高考语法大串.doc

高考语法大串讲一、安徽基础语法知识词法句法交际名词冠词代词数词形副介词连词动词辨析动词短语情态动词非谓语定语从句名词从句状语从句时态虚拟语气倒装强调独立成分05111121111213061121132112071122221111208111211111230911121111111310词法句法交际非谓语定语从句名词从句状语从句时态051 非限关系副词when1 表从what2 时状since+让步unless1 过去时3063 主动+连系+不定式2 同位 though that 主从 what is1 过去时2072 被动+使役2 作宾语省+非限代人of whom2 介宾从宾 1 before1 过去完成2081 主动1 限制 关系副词where1 介宾1 让步 so long as2 过去时 + 完成时3091 to do表将来 主动1 非限 所属 whose1 介宾1 将来进行310Even if, even though, no matter+when, whenever例题：1、NMET 2002第29小题（时态）I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.A hasnt written B doesnt write C wont write D hadnt written答案A2、NMET 2002第26小题（冠词）Jumping out of _ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _ exciting experience.A 不填; the B 不填; an C an; an D the; the答案C3、北京卷 2002第22小题（从句）We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _ other visitors seldom go.A what B which C where D when答案C二、语法知识的实际应用语法知识的实际应用通常是设置一个特定的语言环境，或在口语对话中对基础语法、固定搭配等进行考查。例题：1、NMET 2002 第23题（特定语境中的时态）You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its a pretty on you.A wasnt saying B dont say C wont say D didnt say答案D2、NMET 2002 第22题（特定语境中的连词）Excuse me for breaking in, _ I have some news for you.A so B and C but D yet答案C3、北京卷 2002 第31题（特定语境中的情态动词）I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.It _ true because there was little snow there.A may not be B wont be C couldnt be D mustnt be答案C三、固定搭配和习惯用法固定搭配和习惯用法通常是指对动词短语、介词短语、动词 + 小品词等的考查。例题：1、NMET 2002 第31题（固定搭配）We thought of selling this old furniture, but weve decided to _ it. It might be valuable.A hold on to B keep up with C turn to D look after答案A2、北京卷 2002 第24题（习惯用语）It is so nice to hear from her. _, we last met more than thirty years ago.A Whats more B That is to say C In other words D Believe it or not答案D3、北京卷 2002 第29题（固定搭配）His mother had thought it would be good for his character to _ from home and earn some money on his own.A run away B take away C keep away D get away答案D四、词义辨析词义辨析通常包括动词、形容词、副词、名词等的辨析。例题：1、NMET 2002 第28题（动词词义辨析）The taxi driver often reminds passengers to _ their belongings when they leave the car.A keep B catch C hold D take答案D2、北京卷 2002 第26题（形容词词义辨析）All the people _ at the party were his supporter.A present B thankful C interested D important答案A3、上海卷 2002 第43题（名词词义辨析）For the sake of her daughters health, she decided to move to a warm _. A. weather B. temperature C. season D. climate答案D五、日常交际用语我们在中学阶段的口语学习中学习了各种话题，例如问候、感谢、道歉、介绍等，在这些特定的语言环境中通常我们要用比较常用的口语模式进行问答，所以日常交际用语也就成了NMET的一个考点。例题：1、 NMET 2002 第21题（交际用语）Im taking my driving test tomorrow._ !A Cheers B Good luck C Come on D Congratulations答案B2、北京卷 2002 第35题（交际用语）Its been a wonderful evening. Thank you very much._.A My pleasure B Im glad to hear that C No, thanks D Its OK答案A3、NMET2002秋季第21题Ive got your invitation.Oh, good. .A. Can you come? B. Thanks a lot.C. Ill take it. D. May I help you?答案A通过对上面五个考点的分析，我们可以看出，这五个方面不是孤立的考点，而是相互渗透的，无论测试的重点是哪一方面都离不开其它几个方面的知识，所以我们在做单项填空题时一定要多角度考虑，从而选出最佳答案。六、本专栏所列语法的主要考点1、从句名词性从句考点：（1）连词的选择；（2）主句与从句时态的呼应；（3）同位语从句与定语从句的区别；（4）wh- 与wh-ever 的区别；（5）that在名词性从句中的省略问题；（6）名词性从句的语序问题。状语从句考点：（1）主句与从句的时态呼应问题；（2）连接词的选择（注意区别几组连接词：while / as / when引导时间状语从句；because / since / as / for引导原因状语从句；if / unless引导条件状语从句；sothat / suchthat引导结果状语从句等）；（3）状语从句与非谓语动词之间的替换；（4）状语从句的倒装结构（hardly / scarcelywhen；no soonerthan等）。定语从句考点：（1）关系词的选择；（2）that和which的区别；（3）关系词的省略问题；（4）介词在定语从句中位置（介词 + 关系代词）；（5）as引导的定语从句；（6）定语从句的先行词和关系词当中的插入语。2、代词代词考点：（1）人称代词（形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、人称代词）；（2）反身代词（3）指示代词（it，that，one，ones等的用法）；（4）不定代词（不定代词所指代的内容及其单复数；不定代词的否定意义等）。3、动词（情态动词、动词和动词短语、时态语态、虚拟语气、非谓语动词）情态动词考点：（1）情态动词的词义辨析；（2）在特定场景中情态动词的选择；（3）must / may / might在推测句中的区别；（4）should / could / would 等 + have + 动词的过去分词的用法；（5）need与dare分别做实义动词和助动词的区别。动词和动词短语考点：（1）动词和动词词组的词义辨析；（2）动词的固定搭配（动词 + 介词；动词 + 副词介词和副词的选择）时态语态考点：（1）八种基本时态；（2）主句与从句谓语动词的时态呼应；（3）动词touch / feel / write / sell 等主动表示被动的用法；（4）系动词的用法；（5）延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法。虚拟语气考点：（1）虚拟语气主句和从句时态及结构的对应；（2）动词（suggest / require / order / demand等）、名词（suggestion / requirement / order / demand等）、形容词（necessary / important / essential / basic等）的虚拟语气用法；（3）“ It be ( high / about ) that + 句子 ” 结构中的虚拟语气用法；（4）wish / hope等引导的虚拟语气；（5）as if 的虚拟语气；（6）虚拟语气的倒装。非谓语动词考点：（1）非谓语动词的时态、语态；（2）非谓语动词做状语；（3）独立主格结构；（4）with复合结构；（5）非谓语动词的逻辑主语；（6）非谓语动词的否定式；（7）现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别。4、交际用语交际用语考点：（1）打电话；（2）询问情况；（3）征求许可与应答；（4）邀请与应答；（5）提供帮助与应答；（6）建议与应答；（7）道歉与应答；（8）问候与应答。5、介词介词考点：（1）动词 + 介词；（2）介词和名词；（3）介词和数词；（4）except / except for / except that / besides用法；6、冠词冠词考点：（1）名词前的定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的用法；（2）固定搭配中的冠词用法。7、名词名词考点：（1）名词的单复数；（2）名词所有格；（3）词义辨析；（4）名词前的冠词；（5）名词的习惯用法；（6）名词做定语的用法。8、强调句型强调句型考点：it引导的强调句型It be + 被强调部分 + that / who +其它9、形容词副词形容词副词考点：（1）词义辨析；（2）比较级；（3）多个形容词做定语的次序、位置（前置 / 后置）。10、主谓一致主谓一致考点：（1）主语与谓语动词的语法一致；（2）就近原则（eitheror / neithernor / not only