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学之导个性化辅导中心教案 学生: 授课时间: 课时: 2 年级: 九 教师: 郭 教学目标重点难点教案构架:一、英语中五种句型结构二、句型结构的判断练习三、动词的分类及用法教案内容:一、英语中五种句型结构1、主语系动词表语2、主语动词3、主语动词宾语4、主语动词宾语宾语5、主语动词宾语补语掌握好这些基本句型,就可以为灵活运用语言打下良好的基础。下面分别讲解这五种句型。、主语-动词-表语在这一句型中,动词是系动词,划线部分为表语。1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名词做表语)2.Gradualy he became silent.(形容词做表语)3.She remained standing for a hour.(现在分词做表语)4.The question remained unsolved.(过去分词做表语)5.The machine is out of order.(介词短语做表语)6.The television was on.(副词做表语)7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式做表语)8.My job is repairing cars.(动名词做表语)9.The question is what you want to do.(从句做表语,即:表语从句)注意:在下面的句子中,形容词做表语,在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。Im happy to meet you.They are willing to help.We are determined to follow his example.、主语动词在这一句型中,动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组。在有的句子中,不及物动词可以有状语修饰。1.The sun is rising.2.Ill try.3.Did you sleep well?(well做状语,修饰不及物动词sleep)4.The engine broke down.注意:在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语态。1.The book sells wel.2.The window wont shut.3.The pen writes smoothly.4.Cheese cuts easily.、主语动词宾语在此句型中,动词为及物动词,划线部分为宾语。1.Do you know these people(them)?(名词或代词做宾语)2.I cant express myself in English.(反身代词做宾语)3.He smiled a strange smile.(同源宾语)4.We cant afford to pay such a price.(不定式做宾语)5.Would you mind waiting a few minutes?(动名词做宾语)6.I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.(从句做宾语,即:宾语从句)注意:并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况做宾语,不同的动词有不同的用法,所以,在学习动词时,一定要掌握其用法。、主语动词宾语宾语在此句型中,动词可以称作双宾语动词,在英语中,这样的动词并不多,在学习遇时,要牢记。后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语,其中间接宾语在前,一般表人,直接宾语在后,一般表物。这类句型有三种情况。第一种情况,间接宾语可以改为to引导的短语。1.He handed me a letter.He handed a letter to me.2.She gave me her telephone number.She gave her telephone number to me.第二种情况,间接宾语可以改为for引导的短语。3.She sang us a folk song.She sang a folk for us.4.She cooked us a delicious meal.She cooked a delicious meal for us.第三种情况,直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当。5.Tell him Im out.6.Can you inform me where Miss Green lives?、主语动词宾语宾语补足语在此句型中的动词,叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词,在英语中,这样的动词也不多。后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的,宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语。这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式,因为复合宾语的构成内容较多。下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语。1.He found his new job boring.(形容词做宾补)2.The called their daughter Mary.(名词做宾补)3.This placed her in a very difficult position.(介词短语做宾补)4.We went to here house but found her out.(副词做宾补)5.What do you advise me to do?(不定式做宾补)6.We thought him to be an honest man.(tobe做宾补)7.He believed them to have discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式做宾补)8.He believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的进行式做宾补)9.Did you notice him come in?(不带to的不定式做宾补)10.I saw her chatting with Nancy.(现在分词做宾补)11.He watched the piano carried upstairs.(过去分词做宾补)注意:在这个结构中,可以出现用it做形式上的宾语,把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中,宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。1.He felt it his duty to mention this to her.分析:it是形式宾语,hisduty是宾语补足语,to mention this to her是真正的宾语。2.I think it best that you should stay with us.分析:it是形式宾语,best是宾语补足语,that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。注意:1.习惯用语的使用在英语中,有很多动词习惯用语,在学习的过程中,要注意它们的使用,不必分析单独每个词的使用。例:We are short of money.(be short of中short做表语)She is always making trouble for her friends.(trouble做make的宾语)He has carried out our instructions to the letter.(our instructions做词组carry out的宾语)We are waiting for the rain to stop.(wait for后面的the rain是宾语,to stop是宾语补足语)2.在英语中,大多数动词既可以做及物动词又可以做不及物动词,而且还会有一些固定词组,因此一个动词可以用于几种句型。例:askDid you ask the price?(直接接名词做宾语)She asked them their names.(接双宾语)I asked James to buy some bread.(接宾语加不定式做宾语补足语)I asked to speak to Fred.(接不定式做宾语)Didnt you ask him in?(在此句中和副词in连用)He has asked for an interview with the President.(组成固定词组ask for)3.There be句型是一种特殊的句子,真正的主语在后面,含义为“有”谓语动词和主语保持一致:There is a television in the sitting room.有两个或更多的主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一致:There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.主语的后面有时有修饰语:There are a lot of difficulties facing us.There were many things to be done(此处也可以使用to do).谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:There will be a concert in the park tonight.There was little change in him.谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语。There used to be a cinema here.There seems to be something the matter with her.Is there going to be any activity tonight?there be句式变疑问句,把be提前;变翻译疑问句也要借助there。Is there any hope of getting the job?There is nothing wrong with your watch,is there?there be句型中也可以使用诸如:live,follow,come,stand,sit,exist等不及物动词:Once upon a time,there lived a fisherman on the island.There came a knock at the door.At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.用于非谓语的情况下,有时用不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构there being:You wouldnt want there to be another war.(不定式的复合结构)The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework.(动名词的复合结构)There being nothing else to do,we went home.(独立主格结构)五、巩固性练习请判断下列句子的结构类型1.He is running.2.The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry.3.The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions.4.She seemed angry.5.My father bought me a beautiful present.6.Why do you keep your eyes closed?7.Will you tell us an exciting story?8.We must keep our classroom tidy and clean.9.I heard the baby crying in the sitting room.10.Can you push the window open?六、动词的分类及用法1) 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。2) 根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词。例如: We are having a meeting. 我们正在开会。(have是实义动词。) He has gone to New York. 他已去纽约。(have是助动词。)3) 动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词、不及物动词,英语缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如: She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。) 4) 动词根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分两类,分别是:限定动词、非限定动词例如: She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings。) She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。) 说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式、动名词、分词。5) 根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类,分别是:单字词、短语动词、动词短语例如: The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。) Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。(look up是短语动词。) The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。(take care of是动词短语。)6) 动词有五种形态,分别是:原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词。 1. 系动词 系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说明:有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语。例如: He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。) He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。1)状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词。例如:He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)2)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand。例如:He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。3)表像系动词用来表示看起来像这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look。例如:He looks tired. 他看起来很累。He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。4)感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。 例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 5)变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。例如: He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。6)终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达证实,变成之意。例如: The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果) 2. 助动词 1)协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词。助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用。例如: He doesnt like English. 他不喜欢英语。(doesnt是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)2) 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来: a. 表示时态。例如: He is singing. 他在唱歌。 He has got married. 他已结婚。 b. 表示语态。例如: He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。 c. 构成疑问句。例如: Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗? Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗? d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句。例如: I dont like him. 我不喜欢他。 e. 加强语气。例如: Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。 He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。3) 最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would等。 3. 助动词be的用法 1) be +现在分词,构成进行时态。例如:They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。2) be + 过去分词,构成被动语态。例如:The window was broken by Tom. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英语。3) be + 动词不定式,可表示下列内容: a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排。例如: He is to go to New York next week. 他下周要去纽约。 We are to teach the freshmen. 我们要教新生。 说明: 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。 b. 表示命令。例如: You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释。 He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午来办公室。 c. 征求意见。例如: How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他? Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢? d. 表示相约、商定。例如: We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。 4. 助动词have的用法 1)have +过去分词,构成完成时态。例如: He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。 By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未为止,他们已经完成工作的一半。 2)have + been +现在分词,构成完成进行时。例如: I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英语,已达十年之久。 3)have +been +过去分词,构成完成式被动语态。例如: English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。 5. 助动词do 的用法 1)构成一般疑问句。例如: Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗? Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗?2)do + not 构成否定句。例如: I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。 He doesnt like to study. 他不想学习。 In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 过去,好多学生不知道英语的重要性。3) 构成否定祈使句。例如: Dont go there. 不要去那里。 Dont be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。说明: 构成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和does。4)放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气。例如: Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。 I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。 I do miss you. 我确实想你。5)用于倒装句。例如: Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。 Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 进了大学以后,我们才认识到英语的重要性。说明: 引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。6)用作代动词。例如: - Do you like Beijing? -你喜欢北京吗? - Yes, I do. -是的,

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