Nathaniel Hawthorne课件.ppt

NathanielHawthorne 1804 1864 FamilyHistory Hisgreat great grandfather WilliamHathorne orderedthewhippingofAnneColemanandfourothersinthestreetsofSalem Hisgreat grandfather JohnHathorne wasthemagistratepresidingoverthetrialoftheaccusedwitchesofSalem 1692 TheSalemWitchTrials May October1692 Salem MAConstituteaseriesofinvestigationsandpersecutionsthatcaused19 witches tobehangedandmanyothersimprisonedPeriodofpublichysteriageneratedbyfalseaccusationsandcoercedconfessions Childhood BornJuly4 1804inSalem MAFatherdiedwhenHawthornewasfouryearsoldSenttoprivateschooloncehisrelativesdiscoveredhisstorytellingabilitiesSenttoBowdoinCollegeinMaine CollegeinMaine ClassmatesincludedFranklinPierceandHenryLongfellowPierce futurePresidentoftheUSALongfellow poet educator linguistGraduatedin1825 ReclusiveYearsinSalem Hefirstanonymouslypublishedshortstoriesandanovel Fanshawe Hawthornelaterformallywithdrewmostofhisearlywork discountingitastheworkofinexperiencedyouth Heburnedmostofhisworksfromtheseyears BackintoSociety EditorforTheAmericanMagazineofUsefulandEntertainingKnowledgein1836AppointedtotheBostonCustomHousein1839BecameengagedtoSophiaPeabody marriedin1842 Concord AfterhismarriagetoSophia movedtotheOldManseinConcord JoinedthewritingcirclesofThoreau Emerson andLouisaMayAlcott TheTranscendentalistsbelievedthathumanexistencetranscendedthesensoryrealm andrejectedformalisminfavorofindividualintuitionandimagination GovernmentalOffices Between1846and1849heservedasasurveyoroftheSalemCustomHouse Hewasoustedfromthatjobin1849 whentheincomingpoliticalparty TheWhigs firedhimtoputintheirownpoliticalappointeesHawthornewroteabiographyforPresidentialcandidatePierceforhiscampaign PiercehadattendedcollegewithHawthorne PresidentPiercethenappointedHawthornetoserveastheUSConsultoLiverpool England InfluencesonHawthorne HisearlychildhoodinSalemandworkintheSalemCustomHouse HisPuritanfamilybackground Hebelievedintheexistenceofthedevil Hebelievedindeterminism atheoryofpredestination Works Fanshawe 1828 MossesfromanOldManse 1846 TheScarletLetter 1850 TheHouseofSevenGables 1851 TheSnow Image 1851 TheBlithedaleRomance 1852 LifeofFranklinPierce 1852 TheMarbleFaun 1860 FinalDays ReturnedtotheUSfromEuropein1860ReturnedtoConcordBecameillandunderwentalossofliterarycreativityJourneyedtotheWhiteMountainshopingtorestorehishealthDiedinPlymouth NHonMay19 1864BuriedintheSleepyHollowcemeteryinConcord TheLifeofHawthorne NathanielHawthornediedonMay18 1864inPlymouth NewHampshire HeiscreditedwithwritingthefirsttrulyAmericannovel TheScarletLetter ThePuritans Puritanismisthereligiousreformmovementofthe16thand17thcenturiesseekingtopurifytheChurchofEnglandCharacterizedbyearnest intensemoralandreligiousprinciplessuchasthenecessarycovenantrelationshipwithGod theemphasisonpreachingandtheHolySpirit sdominanceoverreasonastheinstrumentofsalvationAmerica aHolyCommonwealthandacovenantedcommunity ThePilgrims SettlersofPlymouth MA thefirstpermanentcolonyinNewEngland 1620MembersoftheEnglishSeparatistChurch whichwasaradicalfactionofPuritanism InfluencesuponHawthorne sWork MarriageSophiadesiredtopaint write andpursueaprofessionShewaslimitedbysocialconstraintsandmotherhood InfluencesuponHawthorne sWork FemalecharactersareoftenportrayedassympatheticIdeaof FemalePurity InfluenceofPuritanheritage InfluencesuponHawthorne sWork PuritanNewEnglandManyworksaresetinNewEnglandPuritanbeliefinan activeevil Devil Salemcommunitiesareoftenviewedashypocritical SalemWitchTrials LiteraryThemes Alienation acharacterisisolatedduetoself causeorsocietal causeGuiltvs Innocence acharacter ssenseofguiltcausedbyPuritanicalvalues heritage LiteraryThemes Individualvs SocietySelf reliancevs AccommodationHypocrisyvs IntegrityFatevs FreeWillUnconventionalGenderRolesImpossibilityofHumanPerfection Imagery Hawthornemakesuseofthefollowingpatternsofimages Lightvs DarkNaturalvs UnnaturalSunshinevs FirelightorMoonlightandReflections Romantic GothicMotifs FantasiesDreamsReveriesOpen endedendingsandunansweredquestions theopen endedpossibilitiesoftheidealisticRomantic Theme FaithBreakingofchainofhumanityPresenceofmoralitySolitudeandisolation Features problematic AmbiguitySymbolismAllegoryTheGothicFantasy ConflictinginterpretationsBeatricehasbeenregardedasaheavenlyangelandafatalseductress GiovannihasbeencharacterizedasaPuritanandanartistfigure Superficial lacksdepthRappaccinihasbeendeemedbothGodandSatan BaglionihasbeenseenasanineffectualChristandanIago likefigure TheDeathofBeatricebyD G Rosetti Rappaccini sDaughter ReferencetotheBible Dr Rappaccini sgarden GardenofEdenMansion thedomainofevilGiovanni AdamBeatrice EveRappaccini GodortryingtobeBaglioni Devil snake Symbolism Waterinthefountain spiritPurpleshrub Garden Beatrice spotentialspiritualperfection paradoxicalstateReferencetotheBible particularlytheGenesisDifferentcolors purple sunlight black Characters Rappaccini evilanddominant yetlovingandprotectiveBeatrice combinationofgoodandevil purityandcorruptionGiovanni themostambivalent sometimesobsessivelylove sometimesselfishlyhateBaglioni ambitiousintriumphinghiscounterpart WorksCited SurveyofCriticismofRappaccini sDaughter 1995 http www vcu edu engweb eng372 rappcrit htm Rappaccini sDaughterFallFromGrace 2003 http www freeessays cc db 37 pms80 shtml Rappaccini sDaughterandItsRelationshiptotheBible http www belmont edu Humanities literature rappaccini htm Themalecharactersaremorallyflawedandcanbeeasilycomparedtothemorallyidealfemalecharactesrwhoultimatelydiefortheirflawedmen ScienceMale femalerelationship Beatrice symbolofpurityandgoodness Agoodandobedientdaughterwhohasneverblamedherfatherovertlyforherisolation IsrespectfulofherfatherandhelpshiminthegardenwillinglyPhysicalbeautyandspiritualperfectionBeautifulbutnotvain sacrificesherselfforherloverHerbodyiscorrupted buthersoulremainspristine Shegiveshergenuinelovethatsetnoconditionsormakesnodemands Atall oldandunhealthylooking examineseachplantwithclinicalintentness hedoesnottreattheplantswithemotion avoidingboththeirodorsandtheirtouchAbrilliantscientist wouldgladlysacrificethelivesofothersforintellectualgain Flawedmen Single mindeddevotiontohisscience despitethecosttosocietyorBeatrice Baglioni sflawsarecenteredonhisacademicjealousyofRapaccini Giovanniisamanofquickfancywithoutthedeepemotions whenfacedwithevidenceandtalesofBeatrice spoisonousnature hebeginstodoubtthetruthofhislovefairlyquickly andhefluctuatesbetweenardentloveanddistrust ThestorydemonstratesthatBeatrice sdeathistheproductoft