浅谈全球定位系统在土地测量中的使用分析.doc

/ / / /浅谈全球定位系统在土地测量中的使用分析Introduction to the use of global positioning system (GPS) for land survey analysis 随着“3S”技术，特别是在全球定位系统（GPS）等空间信息技术的呈现并被逐步应用到土地管理工作中，为处理土地问题、谐和人地关系提供了强有力的技术支撑。GPS以其速度快、精度高、效益好等优点，在土地范畴应用中获得了良好效果，并且随着我疆土地运用制度变革的不时深化，GPS应用前景愈加宽广。 With 3 s technology, especially in the spatial information technology such as global positioning system (GPS) rendering and is gradually applied to the land management work, to deal with land issues, the harmonic relationship provides a strong technical support. GPS with its advantages of high speed, high precision, efficiency good, in the category of land application obtained the good effect, and the use system change from time to time to deepen my territory, GPS has broad prospect of application. GPS在地籍丈量中的优点：GPS cadastral surveying in the advantages: 作业效率高，在普通的地形下，一次设站即可测完5km半径的测区，大大减小了传统丈量所需的控制点数量和丈量仪器的“搬站”次数，作业速度快、劳动强度低、俭省了外业费用；定位精度高、数据平安牢靠、没有误差积聚，只需满足RTK的丈量条件，在一定的作业范围内，平面和高程精度都能到达厘米级。Working efficiency is high, in the ordinary course of terrain, a station to measure the 5 km radius of the surveyed area, greatly reduced the number of control points and measurement instruments required for a conventional measurement of the number of move, operation speed, low labor intensity, thriftiness field costs; High positioning accuracy and data safe and secure, no error accumulation, just meet the RTK measurement conditions, in a certain operation range, plane and elevation accuracy can reach the cm level. 降低了作业条件，TRK技术不请求两点间通视，只需求满足“电磁波通视”，受外部环境等要素影响和限制较小；操作烦琐，作业自动化、集成化水平高，测绘功用、数据处置才能强大，活动站应用了内装式软件控制系统，无面人工干预便可自动完成多种测绘功用，减少了辅助丈量工作，降低了人为误差，保证了作业精度。GPS技术是一项运用很广的技术，它在土地丈量中的作用是不可替代的。 GPS在土地丈量中的应用，GPS卫星定位新技术的疾速开展，给测绘工作带来了反动性的变化，也对地籍丈量工作，特别是地籍控制丈量工作带来了宏大影响。应用GPS停止地籍控制丈量，不请求通视，这样防止了常规地籍控制工作点位选取的局限条件，并且GPS网状构造对GPS网精度的影响也甚小。正由于GPS具有布点灵敏、全天侯、速度快、精度高等优点，才使GPS技术在国内各省市的城镇地籍控制丈量中得以普遍应用。 Reduces the operating conditions, TRK technology does not request the visibility between two points, only needs to satisfy sighting electromagnetic waves, affected by external environment elements such as smaller and limited; Operation cumbersome, automation, high integrated level, surveying and mapping function, the data disposal ability strong, HuoDongZhan application built in the software control system, without manual intervention before can automatically complete a variety of surveying and mapping function, reduces the auxiliary measure work, reduces human error, ensure the work precision. GPS technology is a widely used technology, its role is irreplaceable in land surveying. The application of GPS in land surveying, GPS satellite positioning rapid development of new technologies and to surveying and mapping work has brought the change of the reactionary, also for cadastral surveying work, especially the cadastral control measurement work has brought great impact. Application of GPS to stop cadastral control measure, do not request visibility, so that to prevent the limitation of routine cadastral control point selection conditions, and the GPS network structures influence on the precision of GPS network is also very small. Is stationing sensitive, 24 hours a day, because the GPS has advantages of fast and high accuracy, makes GPS technology in the domestic various provinces, cities and towns cadastral control measurement is widely used. GPS新技术的呈现，能够高精度并快速地测定各级控制点的坐标。特别是应用RTK新技术，以至能够不布设各级控制点，仅根据一定数量的基准控制点，便能够高精度并快速地测定界址点、地形点，地物点的坐标，应用RTK技术停止定位时请求基准站接纳机实进地把观测数据（如伪距或相位观测值）及已知数据（如基准站点坐标）实进舆给活动站GPS接纳机阳台壁挂式太阳能，活动站快速求解整周含糊度，在观测到四颗卫星后，能够实时地求解出厘米级的活动站动态位置。这比GPS表态、快速静态定位需求事后停止处置来说，其定位效率会大大进步。但在影响GPS卫星信号接纳的遮盖地带HDPE土工膜，应运用全站仪等其他丈量工具，采用解析法停止细部丈量。GPS rendering of the new technology to high precision and fast determination of the coordinates of control points at all levels. Especially the application of RTK technology, that cant setting control points at all levels, according to benchmark a certain number of control points, only can the high accuracy and quickly determine the site points, topographic point, feature the coordinates of point, the application of RTK technology to stop request when positioning datum station to accept real into the machine to the observed data (e.g., pseudorange or phase observation value) and the known data (such as benchmark site coordinates) solid into acceptance machine, and give HuoDongZhan GPS HuoDongZhan quickly solve all week vague degrees, after four satellites observed in real time to solve the position of the cm level HuoDongZhan dynamic. Than the GPS position, fast static positioning demand after the event