过去式与过去分词分规则变化和不规则变化两种.doc

分规则变化和不规则变化两种。不规则变化需逐个记忆，规则变化遵循以下原则： (1) 一般情况下，在动词后加ed构成：work / worked, stay / stayed, shout / shouted等。 (2) 在以-e结尾动词后只加d：close / closed, like / liked, live / lived, smile / smiled等。 (3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i 再加-ed：study / studied, carry / carried等。 (4) 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且(中间只有一个元音字母）且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed：stop / stopped, admit / admitted, refer / referred, prefer / preferred等。 【注】(1) 以字母l结尾的动词，若末尾一个音节为重读音节，则必须双写l再加-ed，如control / controlled，但若末尾一个音节为非重读音节，则可双写l(英国英语)或不双写l(美国英语)，如travel / travel(l)ed。 (2) 动词picnic(野餐)的过去式和过去分词是picnicked，不是picniced。 (3) 词尾-ed 读音规则是：在清辅音后读作t，元音和浊辅音后读作d，在辅音t或d后读作id。参考资料：引用 过去式和过去分词构成法 1）英语中大部分动词都以加-ed词尾的办法构成过去式及过去分词： 现在时（动词原形） 过去式 过去分词 work worked worked appear appeared appeared talk talked talked play played played 这类动词称为规则动词（Regular Verbs）。 2）在加-ed 词尾时要注意几个问题： a若末尾已有字母e，则只加-d: live lived please pleased free freed b若以“辅音（字母）y”结尾，先变y为i再加-ed: try tried study studied simplify simplified c若是以“一个元音字母 一个辅音字母”结尾，该音节又重读者，末尾字母要双写，然后再加-ed: stop stopped fit fitted chat chatted d其他的词都直接加-ed: lack lacked open opened repeat repeated 3）另外，还有几点值得注意： a以“一个元音l”结尾的词，英国人都把l双写，美国人都不双写： travel travelled (英)，traveled (美) marvel marvelled (美)，marveled (美) bl前若有两个元音，l一概不双写（英美都如此）： reveal revealled appeal appealed c有少数词，尽管末尾音节并不重读，末尾辅音字母在英国仍双写： worship worshipped (英) ，worshiped (美) kidnap kidnapped (英)， kidnapped (美) 但progarm programmed（英，美），progarmed（美国人有时用这种拼法）。 d以x结尾的词，x不双写： mix mixed fix fixed 4）在英语中，在加-ed词尾时，末尾字母双写的词常见的有：banchopdropgripknitnetplanrubshrugslamstarswaptrapabetcontrolexpelrecapbarclapdrumgunlagnipplodscanshunslapstemtagtrimabhordeferincurreferbatcramdubhopmannodplugscarsinslipsteptantripacquitdeterinstilregretbegcropfanhugmarpadpopscrapsipsnapstoptaptrotadmitdistiloccurremitblotdamfithummobpatpropskrubskidsobstrapthinwagallotemitomitrepelbragdipflagjammoppenripshipskimspotstripthrobwrapcommitenroloutwitsubmitbrimdotgrapjogmugpinrobshopskinsquatstuntipcompelequippatroltransmitchatdraggrinjotnagpitrotshredskipstapsuntopconferexcelpropelhandicap 5）下面的词在加-ed时，在英国末尾字母要双写，而在美国却不一定双写：cancellabelprogramshriveldiallevelquarreltotalequalmarvelrefueltravelhiccupmodelreveltunnelinitialpedalrivalunravelkidnappencilshovelworship 注：在加-ing 词尾时，4）中所列词的情况也一样。 不规则动词1原形同过去式和过去分词相同的不规则动词cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt let-let-let put-put-put read-read-read2原式同过去分词或过去式相同的不规则动词become-became-become come-came-come run-ran-run beat-beat-beaten3过去分词同过去式相同的不规则动词bring-brought-brought buy-bought-bought fight-fought-fought think-thought-thought catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught build-built-built lend-lent-lent send-sent-sent spend-spent-spent lose-lost-lost smell-smelt-smelt（smell-smelled-smelled） feel-felt-felt keep-kept-kept sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept leave-left-left meet-met-met burn-burnt-burnt（burn-burned-burned） learn-learnt-learnt（learn-learned-learned） mean-meant-meant sell-sold-sold tell-told-told hold-held-held shine-shone-shone（shine-shined-shined） win-won-won get-got-got stand-stood-stood understand-understood-understood dig-dug-dug hang-hung-hung have(has)-had-had hear-heard-heard make-made-made pay-paid-paid say-said-said sit-sat-sat find-found-found4原形、过去式和过去分词三者都不相同的不规则动词be(am,is)-was-been be(are)-were-been do-did-done go-went-gone wear-wore-worn lie-lay-lain（lie-lied-lied撒谎） see-saw-seen begin-began-begun drink-drank-drunk ring-rang-rungsing-sang-sung swim-swam-swum drive-drove-driven rise-rose-risen ride-rode-ridden write-wrote-written blow-blew-blown grow-grew-grown know-knew-known throw-threw-thrown fly-flew-flown draw-drew-drawn show-showed-shown break-broke-brok