专利计量学的由来.doc

专利计量学的由来 已有 1761 次阅读 2010-9-18 19:39 |个人分类:专利|系统分类:科研笔记|关键词:F.NARIN，专利分析，专利计量 （一）在查阅相关资料后，发现了有一篇F.NARIN文章，名为“Patent Bibliometrics”,很好奇，觉得既然是专利分析鼻祖的文章，一定要拿来读一读。这篇文章发表于Scientometrics, Vol. 30, No.1 (1994) 147-155.（二）该篇论文的主要大意是说：它觉得专利与文献在“national productivity, inventor productivity, referencing cycles, citation impact, within country citation preferences”五个方面的属性上具有高度的一致性。因此，文献研究的方法也可以应用于技术文献的研究上。（三）这篇文章回顾了很多第一：1. 第一篇计量科学研究的论文是：F.J.Cole, N.B.EALES, THE HISTORY OF COMPARATIVE ANATOMY, SCIENCE PROGRESS,11(1917)578-596.2. 第一个将科技文献数量评价引入经济学的人是： DEREK DE SOLLA PRICE.PRICE 提出一国科技出版物的数量与该国的经济规模有关（尤其是GDP），而与该国的地理面积、人口和其他参数无关。3. 科学生产率的第一人是LOTKA,和他的“LOTKAS LAW”（四）里面有一句话印象很深： 【原文】The old linear model of the way in which science, technology, and economics develop, postulates that scientists do research, publish, and place that information in the public domain. It then gets codified, taught, and eventually works its way into technology and is utilized by inventors who produce patented inventions, which are manufactured and sold, with a consequent contribution to economics. This linear model, science, then technology, then economics is simplistic and clearly inaccurate, and ignores the much more intimate relationship between technology and science, with many feedback loops. 【翻译】传统的科学技术经济的线性发展模式假定：科学家做实验，发表，将科技信息公之于众，然后，该信息被汇编、被讲授，并最终形成技术，并被发明家用于发明专利，通过专利产品的制作与销售，随之而来的是对于经济产生贡献。这种先科学后技术再经济的线性模式，忽略了科学、技术及其副产品之间的紧密关系，是简单且错误的。（五）该文献提出了一个很早期的关于文献与专利共引，或者说自引的证据。Scientometrics and patent bibliometrics in RUL analysis: a new approach to valuation of intangible assets 作者: Cavaller, V. 来源出版物: VINE 卷: 39期: 1页: 80-91出版年: 2009DOI: 10.1108/03055720910962461摘要: Purpose - This article aims to show the application of scientometrics and patent bibliometrics in remaining useful life (RUL) analysis for evaluating the value of intangible assets. Design/methodology/approach - Technology innovation management is strictly related to the RUL. The RUL concept is defined as the time remaining until the reliability drops below a defined minimal operating threshold. The RUL analysis of certain intangible assets (patents and know-how licence agreements, industrial designs, trade marks, logos, customer base) is done through different methodologies and various different approaches. The key subject in all these methodologies is the life cycle of the technology. The analyst tries to approach the foresight of the life cycle of technology to establish its value in use. Different life measure systems are considered in RUL analysis depending on different typologies of technology life: statutory, contract, judicial, economic and functional. Data used in life cycle estimation may be used in RUL analysis. Typically, these data include scientific articles, registration documents (patent applications, trade marks and copyright applications), commercial contracts, judicial orders, financial statements and technology data. Findings - The analysis of the life cycle allows the incorporation of qualitative considerations (legal, contractual, physical, technical know-how, functional, economic) related to the conduct of future technologies. But technology development is conditioned by trends in scientific research and by the changes in the marketing dynamic, today and in the future. Qualitative methods provide a valuable information service that relates to the intangible assets over time. The typical survivor curve shows the released, remaining and probable life span of a certain technology by taking into account factors such as technological changes, marketing acceptance, and other exogenous and endogenous factors. Quantitative analysis of scientific production, applications for patents, industrial designs and trade marks, developed in scientometrics and bibliometrics, provide an unbiased guide to R&D and business trends. Originality/value - The original purpose of the paper is to emphasise how the technology life cycle is influenced by changes in technology but also in scientific research evolution. Scientific research life analysis must examine the historical emergence or decay of a certain intellectual interest in the scientific community through the study of what is and what is not published in scientific journals. 入藏号: 10658161 文献类型: Journal Paper 语种: English 处理类型: Practical 受控索引: information analysis; innovation management; patents; product life cycle management; remaining life assessment 非受控索引: scientometrics; patent bibliometrics; intangible assets; innovation management; minimal operating threshold; life cycle estimation; scientific articles; registration documents; commercial contracts; judicial orders; financial statements; qualitative methods; valuable information service; quantitative analysis; scientific research life analysis 分类代码: C7240 Information