8Bunit2Grammar.doc

【教学目标】1.学会正确使用have/has been 和 have/has gone。2. 理解短暂性动词和延续性动词的不同用法，以及他们之间的转换。3. 会根据不同语境选择使用短暂性动词和延续性动词。4. 学会短暂性动词在与for和since连用时的变化形式。5. 加深对现在完成时的理解。【教学重点、难点】学会正确使用have/has been 和 have/has gone。学会正确使用短暂性动词和延续性动词【课前准备】判断正误：将错误的地方划出来，并在括号内订正。1. I have gone to Japan before. ( )2. The scenery of Mount Fuji is very beautiful. I have been to there three times. ( )3. His father has been to Beijing. He wont be back until next week ( )4. How long has Kitty gone in Hong Kong? ( )【教学过程】Step 1 :PresentionWe use have /has been to express the idea that someone went to someplace and has already come back. I have been to England twice. (Where am I now/Am I still in England? ) Millie, can you go to office to bring me the chair? Wheres Millie? She is on the way to the office, or maybe she is in the office. She has gone to the office. And she will come back in a few minutes. We use have /has gone to express the idea that someone went to someplace and is still there. Step 2: Practising Daniel is asking Millie about traveling. Complete the conversation on page 31 with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Step 3: Finishing exercises Correct the mistakes 1. Millie has gone to South Hill many times. 2. Wheres your father? He has been to the library. 3. When have you been to Hong Kong? 4. Kitty has been to Hong Kong for two days. Step4:小组合作ago, since和for的用法(1)ago 只能用于过去时，放于段时间后。(2)since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，接表示过去时间点的词语/段时间+ago/从句（一般过去时）用于现在完成时的句子，如：Mr.Smithhasworkedhere_1984. 1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。He haslearnedabout5,000Englishwords_hewenttocollege.他上大学以来学了约五千个英语单词。(3)for短语表示动作延续多长时间，接表示段时间的时间状语，对for, since引导的时间提问用how long.Wehaveknowneachother_twentyyears. 我们认识有二十年了。Ihaventseenher_alongtime. 我好久没有见到她了。练习：用since和for填空1)_twoyears 2)_twoyearsago 3)_lastmonth 4)_1999 5)_yesterday 6)_4oclock 7)_4hours 8)_anhourago 9)_wewerechildren 10)_lunchtime 11)_shelefthere2.短暂性动词与延续性动词。短暂性动词表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，可直接用来表示某一动作的完成。常见的短暂性动词有：begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, arrive, reach, open, close, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, die等。延续性动词表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的有：study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, keep等。短暂性动词在肯定句中不能与表示延续的时间状语，即不能与for, since，how long等引导的一段时间连用。【要点点击】（一）1. have been to 和have gone to的区别have been to强调“去过”，现已不在那里如：He_ _ _ the USA _.他到美国去过两次。（过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”）have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场如：-Wheres your mother? -你妈妈在哪？ -She _ _ _ the hospital. -她去医院了。（二）have been to 和have been in的区别have been to强调人“已回到原地”，后面可接表示次数的状语。如： She has been to Shanghai twice.-How many times has he been there? -Hes been there many times.have been in / at表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表一段时间的状语。如： They _ _ _ the bus stop for half an hour.他们在车站已呆了半小时。（现在仍然在车站） We _ _ _ Xian for two weeks.我们在西安呆了两个多星期。（现仍在西安） How long _ they_ _ China?他们在中国呆了多长时间了？（仍在中国）（三）使用 It is /has been+段时间+since. 或 一段时间+has passed +since.的句式。如：I left Yangzhong ten days ago.我离开扬中10天了。= It _ _ _ _since _ _ _.= _ _ _ _since _ _ _.The film started 5 minutes ago.电影已经开始5分钟了。= The film _ _ _ _ _ _.= It _ _ _ since _ _ _.四.over adv.结束，完了 Our holidays will soon _ _.我们的假期就要结束了。Well go out when the rain _ _. 雨停了我们就出去。五、dead adj.死的，无生命的 die v.死去，去世 死鱼_ 死去的孩子_ He _ (die) for a year.【达标检测】(一)、用have been to/in和 have gone to的适当形式填空。1. A: Wheres Jim, Li Lei? B: He _ his school library.2. The Greens _ China for three years.3. We _the Great Wall twice. Its very beautiful.4. _ you ever _ Shanghai?5._ Lucy _ China since 5 years ago?（二）用for, since, ago填空1. Sally has been away from London _ last Saturday.2. Our school has changed a lot _ the new building was built.3. Tommy has had this motorcycle _ three years.4. My parents has been married since twenty years _.5. My cousin joined the army three months _.【教后感】【课后作业】一.根据汉语提示完成句子1.你最近收到你爸爸的来信了吗？_ you _ _ your father _ ?2.我已经很长时间没有拜访过我姑姑了。I _ _ my aunt _ _ _ _.3.Simon曾经去过几次中国。Simon _ _ _ China _ _ _.4.他们已经去电影院了。They _ _ _ _ the cinema.5.Smith夫妇还没有回来。The Smiths _ _ _ _.二、用所给动词适当形式填空1. “_ you _ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.”“When _ you _ (have) it?” “I _ (have) it at 12:00.”2. “_ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.”3. It _(be) ten minutes since the meeting _(end).4. “_ they ever _ (be) there?” “Yes, just once.”5. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work.6. Your father _ (finish) his work just now.7. Last term I _ (learn) many English words.8. Five years _(pass) since he _(become) a doctor.9. “_ you _ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I _ .”“Where _ you _ (buy) it?” “ I _ (buy) it in a bookstore.”“When _ you _ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”10._ you _ (forget) to bring me the letter yet?11.They _ (not visit) her for a long time.12.-How long _ she _ (be) in Hong Kong?-For over two years.13.-_ you _ (find) your dictionary yet?-Yes. I _ (find) it under the desk an hour ago.14. Mr Brown _ already _ (come) back from England.15. I _ never _(see) such a wonderful film before.16. Mr Smith _ (work) in this factory since he _ (leave) school.17. I _ (read) the book about Harry Potter last week.18. The young man _ (plant) 400 trees in the past three years.19. So far my little brother _ (learn) five English songs.20. Wheres Li Ming? He _ (go) to the teachers office.21.The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 22.Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? 三、选择填空：( )1. -Have you _ ridden a horse? -Yes, I have. A. never B. ever C. just D. yet( )2. Ive been like this ever since _ .A. last week B. for a week C. a week before D. the last week( )3. -Have you finished your homework _ ? -Yes, Ive done that _ A. yet, already B. already, yet C. ever, never D. still, just( )4. My mother has worked in this factory_2 years.A. about B. for C. in D. since( )5. Mr Green isnt in the office. He _ to the library.A. has gone B. went C. has been D. will go( )6. Mr Smith to Tokyo and he will be back in a week.A. has been B. has visited C. has sent D. has gone( )7. They_ China for two years A. have been to B. have been in C. have gone to D. have come to( )8. Shes never been to England, _ she?A. has B. hasnt C. isnt D. is四、同义句转换 1. He got to Beijing five days ago. He _ _ _Beijing for _ _.2. They came here last week. They _ _ here since _ _.3. We returned to Yangzhong yesterday. We _ _ _ Yangzhong since _.4. I became a teacher in 2000. I _ _ a teacher for _ _.5. The door opened