高级语言学试题库.doc

高级语言学一、Multiple Choices: Tick off the best answer. 1. The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed as _linguistics.A.applied B.diachronic C.comparative D.syncronic2. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop? A.p B.m C.b D.t3._ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.A. Competence B. Langue C. Parole D. Performance4._ is an approach to linguistics in which mathematical techniques and concepts are applied, often with the aid of a computer.A. computational linguistics B. psycholinguistics C. general linguistics D. sociolinguistics5. The words“make”and “bus” are called _because they can occur unattached.A. detivational morphemes B.inflectional morphemesC.bound morphemes D.free morphemes6. The pair of words “lend” and “borrow” are_.A.gradable antonymy B.converse antonymy C.synonyms D.co-hyponyms7.The semantic components of the word “man” can be expressed as _.A. +animate, +human, +male, +adult B. +animate, +human, +male,-adult C. +animate, +human, -male, -adult D、+animate, +human, -male, +adult8. What kind of function does the sentence “How do you do?” have ?A.Directive B.Phatic C.Informative D.Evocative9.The _ function refers to language used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas.A. performative B. directive C. informative D. phatic10. The semantic components of the word “man” can be expressed as _. A.animate,human,male,adult B.animate,human,male,adultC.animate,human,male,adult D.animate,human,male,adult11.“A rose by any other name would smell as sweet”. This sentence means that language has the feature of _.A. arbitrariness B. productivity C. duality D. displacement12. Nouns,verbs and adjectives can be classified as_.A.lexical words B.grammatical words C.function words D.form words13.What is the meaning relationship between the two words “flower/tulip”?A. Homograph B. Homonymy C. Hyponymy D. Antonymy14.What kind of function does the sentence “How do you do?” have?A. Directive B. Phatic B. Informative D. Declarative15.Which of the following is not lexical change of English words?A. compounding B. assimilation C. blending D. abbreviation16. What is the construction of the sentence “The boy smiled”?A.Exocentric B.Endocentric C.Coordinate D.Subordinate18.The formation of new words by combing parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called_.A. compounding B. clipping C. acronymy D. blending17. The branch of linguistics that studies meaning of language in context is called _ A.semantics B.sociolinguistics C.pragmatics D.psycholinguistics19.The word meaning given in the dictionary is called _ meaning.A. affective B. connotative C. collocative D. denotative20.There are _ morphemes in the word “boyish”?A. three B. two C. one D. four21.The relation between “male” and “female” is labeled as _.A. gradability B. complementary C. hyponymy D. homonymy22.What is the correct syllable structure of the word “sixth”?A.VCC B. CVC C. CVCCC D. CVVC23.In the following sounds, _ is a bilabial nasal.A.d B. l C. m D. w24.The word “holiday” used to mean “holy day” in religious English, but today it means “ a day for rest” regardless of its religious nature, so the meaning is _.A. broadened B. narrowed C. meaning shifted D. class shifted25.The morpheme “moon” in the common word “moonwalk” is a(n) _.A. bound morpheme B. inflectional morphemeC. free morpheme D. derivational morpheme26.The structural approach to the analysis of language was started by _.A.Bloomfield B.Saussure C.Chomsky D. J.Searle27.The study of the linguistic meaning of words, phrases and sentences is called _.D. pragmatics B. semanticsC. linguistics D. syntax二.Fill in the blanks with the most suitable words.Each blank represents one word.1. Of all the speech organs,the _ is the most flexible.2. In producing the English vowels,the air stream coming up from the lungs meets with no_in whatsoever manner.3. A person who studies linguistics is usually referred to as a_.4. A linguistic study is _ if it describes and analyses facts observed,it is _if it tries to lay down rules for “correct” behavior. A.semantics B.sociolinguistics C.pragmatics D.psycholinguistics5. Not all the sounds occur in the same environment. When two sounds never occur in the same enviromnent, they are said to be in the _ distribution.6. _morphemes are attached to words,but they never change their syntactic category.7. The description of a language at some point in time is a _study.8. _ is a high back lax rounded vowel.9. According to Chomsky,_structure explains the meaning of a sentence.三.True/false statements: Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). 1. The English phoneme /p/ contains only voicelessness, bilabiality, and plosiveness.2. To find out the distinctive sounds, the customary practice is to try to find minimal pairs.3. Sentence stress depends on the relative importance of the word. 4.A labeled tree diagram is often employed by grammarians to show semantic relations between and among words and phrases.5.f is a dental consonant.6.“Will be leaving”is an endocentric construction.7.Of all the design features of the human language,displacement is the most important.8. There are 26 consonants in English. 9.“Mary has been to Europe” presupposes “Mary has been to abroad”.10. Articulatory phonetics is the study of the production of speech sounds. 11.The word “ungentlemanliness” has five morphemes12. The morpheme “nation” in the word “internationals” is both a root and a stem.13.The CP Principle,put forward by P.Grice, has four maxims,for writing as well as speaking.14. Nouns, articles, conjunctions adjectives and are said to be lexical words, while verbs, prepositions, adverbs and pronouns are grammatical words. 15. Derivation shows the relation between stems and affixes. 16.Linguistic competence is a language users underlying knowledge about the system of rules.17.Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studies the sentence patterns of a language.18.The different members of a phoneme, sounds which are phonetically different but do not make a different word, are phones.19. Intonation may bring part of a sentence into prominence by placing the nucleus on the syllable concerned.四. Explain the following terms in English 1.phoneme2. minimal pairs3semantic trianglet4.syntax5.syntagmatic relation五.Answer the following questions.1.What is the main idea of J.Austins theory?2.Discus