60个历年常考单词短语用法大总结（3）.doc

中考】60个历年常考单词和短语用法大总结（3）31. 与现在完成时连用的两个时间状语for + 一段时间since + 时间点/一般过去时的句子We have been studying English for three years.我们三年来一直在学习英语。He has been staying here since he was five years old.自从五岁以来，他一直待在这里。We havent seen each other since ten years ago.自从十年前以来，我们一直没有见过彼此。注意：for和 since 可以相互转换。Jenny has been collecting coins for several years. = Jenny has been collecting coins since several years ago.珍妮收集硬币已经有几年的时间了。32. 除.之外except （不包括在内）besides （包括在内）Everyone could answer this question except Jim.除了吉姆，大家都能够回答这个问题。There are three girls besides me.除了我之外，还有三个女孩。33. 已经already 用于肯定句中yet 用于否定句和疑问句末Have you seen the film yet？你看过这部电影了吗？I havent locked the door yet.我还没有锁门。Mom has already watered the flowers.妈妈已经浇花了。34. 否定祈使句Dont do sth.=No + doing / n.Dont smoke here.= No smoking here.这里禁止吸烟。Dont take photos.= No photos.禁止拍照。35. 也too 放肯定句末和疑问句末either 放否定句末also 放肯定句中She is a girl. I am a girl , too.她是个女孩。我也是女孩。Do you play soccer every day ，too？你也每天都踢足球吗？He also likes collecting things.他也喜欢收集东西。注意：also放在实意动词前，be之后.36. 要求严格be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格Miss Zhang is strict in her work and she is strict with her students.张老师对自己的工作要求严格，对她的学生要求严格。37. 需要做某事need to do sth 主语是人need doing sth 主语是物（主动形式表被动含义）The classroom needs cleaning. Its too dirty.教室需要被打扫，太脏了。Children need to sleep a lot.孩子们需要很多睡眠。38. 穿过through：介词（从内部穿过）across：介词（从表面穿过）cross ：动词（从表面穿过）Be careful when you cross the street.过街的时候要小心。The man went through the forest.这个男人穿过了森林。He swam across the river.他游过了河。39. 表建议的句型Why dont you do sth = Why not do sth？ 为什么不.？How /what about doing sth？ 做.怎么样？Lets do sth. 让我们.Why dont you have a cup of tea ？=Why not have a cup of tea ？为什么不喝一杯茶呢？Lets go out for a walk.让我们出去散步吧。How about practice conversations ？练习对话怎么样？40. so 和 neither 的倒装句So + 助/系/情态+ 主语表示肯定意义（.也是如此）Neither + 助/系/情态+ 主语表示否定意义（.也不）My mother didnt go to school. Neither did my father.妈妈没上过学，爸爸也没上过。James comes from the USA . So does Tom.詹姆斯来自美国。汤姆也是。My pen pal can speak Japanese. So can I.我的笔友会说日语。 我也会。My sister isnt outgoing. Neither am I.我的姐姐不外向，我也不外向。41. 都both 两者都all三者或三者以上都The twins both are good students.这对双胞胎都是好学生。There are lots of colorful flowers on two sides of the streets.在街道两边有很多五颜六色的话。There are five people in my family. We all like playing sports. My parents both love us. We are very happy.我们家有五个人。我们都喜欢运动。父母都很爱我们。我们都很快乐。42. alone / lonelyalone 单独，独自一人lonely 孤独的，寂寞的(有一定的感情色彩)He is alone at home.他独自一人在家。He lives a lonely life in the country.他在这个国家过着孤独的生活。43. in/on the treein the tree 外来的on the tree 长在树上的I saw a cat in the tree.我看到树上有只猫There are many apples on the tree.树上有很多苹果。44. in/on the wallin the wall 指在墙体内on the wall 指在墙体表面There is a map on the wall.墙上有一张