代词.第01讲(B级).doc

代词（一） 代词（一）代词（一）Part 1人称代词1. 什么是人称代词？其实就是表示“我，你，他，她，它，你们，他们”的词。人称代词分主格和宾格两类，有单、复数之分。人称代词第一人称（我，我们）第二人称（你，你们）第三人称（除我、我们、你、你们之外）单数复数单数复数单数复数人称代词主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouyouhimheritthem思考1：什么是主格？什么是宾格？主格就是做主语的人称代词，宾格就是做宾语的人称代词。思考2：什么是主语？什么是宾语？主语是动作的发出者、执行者，是句子描述的对象；宾语是动作的接受者、承受者。找出以下句子中的主语和宾语。He is a doctor.It appeared in 1990s.What is your father?Do you like cartoons?思考3：什么时候用主格？什么时候用宾格？当人称代词充当句子的主语时要用人称代词的主格，当人称代词充当句子的宾语时要用人称代词的宾格。此外，宾格形式也可充当介词的宾语。如：His mother is waiting for him outside.Examples:2. 多个人称代词连用时的排序两个以上的人称代词并用时，从礼貌上讲通常按下列排序： 单数代词：you he, she I如：you and I; you and he; he and I; you, he and I.复数：we you they如：we and they; we and you; you and they; we, you and they.第三人称男女两性并用时，男先女后：he and she承认过失，表示不吉祥的事，或不好的意思时，单数按1、3、2人称排列，复数按3、2、1人称排列。如：I, he and you will be scolded for being late.They, you and we should leave her at once.It was I and Tom that broke the window.如果和比自己身份低的人或动物并排时，说成：I and my children, I and cat等。人称代词排序巧记口诀单数2、3、1，复数1、2、3，都是三人称，女后男在先。若是有过失，主动要承担。单数1、3、2，复数3、2、1，小辈与动物，我须放在前，人称排列好，夸你懂语言。Exercise 1选择填空1.Whossingingoverthere?_isSandyssister.A.ThatB.ItC.SheD.This2._willspendthesummerholidayinHawaii.A.She,youandIB.You,sheandIC.I,youandshe D.Her,meandyou3.Betweenyouand_,heisnotarealfriend.A.meB.IC.heD.his4.Myuncleboughtanewbikefor_.A.theirsB.theyC.meD.I5.Heresapostcardforyou,Jim!Oh,_isfrommyfriend,Mary.A.heB.itC.sheD.its6.LittleBabyknowsthatheshouldnottakethethingsthatdonotbelongto_.A.heB.hisC.herD.him7.Amongthoselovelytoys,thebrowntoydogwasgivenby_.A.heB.hisC.himD.hesPart 2物主代词1. 什么是物主代词？表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词，即“的”。物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。物主代词的形式如下： 人称代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数物主代词形容词性myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs2. 物主代词用法形容词性物主代词在句中做定语，修饰名词，一般不单独使用。如：His parents are both office workers.My name is Jack.名词性物主代词常用来代替前面已提及的名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。如：My idea is quite different from yours.名词性物主代词可用在of后面作定语，相当于“of+名词所有格”，表示部分概念。如：He is a friend of mine.（我的一个朋友）简而言之，形容词性物主代词用在名词前，不能单独使用。名词性物主代词相当于一个名词，使用时后面不能再加名词。如：This is my schoolbag.That is his bike = That bike is his.Exercise 21.Iateall_sandwichesyesterday.( I )CanIhaveoneof_? ( you )2.Georgehaslost_ ( his )pen.AskMaryif（是否）shewilllendhim_. ( she )3. JackhasadogandsodoI._( he ) dogand_ ( I )hadafight(打架).4.Theteacherwantsyoutoreturnthatbookof_( he )5.Mr.andMrs.Greenandafriendof_arecomingtoseeus. ( they )6.WearegoingtoParistostaywithaFrenchfriendof_. (we )Part 3反身代词1. 什么是反身代词表示“我（们）自己”、“你（们）自己”、“他/她/它（们）自己”的代词称为反身代词。反身代词的形式如下： 人称代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数反身代词myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves巧记口诀反身代词构成并不难，单数词尾-self记心间。第三人称宾格加在前，其余物主开头用在先。复数形式如何变，f要用ves来替换。说明：1. 反身代词单数词尾都有-self，复数词尾都有-selves。 2. 第三人称都由人称代词宾格+self或selves构成。第一、二人称反身代词都是形容词性物主代词+self或selves构成。2. 反身代词用法（1）作宾语。反身代词作宾语的用法可以用中国的一句古话表示：“搬起石头砸了自己的脚”，也就是说动作的发出者是自己，动作的承受者也是自己。如：I teach myself English. 我自学英语。teach这个动作的发出者和承受者都是I。（2）做表语。Im not myself today. 我今天不大舒服。（3）做同位语The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。 You yourself said so. / You said so yourself. 你自己是这样说的。3. 反身代词的常用词组teach oneself = learn by oneself 自学Eg: I teach myself English.= I learn English by myself.enjoy oneself= have a good time = have fun 玩得高兴，过得愉快Eg: I hope you can enjoy yourselves at the party. help oneself to 随便吃、用Eg: Help yourself to some orange.by oneself 靠某人自己I did my homework by myself e to oneself 苏醒Eg: After an operation, Grandma came to herself finally.Exercise 31.I made the cake by _. Help _, Tom.A. ourselves, yourselfB. myself, yourselfC. myself, youD. me, him2.Enjoy_, May and Mary.A. yourselfB. myselfC. yourselvesD. themselves3.Help _ to some chicken, boys and girls.A. youB. yoursC. yourselfD. yourselves4.Who taught _ history last year? Nobody! He learned it _.A. him, himselfB. his, himselfC. himself, himselfD. his, him5.Help_ to some meat, Mary.A. themselvesB. ourselvesC. yourselfD. himself Part 4指示代词1. 什么是指示代词？指示代词是表示“那个”、“这个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词。指示代词例句单数thisThis girl is Mary.thatThat is Mary.复数theseThese men are my teachers.thoseThose are my teachers.2. 指示代词的用法(1) this/these： 近指。Eg：This is my pen. These are my pens. 指下文要提到的事。 Eg：Please remember this: No pains, no gains.(2) that/those： 远指。Eg: Thats her bike. 指前面刚刚提到的事。 Eg: He was ill. That was why he didnt go to school.扩展：this, that, it, one的区别“this”、“that”既可以作形容词，又可以作指示代词；而“it”只能作代词。one可用数词又可作代词.指“物”1.“this”指近物，“that”指远物，“it”没有远近之分。如：This is a computer. 这是一台电脑。（在近处）That is a bike. 那是一辆自行车。（在远处）2.在回答“this”和“that”作主语的疑问句时，常用“it”代替“this”和“that”。如：Is this/that a car? 这/那是一辆小汽车吗？Yes, it is./No, it isnt. 是的，它是。/不，它不是。Whats this/that? 这/那是什么？Its a ruler. 这/那是一把尺子。3.陈述在一起的两样东西时，应先说“this”，后说“that”。如：This is a book. That is a pen. 这是一本书，那是一枝钢笔。 4.one与it的区别 one指代上文提到过的同类事物中的一个，但不是上文提到的那一个事物。如果指同类事物中的一些，要用ones。如：This apple is small. Please give me a big one. 这个苹果小，请给我一个大的。These books are mine. Those ones are Lilys. 这些书是我的，那些书是莉莉的。it指代前文中提到过的那一个事物。如：My bike is very old, but I like it very much. 我的自行车很旧，但我很喜欢它。Where is my new pen? I cant find it. 我的新钢笔在哪儿？我找不到它了。Exercise 41. _ pen is red. _ pencil is green.A. this, that B. These, Those C. That, Those D. This, That2. Is _ a panda over there?A. this B. that C. those D. these3. _two boys are Mr. Greens sons.A. This B. These C. That D. those4. _ two girls are Mary and Linda.A. This B. They C. That D. Those5. _is Mr. White and _ is my father.A. This, those B. That, these C. These, these D. This, this6. -This is my dog, Spotty. -Oh,_ is very lovely.7. I havent a pen. Do you have_.Part 5 疑问代词1. 常见疑问代词疑问代词有 whowhom 谁（指人）；whose谁的；which哪一个，哪一些；what什么。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。如：Whos that?Where is your father?2. how家族（看你学完晕不晕，嘿嘿嘿嘿嘿嘿嘿）how如何，怎样How are you?how many多少，对可数名词进行提问How many people are there in your family?how much多少，对不可数名词进行提问How much sugar do you want?how long多长，对时间和长度进行提问How long is your summer holiday?How long is that rope?how soon多久之后，对将来的一段时间进行提问-How soon will you leave Beijing?-In two dayshow often多久一次，对频率进行提问How often do you go to your grandfathers?how far多远，对距离进行提问How far is it from your school to the post office?Exercise 51. -_are they talking about? -The coming Fathers Day. A. WhatB. WhoC. WhyD. How2. -_is it from your home to the bookstore? -About 10 minutes ride. A. How farB. How muchC. How oftenD. How soon3. -Please call me when you are free. -OK. But_ is your telephone number? A. whatB. howC. whoD. when4. -_do you go to Beijing Happy Valley? -Once a year. A. How longB. How oftenC. How farD. How soon5. -_have you been here? -About two years. A. How muchB. How manyC. How longD. How far我学了什么1. 什么是人称代词？什么是物主代词？举例说明。2. 人称代词什么时候用主格？什么时候用宾格？物主代词什么时候用形容词性？什么时候用名词性？举例说明。3. 什么是反身代词？什么是指示代词？举例说明。4. 常见的疑问词有哪些？举例说明。5.how家族有没有把你绕晕？现在清楚了吗？来，自己说一遍！Exercise 61.Tom and Mike are good friends. _ often help each other.A. They B. Them C. Their D. Theirs2.-Is that your key, Tim?-No. Its not_. I think its Sams.A. I B. me C. my D. mine3. Mary is friendly. Id like to study with _.A. she B. her C. hers D. herself4. -May I put these books here, sir? -Yes, please. Just put _ on the shelf.A. they B. them C. their D. theirs5. My mother is a manager, and _ works in Lenovo in Zhongguancun. A. she B. he C. her D. him6. -_did you go for your holiday last year? -I went to Shenzhen. A. WhereB. WhenC. HowD. Why7