2011年中考任务型阅读技巧讲解及6篇典型训练.doc

2011年中考任务型阅读技巧讲解及6篇典型训练 任务型阅读理解是21世纪开始在我国各地的中考试卷中大量出现的新题型。任务型阅读理解题的出现与我国实施新课程、进行新课程改革的大环境直接有关，也与我国外语界最热火的任务型英语教学趋势相吻合。笔者，特此撰文介绍该新题形的特点和解题方法，希望能对同学们提高中考任务型阅读理解的解题能力有所裨益。 一、任务型阅读理解题解读任务型阅读阅读理解测试的主要体裁为应用文-广告，主要考查考生在有限的时间内根据不同的人的不同需要捕捉到相应的有效信息的能力。任务型阅读理解题所选文章题材真实可靠，内容贴近现代社会生活，涉及学生生活、富有时代气息，语言原汁原味。该题型主要考查考生是否能够有效地运用语言“做事”的能力，体现了语言能力、智力能力和社会经验等方面能力的有机结合。从某种意义上来说,这一题型的阅读理解实际上就是一道高水平的智能检测题综合检测考生的阅读、理解、分析、判断、跨文化交际知识以及心理感悟能力等。如果考生心理承受力比较弱,或者应试时头脑一时不那么开窍,恐怕很快就会感觉犹如“雾里看花”,似它而非它了；而且,考生对某一题的错误判断会影响其对其他题目作出正确的分析和判断，产生曼延作用。二、解题步骤任务型阅读理解题的解题的关键在于正确把握要求与符合要求的条件之间的一一对应关系，该类的“对应”可能是“主旨对应”,也可能是“情节对应”,还可以是“细节对应”等。同学们只要能够把握住这一原则就能轻松做好这种试题。 “一一对应阅读方法”的具体步骤如下：第一步：认真阅读背景介绍，了解话题或主题。第二步：仔细阅读题目，找出不同人物的不同要求，并在关键词下划线，以便有利于为后面的顺利解题创造良好的条件。第三：对照题目的要求，从选项中选出符合以上要求的对应条件。有时，只要顺着关键词的线索就能轻松找到正确的答案。第四步：快速对照要求和条件两条线索通读一遍，做到万无一失，提高答题的准确率。三、解题思路任务型阅读理解的解题难度比较大,干扰性强。该类阅读理解题的解题的关键在于正确把握住当事人的要求与符合其要求的条件之间的“一一对应”关系。以下是笔者总结的解题思路和解题体会：1、 快读以了解短文大意,明了题目要求。考生通过快速浏览文章首句、尾句和关键词语,来了解文段的大意并明确试题的具体要求,了解广告或海报的话题或主题,保证答题时不会出现离题现象,否则一错就很可能会错两到三题,严重影响答题的效果。接下来按照五个人不同的个人信息；对照要求匹配与之相适应的选项；A-E五个选项分别是五段材料的关键信息。2、 寻读时要依照题项信息,寻找匹配信息。考生首先要读懂题项,抓住关键信息,然后再带着所获关键信息,有针对性地寻找所需要的相关的匹配信息,对号入座,而不必句句都读。3、考生还得注意:每读一段话,做一道题,每确定一题的答案后,将该选项从列表中划去,以免在以后的选择中干扰视线,同时也将相应的短文划去,减少以后的阅读段落。俗话说得好：“解题有法， 但无定法，一定要得法。愿本文能对同学们解好任务型阅读理解题起到一定的 “抛砖引玉”的作用。【典型训练】1任务型阅读理解：仔细阅读下面的短文并按要求完成后面的小题。(5小题，每小题2分，共10分)Just as in face-to-face communication, there are some basic rules of behavior(行为) that should be followed on the Internet. The basic rule is simple: treat others in the same way you would want to be treated. Imagine how youd feel if you were in the other persons shoes.For anything youre about to send: ask yourself, “ Would I say that to the persons face?” If the answer is no, rewrite and reread. If someone in the chat room is rude to you, you neednt to fire back. You should either ignore(不理睬) the person, or use your chat software to block their messages. Remember to respect the beliefs and opinions of others in the chat room.Offer advice when asked by newcomers, as they may not be sure what to do or how to communicate. When someone makes a mistake, be kind about it. If you do decide to tell someone about the mistake, point it out politely. At the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended(冒犯).询问别人诸如年龄、性别和家庭情况等隐私问题是不礼貌的。Unless you know the person very well, and you are both comfortable with sharing personal information, or dont ask such questions.76. In the chat room we must respect others _ and _.77. When you find you make a mistake in the chat room, what should you do?_78.将划线部分翻译成汉语_79.选择一个适当的句子放在处_A. First impressions last longest. B. Everyone was new to the network once.C. The internet has opened up a whole new world for us.D. Even if you feel strongly about it, think twice before saying anything.80.将划线部分翻译成英语：_Key：76. beliefs, opinions77. I should correct myself and apologize to those that I have offended.78. 你要设身处地为别人着想。79. B80. It is impolite to task others personal questions such as their age, sex and families.2任务性阅读(本题共10分，每空1分)阅读短文。然后根据题目要求及所给语境完成下列四项任务。 Co-operation(合作)is always needed when you make a project that the teacher gives youFirst，discuss all you would like to do with your classmatesChoose one of the members to writedown what!youre talking aboutThen，with the ideas you get，list all you wantEveryone shares tlle duty for the projectYou can collect information not only from books but also on the IntemetMaking a sunrey(调查)and doing a research are also good waysAfter that，all the members put what has been found togetherTry to make the project more wellorganizedIn the end，you can give a report in front of your class to show the results of your hard work根据英文释义及首字母提示。拼写单词。71.i_plan；opinion 72.s_use，pay or have something with others同义旬转换。每空一词。 You can collect information not only from books but also on the Intemet You Can collect information 73_from books 74_on the Intemet根据短文内容简答问题。 What can you give in front of your class to show the results of your hard work? 75_Key：71idea 72share 73both 74and 75A report3任务型阅读（共7小题；每小题2分，满分14分）A阅读下面短文，根据所给语境，按要求完成下列各题。The first walk into outer space was taken by a Soviet astronaut. Astronaut Zhai Zhigang became the first Chinese to walk in space on September 27,2008. It showed that it was quite safe for a man to be outside the spaceship for a certain period of time. But to walk in space, astronauts have to meet with many kinds of difficulties and dangers.The spaceship goes round the earth at an altitude (海拔高度) of about 200 kilometers above its surface. At such altitudes there is no atmosphere which prtects the life on the earth. The conditions of outer space are very harmful to man.The boiling point of liquids (液体) goes down with pressure. But pressure outside the spaceship is nearly zero. In such conditions the decompression (减压) of the spacesuit may cause the boiling of the blood and quick death. There is radiation from space and it is armful.Breathing problems in space can be solved with the help of the spacesuit. Another problem is heat. Man gives off heat in the course (过程) of his activity, and the harder the labor (劳动) is, the greater the amount (总量) of heat is. In space unless special measures are taken, the heat inside the spacesuit would make the conditions difficult.74. 根据处完成下面的句子。（每空一词）Zhai Zhigang became the first Chinese astronaut _ _ in space on September 27, 2008.75. 根据短文内容，完成下面的句子。（每空一词）The altitude is so _ that there is no atmosphere which protects the life on the earth. At the same time, the astronauts usually meet with some problems, such as _ problem, radiation problem, breathing problem, heat problem and so on.76. 将处翻译成汉语。 _4As we know, Xiao Shenyang and Liu Qian did wonderful jobs in the CCTV Spring Festival Gala. Now many people are crazy about these two persons. But how much do you know about them?Xiao Shenyang was born in a poor peasant family which is in difficult family conditions. His real name is Shen He. He is an actor. He is good at Er Ren Zhuan. He learned acts, following Zhao Benshan. During the school life, he was very active in many activities. He looks like a simple man, but he never stops pursuing (追求) his artistic aspiration (渴望). More and more people like his style of performance, and we hope he can make great progress in the future.Liu Qian is a young magician from Taiwan. At the age of 7, Liu saw a cute magic toy in a shop. At that moment he began to love and decided to learn magic. Liu didnt go to any magic school. he practiced tricks every day to improve his skills, until one day he was able to put on a show for his class. He saw the surprise on everyones face, and he felt it was cool. He often does street shows for passers-by, police and farmers. He worked hard at it. Now he is a famous magician.任务：请阅读这篇短文，根据短文内容完成下面表格中关于小沈阳和刘谦的信息。Xiao ShenyangLiu QianJob An actorA young magician from TaiwanHow to succeedHe learned acts, following Zhao Benshan.During the school life, he 78._.He looks like 80._. But he never stops pursuing the artistic aspiration.He always learned magic 77._ at the beginning.At his show for his class, he found everyone 79._ and he felt it was cool.He often does street shows for people. He works hard at it.Key：74. that walked75. high, pressure76. 在太空如果不采取特殊措施，宇航服里的热量问题就会导致（宇航员的生存）条件（更加）困难。/在太空除非采取特殊措施，宇航服里的热量问题会导致（宇航员的生存）条件（更加）困难。/在太空除非采取特殊措施，否则宇航服里的热量问题会就导致（宇航员的生存）条件（更加）困难。/在太空，宇航服里的热量问题会导致（宇航员的生存）条件（更加）困难，除非采取特殊措施， /77. by himself78. joined in / took (active) part in / was very active in many activities79. (was) surprised 80. a simple man5任务型阅读(共5小题；每小题l分，满分5分) 在生活中，我们经常会遇到一些令人不愉快的事情，应该如何解决呢?以下是网站 提供的几个问题及其解决办法，请你给予合理的配对。Problems: 71. Some people always smoke in public places. 72. The No. 16 bus is always late. 73. Some people always drop litter everywhere in our neighborhood. 74. Some students talk loudly in the library. 75. My parents hope I stay at home and study all day, even at weekends. Solutions:A. Tell them that we need to relax after studying for a long time or ask our teacher for help.B. Tell them politely to keep quiet.C. Put up some posters to ask them not to litter. If someone is found dropping litter, punish him badly D. We could say politely Excuse me, could you please put out your cigarette?E. Call the bus company and ask for the better service.Key：71. D 72.