高考英语书面表达写作技巧及几种典型的作文开头引述方法.doc

如何提高英语书面表达能力、多积累一些常用的、精彩的词、短语、句子。 1.积累一个词，应该要同时掌握这个词的用法。记单词不能光记它的表面意思，而应深入了解它的适用语境、常用搭配、习惯用法等，这样才算真正掌握了一个词。例如“Actually,no rules of the game states you must do anything”这个句子中，查字典了解到“state”一词意思是“表明、说明”，在这里作及物动词，用法之一是“state”。以后在写作中要表达“考试中取得高分表明你学习取得了很大进步”便可翻译成“The high marks of the tests state youve made great progress in your studies”。 2.对一些精彩的句子应摘抄下来，熟读成诵，并有意识地将它们应用到自己的习作中去。这里说的“精彩”，并不是专指那些生僻的、羞涩难懂的句子，而是一些表达方式新颖、生动形象的句子。例如The Climate & Clothing of the UK一文中有一句“September may find you eating your lunch on some grassy spot in the sun one day and trying to shelter from the rain under an umbrella that has turned itself inside-out in a howling gale the next!”这个句子尽管长却不难理解，正是由于其倒装句式的妙用。假如将它变成一般性的陈述句便是“In September you may be eating lunch on some grassy spot one day and the next day you may be trying to shelter from the rain under an umbrella that has turned itself inside-out in a howling gale.”这样的陈述句就显得单调枯燥。一些原汁原味的英文习作之所以读起来更有味道，其中一个很重要的原因就是它们综合运用了不同的表达方式，能变换句式，避免重复哆嗦。有意识地多积累一些这样的精彩句子，并应用到自己的习作中去，便可摆脱那种“单一陈述”型的模式，使自己的文章更有活力。 、恰当运用过渡词 恰当运用过渡词可以使文章结构紧凑，过渡自然，避免脱节现象。时间上的衔接词有“then、as time goes by、day after day、gradually、finally”等，表因果关系的有“as a result、because of、thanks to”等 对于这样一段话“Usually if you read the weather forcast in the newspaper,it will help you to predict how the day will turn out.But its not so in Britain.”应用连接词“contrary to ”和变换一下句式，将其变为“Contrary to popular belief,reading the weather forcast carefully in the newspaper will not help you to predict how the day will turn out”则显得更简洁、更紧凑。可见恰当应用连接词和变换句式可以收到“以少量词表达出丰富意思”的效果。 、恰当运用修辞 众所周知，恰当的修辞可以使文章更生动形象。我们高中写的大多是记叙文，这就有了比喻、拟人等修辞方法应该发挥作用的地方。有这样一幅图画，上面画的是一块从一个下水渠口飞出的一块西瓜砸中小明（肇事者，是他扔西瓜下下水渠的。但是下水渠里有修理工，他也把西瓜扔了出来。）多数同学描述为“Xiaoming was hit by the piece of water-melon”或“The piece of water-melon hit Xiaoming on his head”。若用上比喻拟人修辞，则可描述为“The piece of water-melon,like a flying bullet,whose target was Xiaomings head,jumped out of the cloaca（下水道） and hit exactly on its target.” 显而易见后者更生动形象。 总的来说，要提高自己的英语写作能力，必须多精读、泛读，积累精彩的单词、短语、句子，并尽可能地运用到自己的习作中去，多模仿一些原汁原味的文章，这样才能使自己的写作水平跃上一个新台阶。几种典型的作文开头引述方法Type1引述他人观点（为提出自己观点铺垫） 1 It is widely(commonly) accepted(hold)+THAT 2 A widely accepted(commonly) hold idea(point of view,viewpoint, opinion,assumption)is +THAT/NP 3 A/The dominant(prevalent, prevailing)idea(see 2)is NP/to DO 4 It is taken for granted+THAT(or:We often/frequently take it for granted THAT) 5 People(The majority) seem to get accustomed to the idea(see 2),without questioning,THAT 6 People are willing to regard NP1 as NP2/ADJ 7 People are willing to DO,while reluctant to DO Type2提出异议 1 However (But), 2 Such idea(see1-2),if not entirely ADJ1,is somewhat ADJ2 and needs careful consideration. ADJI=unreasonable,unacceptable, inappropriate,improper,undesirable, etc; ADJ2=misleading,doubtrul, etc 3 In fact(As a matter of fact),(follow2) 4 However, it is not (quite, necessarily)the case. 5 This (It) is not (quite, necessarily) the case and needs to bo fruther considered/discussed.(or:further consideration/discussion) Type3论述的展开：说明原因和理由，层进，举例，转折 1 The reason lies in several aspects, 2 The reason why+clause+1, underlined 3 There are several remarkable reasons. 4 层进in addition, besides, fruthermore, whats more, on the other hand, meanwhile, for one thingfor another; finally, above all, in short. 5 举例for example, for instance, such (general term) as (specific terms),a typical (striking) example is that, a case in point 6 转折however, but, nevertheless,on the contrary 7 条件if , provided that, unless, as long as,etc Type4 就而言；关于 1 as far as is/are concemed: As far as current situation is concerned 2 as t the problem as to NP有关的问题 Type5问题 1 Although much effort has been made, the situation is far from satisfactory (or: the problem remains unsolved, little improvement has been achieved) 2 There is a tendency, as recent study (investigation) has pointed out (shown, revealed, indicated),+THAT 3 There is growing concern about +NP 4 It will inevitably (is likely to )result in (lead to ) unwanted (serious) consequence (or NP) 5 Unfortunately, 6 We will not be able to afford the risk of overlooking the seriousness of the matter. 7 The process, once initiated, is most likely irreversible. 8 We are constantly (frequently) faced with NP TYPE6重要与必要；（应）注意与重视 1 NP1 is of great importance (necessity, value) in NP2 (or: NP is of enormous significance) 2 The importance (necessity) of NP (to do sth.) lies in (the fact) that 3 NP1 plays, as is known, an irreplaceably important role in NP2 4 The irreplaceably important role NP1 plays in NP2 is significant (obvous) 5 NP1 is an indispensable part of NP2 6 It is important (necessary) to DO (or:THAT) 7 Special attention should be pay to (or: We should pay special attention to) 8 What we should take into consideration is +NP Type7行动 1(immediate, emergent, effective) Measures are being taken (has been taken, should be taken) to DO 3 We have made much effort, there is still more we need to make (cf. We have learnt a lot, there is much more we need to lea123) Type8二择其一 1 If it were left for me to decide whether (wh-clause),I would, without hesitation, choose+to DO (or: I would prefer the former/the latter) 2 To DO/NP is a matter of prerence. 3 It is difficult to make a choice for one can hardly gain most without losing any. 4 The difficulty lies in the fact that the advantages and disadvantages of both cases are equally obvious. 5 In fact, we may well preserve a delicate balance or compromise between the two than go to extreme. 6 It is not sensible to exclude one of the choices completely 7 (of