上册Lesson15.doc

Lesson FifteenUnreality of TV打印本页一、 词汇unreality n. 不真实（性） reality n. 现实 violence n. 暴力 present v. 显示，展现；描述 show n. 节目，表演 television show 电视节目 show v. 上演（戏剧等），放映（电影） park v. 停放（车子等） very adv. 真正地，完全地 back v. 使倒退，使后退；倒退，后退 available adj. 可得到的；可利用的，现成的 block n. 街区；建筑群 distorted adj. 被歪曲的，被曲解的 doorman n. 门卫 screen n. 荧屏，屏幕 nonsense n. 胡说八道，废话；无意义的话或行为 rain-swept adj. 大雨滂沱的 gangster n. 匪徒，歹徒 kid n. （口语）小孩；年轻人 bandage v. 用绷带包扎 defend v. 为辩护 defendant n. 被告 innocent adj. 无罪的，无辜的 plead v. （法律）辩解 guilty adj. 有罪的，内疚的 D.A. abbr. （美District Attorney的缩写）地方检察官 harm n. 损害，伤害 harmful adj. 有害的 advertisement n. 广告 mouthwash n. 漱口剂；洗口药 mate n. 伴侣 二、课文分析Dr. Heinrich Applebaum recently completed a study on the effects of television on children. It is not about violence, but about how television gives children a false sense of reality.Applebaum博士最近完成了一项关于电视节目对儿童影响的调查报告。（这种影响）不是暴力，而是电视节目给孩子们造成对现实的错觉。notbut 不是而是Dr. Applebaum told me, The greatest danger of television is that it presents a world to children that doesnt exist, and leads them to expect things that never happen.Applebaum博士告诉我：电视对孩子的最大危害是它呈现了一个非真实的世界，使得他们期盼着永远也不会发生的事。I dont understand, Doctor, I said.Well, let me give you one example. Have you ever seen a television show where a person in a car doesnt immediately find a parking place on the very first try?where a person in a car doesnt是定语从句，修饰a television showparking place 停车位on the very first try：头一次（试做某事）very 常用来强调某些形容词的最高级形式以及像first，last，same等词。Come to think of it, I said, I havent.Come to think of it：相当于汉语的真的，想想还真是如此。Not only is there always a parking place, but the driver doesnt even have to back into it. There are two parking spaces for him when he needs one. Children are being led to believe that when they grow up they will always be able to find a parking place available when and where they want it. You can imagine how bad they will feel when they discover that in real life they can drive around a block for three hours and still cant find a place to park their car.“那里不但总有一个空车位，而且开车的人还不必费事把车倒进去。当他需要一个车位时，总有两个车位空在那里。这样，孩子们就被引导着相信当他们长大后，无论何时何地想停车，他们都能找到车位。你可以想象到当他们在现实生活中绕着一个街区开了三个小时的车还找不到一个车位时，会是多么糟糕。”Not onlybut (also)I never thought of it, but its true. What else do they show on television which gives a distorted picture of the real world?“我从来没有想到过，但的确是真的。还有哪些电视节目扭曲地反映了现实生活？”Have you noticed that whenever a person walks out of a restaurant or office building and says to the doorman, Get me a taxi, the taxi immediately arrives? I have never seen a TV show where the doorman has said, I m sorry. I cant get you a taxi. Youd better take the bus. “您注意到没有，不管一个人何时从餐厅或办公楼出来对门卫说：给我叫辆出租车，出租车就会招之即来？我从没在电视上听到过门卫说：很抱歉，先生。我叫不到车。你还是坐公共汽车吧。”Of course, I said, I never noticed that. There is always a yellow taxi waiting somewhere off the TV screen.的确是，我说，我从来没有注意到这一点。“荧屏外总有一辆黄色的出租车待命。”Now, said Applebaum, have you ever said to a taxi driver, Follow that car and dont lose him?那么，Applebaum博士说，你有没有对出租车司机说过跟上那辆车，别让那人溜了？Not really.Well, if you had, the driver would have told you not to talk nonsense. No taxi driver wants to follow another car because that means hes going to get into trouble. But on TV every taxi driver looks as if he had nothing better to do than to drive 90 miles an hour through rain-swept street trying to keep up with a carful of gangsters. And the worst thing is that the kids believe it.“如果你真要这么对司机说，他一定会叫你别胡扯。没有哪个出租车司机愿意跟踪别的车，因为这会惹麻烦。但在电视节目里，出租车司机好像没有别的事可干，个个都情愿以每小时90英里的速度在大雨滂沱的马路上奔驰，尾随满载歹徒的车辆。最糟糕的是孩子们都相信这是真的。”have nothing better to do than to do 除了做以外没有别的事可干Henry seems to have nothing better to do than to tell jokes.除了说笑话，亨利好像就没别的事可干了。I think some old people have nothing better to do than to complain about their unhappiness.我觉得有些老人除了抱怨自己不愉快的事情之外就不知道做别的。What else have you discovered?Kids have a false sense of what emergency wards of hospitals are really like. On TV shows they take a kid to an emergency ward and four doctors come rushing down to bandage his leg. In a real life situation the kid would be sitting on the bench for two hours before he even saw a nurse. On TV there always happens to be a hospital bed available when a kid needs it. What the kids in this country dont know is that sometimes you have to wait three days to get a hospital bed and then you have to pay 500 dollars down before they give it to you. “孩子们对医院里急救室的真实情况也产生错觉。电视里，当人们带着孩子去急救室时，会有四名医生急冲冲地过来给孩子包扎腿部。在现实生活中这孩子会坐在长凳子上等两个小时才能见到一位护士。电视里，当一个孩子需要床位时，总是恰好有一个床位留着给他用。这些孩子不知道：在美国，有的时候你不得不等上三天才能等到一个床位，而且得先交500美元的首付款才能得到它。”pay down 首付If you move into the house now, you have to pay 5,000 yuan down.如果你现在搬进这座房子，你得先交5,000元。This is only the down payment and you are to pay the rest by the end of the year.这只是首期付款，余下的要在年底付清。Applebaum said the cruelest lie of all is when TV shows a lawyer defending someone innocent of a crime. Applebaum说，最残酷的谎言就是电视节目表现一位律师为一无辜的被告辩护。 On the screen the lawyer spends day and night looking for evidence to prove the person is innocent. In real life the lawyer says to the defendant, Look, Ive got 20 minutes. Tell me your story and then Ill plead you guilty and make a deal with the D.A. The defendant might say, But Im innocent. The lawyer would say, So what? I cant afford to find that out. Im not Perry Mason.“荧屏上律师夜以继日地查找证据以证明被告无罪。而在现实生活中，律师往往会对被告说：我现在有20分钟的时间。赶紧把你的情况告诉我，我按你有罪为你辩护，然后与地方检察官做笔交易了事。被告会说：但是我是清白的啊。律师就会说：那又怎么样？我可赔不起时间去给你查清楚。我可不是佩里梅森。”Then what youre saying, Dr. Applebaum, is that it isnt the violence on TV but the unreality that is doing harm to children. “那么，Applebaum博士，你的意思不是说电视中的暴力画面给孩子造成了危害，而是电视里的非真实性对孩子造成了危害？”Exactly. Even the advertisements are harmful. “确实是这样。即使是广告也非常有害。Children are led to believe that when they grow up if they use a certain mouthwash theyll find the mate of their dreams. When they dont find him or her after washing their mouth all night, they fall into a difficult situation and many of them never come out of it.they fall into a difficult situation and many of them never come out of it：他们就会陷入苦闷之中，其中不少人永远也不能摆脱出来。三、语法与练习常用短语：notbut 不是而是（连接的句子成分形式必须一致） It is not that he wants to tell lies but that he dare not speak the truth. 不是他愿意说谎，而是他不敢说实话。（连接两个从句） We study English not to please our parents but to become a more useful person.我们学英语不是为了取悦父母，而是为了更有作为。（连接两个不定式）not only but (also) 不但而且 cite an example 引用一个例子，举例 on the first try 第一次尝试 think of 考虑，想想；想到，想起 grow up 长大，成长 get into trouble 陷入困境，招惹麻烦 keep up with 赶上，跟上 be innocent of 没犯罪 make a deal (with) 做交易，达成协议 cannot afford sth./to do 没有足够的（钱、时间）做 do harm /good to 对有害（或益） lead sb. (on ) to do 影响某人使其做某事，导致某人做某事 Advertisements often lead people (on) to buy things they dont need. had better (do ) 应该做某事；最好做某事 What is /looks like 是何物，是什么样子 pay down/pay down 付押金；付定金；即刻支付 动词句型：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语（名词/名词短语）I consider Linda my best friend.Our teacher declared him the winner.The boss made Mr. Brown chairman of the department.词汇练习：1. 根据下列构词法规则完成以下练习。*动词+ant/ent 构成名词。contestant 比赛者 correspondent 通讯员deterrent 制止物 informant 提供消息或情报的人*名词/形容词+-ster 构成名词。语法：1 带有疑问性质的名词性从句，这类名词性从句有的是间接疑问句，有的是由疑问句演变而成的。Kids have a false sense of what emergency wards of hospitals are really like.孩子们对医院里急救室的真实情况有错误的认识。2. 不带疑问性质的名词从句。When, where and whom she should marry is entirely a personal matter.何时、何地、和谁结婚完全是她个人的私事。3. 名词从句的用法。1）主语从句由that 引导：That Henry was a Ground seemed very strange to everyone. It was surprising that they offered no explanations.由what等疑问词引导What is done cannot be undone.2）表语从句It is exactly what I have been looking for.The trouble is that we cannot find anyone to take care of our baby.This is where the secret agent was caught red-handed.Books to him are what air is to man and water to fish.3）宾语从句4）同位语从句The fact that the man is guilty is clear to everyone.They held the belief that the earth moved around the sun.We were delighted at the news that our team had won.区分定语从句与同位语从句：例：The idea that girls are not as clever as boys is harmful.（同位语从句）The idea that struck him startled his parents.（定语从句）补充练习1.Students with _ problems may apply for student loans.A. economic B. financial C. male D. economical2.Both sugar and salt can _in water.A. desert B. absorb C. dissolveD. involve3.I have not heard anything from him since his _.A. departure B. fault C. foundation D. acceptance4.Without a proper education, people could _ all kinds of crimes.A. conduct B. stoop C. commit D. sweat5.Several loudspeakers are _ from the ceiling and we can hear the speaker very clearly.A. connectedB. sustained C. associatedD. suspended6.This morning in the class, our teacher lost his _ at last because he could not stand any more.A. temperB. terror C. verse D. contain7.It is not _ for me to return all the books to the library now because I still need some of them for my research.A. continuous B. difficult C. convenient D. sufficient8.When traveling alone in the mountains, youd better take a _ with you in case you get lost.A. compass B. compressC. complex D. campus9.As a teacher, you should not _ the students from asking questions in class.A. ruin B. restrainC. import D. impose 10.If you have any problems during your study here, please do not _ to call me for help.A. hesitate B. despair C. urgeD. request答案：1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.A作业1、熟练掌握单词和常用短语，熟读课文两遍以上。2、P355回答课文问题，请将问题变为陈述句并写下答案。3、完成Page356-Page359课后作业4、完成Page366-368语法作业第二学时（一）回答课文问题P355第2题. According to him what is the greatest danger of television?In the Unreality of TV, Dr. Applebaum thinks the greatest danger of television lies in that it presents to children a world that doesnt exist and leads them to expect things that never happen.第7题. What lies does TV tell about lawyers? What is the situation like in real life?On the screen, the lawyer spends endless time looking for evidence to prove his defendant innocent, but in real life a lawyer never works so hard.第8题. Which is doing more harm to children according to Dr. Applebaum, the violence on the screen or the unreality?The unreality is doing more harm to Children than the violence.Translate the following Passage into English.将下面短文译成英语。阿普尔鲍姆博士认为电视对孩子们最大的危险是其不真实性。电视向他们展现的是与现实不符的虚假情况。比如，在荧屏上出租车司机都很礼貌，你想上哪里就送你去哪里。而现实生活中，这样的司机是很难找到的。此外，现实生活中，在医院里你根本得不到荧屏上所显示的那样好的服务。还有，荧屏上的律师与现实生活中的律师也大相径庭。现实生活中没有哪个律师会夜以继日地寻找证据来证明他们的当事人（client）无罪，除非当事人能出大价钱。最后阿普尔鲍姆博士得出结论说，要是孩子们在这种虚幻的情况（unreality）下长大成人，他们以后就不能应付困难的处境。Dr. Applebaum thinks that the greatest danger of TV to children n is unreality.false 不真实give sb. false picture 给某人呈现虚假的情况Television gives children a false picture of reality.For example, on the television screen the taxi drivers all are very polite, and ready to take you wherever you want to go. But in reality such drivers are very hard to find. Also, in real-life you can never get the kind of good service in hospital as on TV. And, lawyers on the screen and those in reality are totally different. Few lawyers in real-life will spend day and night looking for evidence to prove his defendant innocent, unless his client pays him a lot of money. Finally Doctor Applebaum concludes that if they are brought up in such situation they will not face difficulty when they grow up.1. Vocabulary Exercises1） 根据下列构词法规则完成以下练习。动词 +-ant/-ent （从事的人；施行某作用的事物） 名词名词 / 形容词 +-ser （从事的人；与有关的人；有品性的人） 名词将 -ant/ent 加在下列单词后面构成名词，必要时适当更改单词拼写。（1） participate 参与 participant 参与者assist 帮助 assistant 助手serve 服务 servant 仆人occupy 占有 occupant 占有者（2） emigrate 移民 emigrant 移民reside 居住 resident 居民defend defendant 被告immigrate 使移居入境 immigrant 移民import 进口export 出口2） 将下列句子译成英语。用课文中的词或词组。（1）他第一次尝试就成功了。succeedsuccessfulHe succeeded on the very first try.（2）我非常想念你，时常想起你。I miss you so much and always think of you.（3）你若再违反法律，你会惹出大麻烦的。If you break the law again, you will get in a big trouble.（4）在国外，他们每天读报来跟上国内的形势。abroad 在国外In foreign countries.In foreign countries, they read the newspaper everyday to keep up with the situation at home.（5）大家都认为他没有犯谋杀罪。be innocent of 没有犯Everybody believes that he is innocent of murder.（6）这两家公司在经过长时间的讨论后达成了协议。This two companies made a deal after a long discussion.（7）在那个村庄现在还有人买不起电视机。cant afford to do 买不起There are still some people who cant afford to buy a TV in that village.（8）躺在床上看书对你的眼睛是有害的。It is harmful for you to read books in bed.do harm to=harmfulReading in bed does harm to your eyes.（9）你最好举出一个例子来证明你的观点。 You had better give an example to prove your viewpoint.（10）一个国家的问题往往会对全球产生巨大的影响。have effect onThe problem of one country often have a great effect on the whole world.（11）那年他不仅给家乡修建了一所学校，而且还向一被淹地区的人民伸出援助之手。That year he not only built a school for his hometown, but also lent a helping hand to the people in the flooded area.（12）消费者常常受误导，结果买的东西往往超过所需。Consumers are often mislead to buy more than they need.2.Verb Pattern 15 （动词句型 15）主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补语（名词/名词短语）I consider Linda my best friend.Our teacher declared him the winner.The boss made Mr. Brown chairman of the department.注意：用于这一句型的动词可用于被动结构。如：He was declared the winner （by the teacher）.用本课的动词句型15 。（1）我们都叫他弗兰克。We all call him Frank.（2）他证明自己是一个好司机。He proves himself to be a good driver.（3）学生们认为他是一个好老师。The students think him a good teacher.3）用方框里的单词填空。sick: 生病。 ill: 生病（不能作定语）。（1） He didnt come to class because he was （ill/sick）.（2） She stayed at home for a week to look after her （sick） child.borrow sth. （from sb.） : 向借（某物）。lend （sb.） sth./lend sth. （to sb.） : 借给（某人）（某物）。（3） A selfish person loves to （borrow） but （hates） to （lend） .（4） You dont have to buy the book. There are plenty of copies in the library. Just go and （borrow） one.（5） The bank （lend） people money to buy houses and cars.（6） Can I （borrow） your bike for the weekend?discover: 发现（一直存在但不为人知之事或物）。invent: 发明（创造出前所未有之物）。（7） Do you know who （invent） the computer?（8） Columbus （discovered） America in 1492.（9） Paper was （invented） in China almost a thousand years ago.（10） What did Newton （discover） one day when an apple fell on his head?accept: 接受，收受。 receive: 收到。（11） He （received） a letter of thanks and a check （支票） . He （accepted） their thanks but not the money.（12） This telephone （accepts） only ten-cent coins.4）用方框里的单词填空，每词限用一次。happening 发生 nod 点头carry 拿着make 使receive 收到exchanging 交换inonwhatwhichCommunication （交流） takes place when you speak, write a letter, or （1）（make） a telephone call. People often communicate by （2）（exchanging） words. Their words （3）（carry） messages. But people also communicate without words. A smile （4）（on） your face shows you are happy or friendly. Tears （5）（in） your eyes tell others that you are sad or moved. When you shake your head, people know you are saying “No”. When you （6）（nod） , they understand that you are saying “Yes”. You （7）（receive） message from a lot of signs around you. For example, signs at bus stops help you to find （8）（which） bus to take. Shop signs show （9）（what） the shops sell. Books, magazines, newspapers, etc. are all forms of communication. They tell us what is （10）（happening） in other parts of our country and other parts of the world.3. Grammar Exercises 语法练习1）选择正确的词完成下列句子。（1）（Why）（What, Why） he did this is not known.（2）（Whether）（Whether, That） you take the job or leave it makes a lot of difference.（3） This is （where）（where, wherever） the accident happened.（4） It is unlikely （that）（that, which） he will become a manager in two years.（5） What surprised me was （that）（that, which） he couldnt speak a word of English though he was brought up in Britain.（6） The Chinese people are proud of （what）（that, what） they have achieved in the past twenty years.（7） It is strange （that）（what, that） you should believe （what）（what, that） a cheat said.（8） It is believed （that）（that, which） he can do the work of three men.（9） The question is （who）（who, that） is going to be in charge when he leaves.（10） We have the feeling （that）（which, that） he doesnt like the way some of his students speak to him.2）用名词从句改写下列句子。例如： He said something but no one understood him. （what） No one understood what he said.（1） Any person who breaks the law is to be punished. （whoever） Whoever breaks the law is to be