同等学力核心词汇(上).doc

清华在线 62781166同等学力核心词汇（上）1 abandon vt. 放弃；遗弃，抛弃；离弃，丢弃abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 He abandoned smoking. 他戒烟了。abandon oneself to sth. (/be addicted to) He abandoned himself to computer games.他沉溺于电脑游戏中。相关词汇或短语对比：abandon 常指因迫不得已而放弃; 放弃对物或人的拥有的权力，强调永远且完全地“放弃” They had to abandon the ship when the fire got out of control. She has abandoned the bad habit.desert “舍弃，抛弃”，强调违背诺言，逃避义务，书面意味较浓。 He deserted his wife and went abroad.give up “放弃”，多用于口语，后接物时可以与abandon通用 give up smoking / ones hopequit “放弃，停止” 指突然放弃习惯，做法或权力 quit ones job quit smoking常接动名词的动词有：abandon, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, bear, cant help, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, endure, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, feel like, finish, involve, mind, miss, permit, practise, quit, resist, risk.2. abide by 正式用语，“忠于，遵守” Ill abide by my promise (decision). He has to abide by the consequences. 他必须忍受后果。（只用于指不良后果） obey “服从，执行，遵守”，指人或命令 obey an officer, obey orders confirm with “遵守”（条约或任命） The government had to comfirmed with the treaty. They were willing to confirm with the appointment.3. abolish “废除，革除” 指战争，奴役，旧习俗 Negro slavery was abolished. We have to abolish the old customs, such as feudal superstiton. eliminate “除去，淘汰，剔除” eliminate sth. from We have to eliminate the informal words from the paper. They eliminated the possibility that he did not get the news get/be rid of sth./sb. “摆脱，解脱，除去” People in Beijing try hard to get rid of the cockroaches. How can we get rid of this unwelcome visitor? 4. abundant/plentiful “很多的，丰富的，充裕的” They have abundant proof of his guilt. be abundant/rich in “富裕，富有” Shanxi Province is abundant in coal. This area is abundant in fruit. plenty of “大量的，丰富的” There are plenty of books for CET Band Four. We must get to the airport in plenty of time. enough “足够的，足够地” We have enough time to get to the airport. He is tall enough to reach the dictionary on the shelf. 5. access n. “接近的权利（方法或机会等）；通道，入口；接近，进入”As a reporter, he has access to the president.The only access to the village is by climbing the mountain.gain/have access to sth. 可获得，接近；利用的权力（机会）With the rapid development of IT and information industry, a lot of people have access to mobile phones. （四六级 研究生考试考过）excess n. & adj an excess of “超过，过度” an excess of input over output in excess of “多余，超过” Lugguage in excess of 60 kg will be charged at the airport.to excess “过度” She is kind to excess. He has to pay excess fare for his lugguage.6. accord v. (give) “与相配合，一致，符合” His behaviour doesnt accord with what he said.“给予，赠与，赐予”（正式文体，用法与give 相同） accord sb. permissionaccord permission to sb. He was asked to accord the reasons for having been late. award “给予，授予” （通常指官方给予或授予，用法与accord 和give相同） award sb. sth. award sth. to sb. He was awarded the Nobel Prize.reward “酬谢，奖赏”（通常指某人作了好事或有益的事或者提供某种服务而受到奖赏或得到报酬）The man rewarded the girl for returning his lost wallet.7. account n. & v. on no account “绝不”（放在句首时，句子主谓部分倒装） On no account should I give up. on account of “因为，由于” He works hard on account of his mother. take sth. /sb into account (同take sth./sb. into consideration) Taking all the factors into account, he came to the conclusion.account for “解释，说明” （同explain） The following factors may account for the rapid changes that happened in China.8. accumulate v. “堆积，积累” Snow accumulates soon. By buying five books every week, he soon accumulated a library. The whole family accumulated good fame.gather “聚集，收集”A crowd soon gathered around him.He gathered the relevant data together.collect “收集”The man began collecting stamps when he was a boy.9. accuse sb. of (doing) sth. “控告，指控” charge with accuse sb. of theft He was accused of murdering. He was charged with murder. He charged her with neglecting her duty.10. acute adj. “敏锐的，急剧的，急性的” Dogs have an acute smell. A bad tooth can cause acute pain. Pneumonia is an acute disease. SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome sharp adj. “尖的，轮廓鲜明的，急剧的，” a sharp knife a sharp outline a sharp turn She is a sharp girl. Are you sharp with your children ? Its 9 oclock sharp.第二讲 11adhere to 坚持 = insist on He decided to adhere to his promise.We adhere to our programme.adhere to “粘着，附着”（正式用语）= stick to Glue can make a stamp adhere to the envelope.12. advocate vt. 倡导，提倡，主张 =speak for advocate sth. /doing sth. He advocates keeping all the employees working hard with happiness. 我们主张改变政策。 We advocate the change of the policy. 13. allocate vt. 分配，配给，拨给 They allocated the work to ten persons. She allocated a sum of money to the poor children. The mayor allocated $100,000 for the new hospital.14. alternate v. 轮流，交替 change with Day alternates with night Heavy rains alternate with bursts of sunshine. Hope and fear alternate in her breast. He alternated between work and sleep. He alternated jobs. She alternated kindness with severity.15. amplify vt. 扩大 enlarge The tunnel amplified the noise. We must emplify our effort by working harder. 16.altitude 高度，海拔 =height attitude 态度 latitude 纬度 longitude 经度 multitude 多数solitude 孤独17. antique adj. 古代的，年代久远的 / old / ancient The old man has a collection of antique furniture. I like the antique art much better.18. appalling shocking When will this appalling war end ? The results of the air attack were appalling.19. apparatus 仪器，器械，装置 （包括机器，仪表，工具等） a piece of apparatus This apparatus can purify water. equipment 设备，装备品 The equipment in the listening laboratory took time and money.The factory has modern equipment. appliance 器械，器具medical appliances 医疗器械electrical appliances/household appliances 家用电器The kitchen is equipped with modern appliances.20. appraisal n. 估计，估价 =evaluationWhats your appraisal of the situation?He admitted the soundness of the appraisal.21. appropriate adj. 适当的，合适的 proper It is appropriate that sb. (should) do be appropriate for/to It is appropriate that college students get in touch with the outside world by taking part-time jobs. 此类的形容词还有：important, vital, necessary, crucial, desirable, essential, urgent, advisable, requested, preferable 等 Leisure suits are not appropriate for job interviews. Write in a style appropriate to your subject.22. assert vt. 声称，断言 /state / declare He asserted his innocence. (He asserted that he was innocent.) They asserted the news to be true.23. assess vt. 估定，评定（价值，数值） =evaluate He was sent to assess the value of the house. Damages were assessed at $ 100,000. 很难估计这个决定的重要性。 It is difficult to assess the importance of the decision.24. assume vt. 假定, 认为 =suppose assume that I assume that she has received my short message. We assume that he is innocent. He is not such a fool as you assumed him to be. Assuming it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?25. asylum n. 庇护所，避难所 hiding place The abandoned children were put into an asylum. They are seeking asylum. asylum seeker refugee26. be attached to 为爱或感情所束缚，爱慕，依恋 She was so attached to her home. The fans are so attached to the young singers. attach importance to sth. 重视。，认为。是重要的 Nowadays people attach great importance to environmental protection. attach sth. to sth. 把附在/贴在上 He attached his resume to the email.27. attain vt. 达到（目的等） = reach the goal He attained success through hard work. Finally, he attained the position of minister.28. attorney n. （美）律师，代理人 = lawyer The defendant was represented by his attorney.29. audit vt. 核查，检查 check Independent accountants audit the company annually. They audit questionable income.30. bail v. bail out 将舀出来，将保释 They are bailing water out the boat. He was bailed out of prison by his brother.第三讲 领会式词汇和复用式词汇 31besiege vt. 围攻，包围 =surroundThe enemies were besieged by our troops.The fans besiged the singer.32. binary adj. 一双的，一对的 a binary system 双星系统 the binary scale 二进位法 bi- 含有双，两个 bi-annual 一年两次的，bilingual 用两文字写成的，说两种语言的 bicycle, bicentenary 二百周年，二百周年纪念 tri- 三个的 tricycle, triangle33. blend v. 混合，溶合 （指彻底地混合，结合或混杂以使组成部分分辨不出彼此）=mix with She is blending the sugar and flour to make cakes. 而mix 指混杂合成一团或一个合成物，“混合，拌合” He can mix good salad.34. boost vt. 提高 =increase His coming boosted our morale in the contest. The shortage of the oil boosted its price.35. breach vt. 违背，破坏 =break Terrors breach the peace of the world. What he did breached his promise.36. browse v. 浏览，快速翻阅 =go over quickly He used to browse among books in the school library Friday afternoon. I like browsing the newspapers when Im having breakfast.37. bust v. 击碎，破坏 make sth. break They failed to bust the union. The man busted the machine by putting in foreign coins.38.cardinal adj. 主要的，最重要的 =important Do you know the cardinal virtues? This is a matter of cardinal significance. cardinal numbers39.charter vt. 租，包租（船，车等） rent a boat The whole family chartered an aircraft to travel during the Sping Festival. They went home in a chartered airplane.40. cite vt. 引用，引述 =quote The author cited several instances to illustrate his theory. He oftern cites some sayings in class. The minister cited the latest crime figures as proof of the need for strengthening of the comprehensive administration of social public order.41. clarify vt. 澄清，阐明 = make sth. clear She clarified her intentions. He was clarifying his mind before the meeting.42. cling to 紧抓，抱紧, 依靠 attach He has clung to the dream. The boy clung to his mothers skirt.43. coincide with 与 相符 This story coincides with the facts. My opinion coincides with his. His tastes and habits coincide with those of his wife.44. collapse vi. 倒塌，塌陷 fall down The roof collapsed under the weight of the snow. The earthquake caused many buildings to collapse. If you cut down the ropes, the tent will collapse.45. collide with 和发生碰撞，冲突 hit each other In running round the corner, he collided with another man. His car collilded with a van because of the heavy fog.46. commitment n. 许诺，保证 =promise He felt that he didnt have to make such a commitment to her. He avoided to make any commitment .47. compact adj. 紧凑的，紧密的 =tight She received compact clusters of roses on Valentines Day. He stored many compact bundles of hay.48. compel vt. 强迫，迫使 =force compel sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 The rain compelled us to stop the game. He was compelled to resign. I cant compel you to do anything.49. compensate for 弥补，补偿 =make up for Workers should be compensated for injuries during their work. Nothing can compensate for the loss of ones health. They were compensated for the damages in the accident.50. compile a dictionary 编写词典 compile data into a report 收集资料做成报告 He compiled enough information on his European Tour to write a book.第四讲第六讲 美国英语与英国英语在词汇上的差异51. compress vt. 压紧，压缩 She compressed her lips and said nothing. Its difficult for her to compress all her clothes into a bag. 译The file has been compressed.52. component n. （机器或设备等的）构成要素，零件 =parts The machine has more than 100 components. A component has to be replaced in the stereo system.53. concession n. 让步 This is a great concession for him. The bosss promise to increase the workers pay was a concession to the demands.54.conceive v. 想出来 =think out plan Scientists first conceived the idea of the atomic bomb in the 1930s. I cant conceive why you allowed the child to travel alone. Most people couldnt conceive of living without a telephone.55. conceal vt. 隐藏，隐匿， =hide He tried to conceal the fact that he had lost the file. The house was concealed from the road by a small wood. The boy concealed the sweets in the pocket.56. condemn vt. 谴责 criticize seriously People condemn war. We all condemn his behaviour. The newspapers condemned the Prime Minister for his decision.57. condense v. 压缩，减少 The committee decided to condense the organization.He condensed his story into one page.She condensed her report from 2000 to 500 words. 58. confess v. 承认，供认 admit The boy confessed (to) breaking the window. When the police questioned the man , he confessed I confess to having heard about it.59. confine to 把限制在（某范围内），仅限于 =limit to Please confine your remarks to the subject. I wish you would confine yourself to the matter under discussion.60. conquer vt. 征服，战胜 win victory over The invaders can never conquer the country. When will the scientists conquer the weather? They conquered the flood at last. She conquered the fear under the help of her mother.61. consolidate vt. 使牢固，使坚强 He had consolidated his position. The teams victory consolidated its chance for the championship.62. consent vi. 同意 = agree consent to do sth. consent to sth./doing He consents to give a speech at the meeting. I consented to be an assistant editor. Her father didnt consent to her leaving school.63. contemplate vt. 考虑，仔细思考 think He contemplated the possibility of living abroad. The doctor comtemplated the difficult operation he had to perform. He lay in bed all day comtemplating what to do next.64. contest vt. 争夺，为竞争 compete He contested a seat in the election. They contested every inch of the ground.65. controversy n. 争论 = argument The new traffic regulations will cause much controversy among drivers. They are involved in a controversy on a political issue. There was a huge controversy over the plan for the new hospital.66. convey vt. 运送，输送，传达 pass to Wires convey electricity from power stations to the users. The train conveys over 1000 passagers every day. Words cant convey my feelings.67. counsel n. & vt. 劝告，建议 advice He gave us wise counsel. The young man refused to listen to the old mans counsel. Its wise to follow his counsel. counsel sb. to do sth. The teacher counseled the boy to study harder. Id like to counsel you to try it again.68. courtesy n. 礼貌，谦恭 politeness We should treat each other with courtesy. The young man did me the courtesy of openning the door for me. We show courtesy to people by being polite and considerate to them.69. crawl vi. 爬，匍匐而行， =creep (climb) A snake crawls. The baby is crawling on the floor. We learn to crawl before we learn to walk.70. cruelty n. 残酷，残忍，残暴 Cruelty to animals is severely punished in England. I hate to see cruelty and injustice. Many people deny that there is any cruelty in hunting foxes.71. crush v. 压坏，碾碎， 使挤入 Dont crush the box; there are flowers inside. The machine crushes wheat grain to make flour. It was crushed into pieces. We cant crush any more people into the hall.72. damp adj. 潮湿的，微湿的 moist 潮湿的，湿润的（尤指表面潮湿的） humid 潮湿的（尤指空气或气候） wet 湿透的 The ground is still damp after the rain. Its damp and cold. I think its going to rain. Her eyes were moist with tears. The air in the room is moist because of the steam. A fruit cake should be moist, not completely dry. Its so humid today, my clothes are sticking to me. It was on a hot and humid summer day. He got wet in the rain.73. deceive vt. 欺骗，蒙骗 （指为隐瞒真相而欺骗，有意识地使人误入歧途或用诱惑手段使人信以为真，上当受骗） cheat 欺骗（指为了个人利益而用不诚实手段欺骗，可用于表示经商中的欺骗） You cant deceive me. I know it. To deceive oneself is easy. He deceived her and she found it out. The shopkeeper cheats his customers. She cheated the boy out of his money. You may get cheated there. cheat/deceive sb. into doing sth. 骗某人做某事 He deceived the boy into telling him the truth. 74. defect n. 缺点，毛病 shortcoming Mobile phones have both merits and defects. That is his fatal defect. A defect in judgement led to the accident.75. deficit n. 赤字，不足额 We ended the month with a deficit. 我们这个结帐有亏损。 They have large budget deficits. We have to cover the deficit.76. depict vt. 描绘，描写 =describe The painting depicts the Battle of Waterloo. The author tried to depict their true love.77. descend vi. 下来，下降 decline The river descends to the sea. The elevator descended slowly to the ground floor. The sun descended behind the hill.78. devastate vt. 完全毁坏，彻底毁掉 =destroy The earthquake devastated the whole village. The bomb devastated a large part of the city. The car was devastated in the race.79. wicked adj. 邪恶的 evil It was wicked of him to torment the poor cat. He is a wicked man. It is a wicked deed.80 wretched adj. 可怜的，凄伤的，悲伤的 The wretched children are starving. He is leading a wretched life. I feel wretched about hurting her. 第五讲 词汇的基本意义和延伸意义 语言中，任何一个词都有其基本意义和延伸意义。基本意义是指一个词的本来意思； 延伸意义是指该词在特定的上下文中产生的意思。比如wave 这个词的基本意义是“波浪”， 但是当它在句子“The flag is waving in the wind.”中， 它的本来词义就在这个特定的上下文中得到了延伸，从而，它有“飘动”或“飘扬”的意思，这就是它的延伸意