代词知识清单.doc

代词知识清单 一.代词的分类代词是用来代替名词（或名词性结构）的词。九类：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，相互代词，指示代词，不定代词，疑问代词，连接代词和关系代词。 （人物反相指，不疑连关词）二.代词详解 人称代词人称第一人称第二人称第三人称 数格单复单复单复主格Iweyouhesheitthey宾格meushimherthem人称第一人称第二人称第三人称数单复单复单复形容词性myouryourhisheritstheir名词性mineoursyoursherstheirs 一、定义 谁 二、定格 谁的 谁自己口诀：主格放在动词前，宾格放在动介后，形物代见到名词往前站，形物代放在名词前，若有名词在，不用名物代，名物代一般不用在句首，除非前文有铺垫。用法：主格宾格区别：主格放在动词前，宾格放在动介后， 作主语(用主格）如: We eat to live; we dont live to eat. 作宾语（用宾格）如: They gave him some books.注意：人称代词作主语，其后不带谓语动词时，在口语中常用宾格。如: Does anyone know him? Me.形物代，名物代区别：后有名，只用形物代。形容词性的物主代词:只用作定语如: I havent got your name. 名词性物主代词: 可用作主，宾，表语。如: Hers is a new bike. I dont like hers. Victory will be ours.反身代词常跟反身代词的词： 1enjoy oneself = have a good time = have fun 2. learn. by oneself = teach oneself I learn English by myself. I teach myself English. 3. dress oneself The baby can dress itself. (注意:不知性别，用it 代替) 4. help oneself to 请自便 Help yourselves to some fish，children. (黑体字考点) 5. say to oneself = talk to oneself 自言自语 6. lose oneself 迷失自我，沉醉于 7. by oneself 由谁自己 8. kill oneself 自杀 9. hurt oneself 自残 10. come to oneself 苏醒 Sleeping beauty came to herself at last. DIY = Do it yourself. 自己做不定代词1复合不定代词 some- -thing any- -body no- -one every- -whereA 词意辨析 There are not any books on the desk. 同义句 There are no books on the desk. 重要 no 互换 not any no longer 互换 not any longer no one 互换 nobody I can do nothing. 同义句 I cant do anything. nothing 互换 not anything everything = anything everyone = anybodyB 做主语，谓单 There is nothing in the forest.森林里万籁俱寂. Everything is possible. 一切皆有可能.Nothing is impossible for a willing heart. 心之所愿,无所不成.Because impossible is Im possible.Nothing is impossible.Somebody comes.C 有修饰,修饰在后 西方新娘结婚时必戴四样东西 something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue Theres nothing interesting in todays newspaper.2.littlea little 不可数fewa few 复数不多(否定)有点(肯定)There is little milk in the kitchen，lets buy some.(后句和milk提示用little)3. both 两者都 谓复neither（no either） 两者都不 谓单either 两者中的一个Which do you like better，tea or coffee？Neither，I prefer juice. the side of the street the bank of the riverThere are many buildings on both sides of the street.There are many buildings on either side of the street.4. none 三者都不， all 三者或以上全部， every 三者以上每个None of us three is student.区别：every = 3 侧重整体（每个人组成的团队） each =2 侧重个体类似people和person的区别We each like Pop music.Each of us likes Pop music.every of 错 every 不能跟of搭配each 可以跟of 搭配none （后可指代人可指代物）none of对how many的回答没一个no one （只指人）no one of 错对who的回答没人none指没有某种东西上文所指nothing空的，啥也没有empty1)What is in the box？Its empty. There is nothing in it.2) Can I have some more coffee? Sorry, there is none(咖啡是一种东西) in the kitchen.5. anotherthe other另一个 othersthe others另一些泛指特指区别other adj. 其它的什么东西the others = the other + 复名other studentssome.others 一些，另一些背： 用于两者的不定代词：neither(否)， both（肯），onethe other.the others = the other studentsthe other 中 other是代词the other students 中 other是形容词another three days = three other days = three more days6. some/anysome用于肯定句，any用于否定疑问句。特殊：some用语疑问句 A 想给 Would you like some water？ What about.?/ How about ? B 想要 Could you give me some books？any用于肯定表任何Anyone knows this word.There is(谓单) some(某) house near the house. it 表时间与天气，金钱与距离常用物它it，性别不清it现，形主形宾是考点。 It is seven oclock。（时间） It is a sunny day today。（天气） It is three kilometers from my home to my school。1） Who is singing in the next room？It must be Mr Wang。身份不确定用it2） It is adj. for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事怎样。It is difficult to study English。It是形式主语，to study English是真正主语 I find it difficult to study English well。It形式宾语，真正的宾语是to study English *think/feel/find常被翻译成“认为”。 3）it 和 one 的区别 one 同类不同一 it 同类又同一 I like pet dogs. Can you buy one for me? I like the pet dog. Can y