定语从句考点.doc

英语基础知识入门英语字母规范书写 书写规范：1. 斜体2. 圆润、饱满3. 回笔4. 个体书写规范_48个国际音标三、英语词类：_五、句子成分1._ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._ 6._ 7._六、简单句1._2._3._4._5._七、并列句_八、主从复合句1._2._3._定语从句一、总结和归类定语从句的定义、种类和特点1. 种类：_2. 先行词：_3. 位置：_4. 关系词：关系代词：_关系副词：_ 二、定语从句的命题规律：(1)关系代词who(m), which, that的选用和省略；(2)先行词是时间或地点时，用关系副词(when, where)还是用关系代词(which, that)；(3)介词+关系代词(不能用that)；关系副词的转化；(4)先行词是整个句子或句子的一部分时，用as或which引导的非限制性定语从句；(5)用whose和of which引导的定语从句；(6)先行词是the way和the reason时，关系词的选择；(7)先行词前有such, as, the same等时，用引导定语从句。三、定语从句考点训练定语从句是中学英语教学的重点，也是学生学习的难点，同时又是高考考查的热点。纵观近年各地高考试题，就能发现考点大多集中在带有插入语的定语从句；which 、as 引导的非限定性定语从句； where 、 when引导的定语从句以及定语从句和强调句、同位语从句的区别等方面。对定语从句的考查不单纯考查其语法结构，而是把它融入到一定的语境中，考查考生的实际综合运用能力。 高考试题中，主要从以下角度考查定语从句： 定语从句的考点之一 正确区分关系代词that引出的定语从句功能，除不能作定语(用whose)外，其它几个功能都可用that。但命题角度主要以that与which指物时的区别为重点进行命制。例如： （1）Do you have anything in mind _ youd like for supper? Well, _ is OK with me. A. that ; anything B. which ; everything C. what ; whatever D. where ; something （2）The wrong youve done him is terrible, for _ you should make an apology to him, I think. A. this B. which C. what D. that 定语从句的考点之二 正确区分关系代词(that或which)与关系副词when(表时间)、where(表地点)、why(表原因)。重点根据定语从句中所缺成分（即关系词在定语从句中作状语时，使用关系副词when (on which); where(in which); why(for which)；在定语从句中作作主语、宾语或表语时，使用that或which。）来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，绝不能因先行词是时间名词就用when，是地点名词就用where，是reason就用why来确定。因此，认准先行词只是选择关系词的一个方面，更重要的是看其在后面定语从句中充当什么句子成分例如： （3）He should stand near the stage _ he could watch and follow the play. A. where B. when C. that D. there （4）Do you think the reason _ he gave is believable. A. for which B. which C. why D. what （5）We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer. A. whichB. that C. whoseD. when 定语从句的考点之三 当先行词在定语从句中作主语时，应注意主谓语的一致性及被动语态问题。尤其要注意在考题中不用定语从句，而是用分词短语作定语。例如： （6）The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having writtenB. to be written C. being writtenD. written （7）Any article that is left in these buses / left in these buses will be taken at once to the Lost Property Office. 定语从句的考点之四 定语从句中不能再重复与先行词有关的代词或副词。必须牢记定语从句中关系词已经替代先行词并且在定语从句中已经充当其成分，故不能再用相关的代词或副词。例如： （8）He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think it is B. which I think is C. which I think it D. I think which is （9）This is the hospital _ they visited last year and is the one _ I worked in five years ago AThat；where BWhere；that CWhere；where DThat；that （10）There are dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. A. that B. which C. where D. when 定语从句的考点之五 对介词后接关系代词而不接关系副词的考查；当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现介词+关系代词。先行词指物，用介词+which, 指人则用介词+whom, 且两个关系代词均不能省略，介词的选择要遵循两个原则： 1.根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定。 2.根据先行词特殊用法而定。例如： （11）Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom（12）Anyway, that evening, _I will tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place. A. when B. where C. what D. which 定语从句的考点之六 关系代词as的考查。关系代词as引导限制性定语从句时既可指人又可指物。它只能替代由such，the same等修饰的先行词；as引导非限制性定语从句时，可放于句首，句中或置于句尾，而which则只能置于主句之后。但如果定语从句为否定句或表示否定意义，使用which。As引导的定性定语从句有正如之意，而which引导的没有。例如：13）Our teacher set us such a difficult maths problem _ we could not work out. A. that B. which C. as D. even （14）Carl said the work would be done by October , _ personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which （15）_ is reported in the newspaper , talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What 定语从句的考点之七 解题时要注意题干的内容和句子的结构，（进行必要的语法分析，弄清句子结构。）再行答题。例如： （16）The teacher wanted to teach us _ he knew at this last lesson. A. all which B. all that C. of which D. everything which （17）Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment , _ I will always treasure. A. that B. one C. it D. what （18） Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _went wrong again. A. it repair B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired （19）_is well-known that Antarctica is difficult to reach A. It B. What C. As D. Which（20）_is well-known , Antarctica is difficult to reach. A. It B. What C. As D. which （21）_is well-known is that Antarctica is difficult to reach. A. It B. What C. As D. which 定语从句的考点之八：考查定语从句的特殊结构1.考查关于定语从句的分隔结构。命题者主要通过定语从句的分隔考查动词形式的选择和通过先行词的定位，确定定语从句的关系词及介词+关系词的选用。考查动词形式的选择主要表现在以下几方面：定语从句对主谓结构的分隔时的主句谓语动词选择；定语从句对从句中宾补结构的分隔时的非谓语动词；定语从句对主句定语、状语的分隔时的非谓语动词；定语从句对一些固定句式的分隔时的非谓语动词。(10上海)Thai is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water in students bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce(06全国)The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _the next year.A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. carry out(10江西)The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister_ she would stay for an hour.A. where B. who C. which D. what（05山东）The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992.A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed(07辽宁)You cant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the snowstorm. A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking2. 考查带有插入语的定语从句的关系词的选用。做此类题中时，把关系词后的插入语（如：I believe, I think, I expect等）去掉进行判断。典型考题（05福建）Is that the small town you often refer to?Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years.Athat Bwhich Cwhere Dwhat3. 考查省略式定语从句。主从句主语相同时，有时可以省略一些成分，变成“介词+引导词+不定式”的形式。典型考题（05湖南）Franks dream was to have his own shop _ to produce the workings of his own hands.A. that B. in which C. by which D. how定语从句的考点之九 ：考查定语从句与其它从句的区别1. 考查非限定性定语从句与并列句的区别。区分办法主要看前后句之间是否有and、but等并列连词或分号等的存在，若有，则为并列句；如果只有逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词的补充说明，则为非限定性定语从句。典型考题（09全国II）My friend showed me round the town, _ was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it.( 04重庆)I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately_ couldnt spare me even one minuteA. they B. one C. who D. it2.考查定语从句与独立主格结构的区别典型考题 They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents seated together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that3. 考查主语从句与非限定性定语从语的区别。重点考察it, what和as的选用。常见的考查结构：（1）“It be done（如：said/suggested等）that+从句（that+从句是主语从句，It是形式主语）”意为“据/人们（说/建议等）”。（2）“What be done（如：said/suggested等）is that+从句（that+从句是表语从句，what引导主语从句）”意为“所（说/建议等）的是”。（3）“As be done（如：said/suggested等）,主句（As引导非限定性定语从句）”意为“正如所（说/建议等）的那样，”。，典型考题( 08福建) _ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. A. It B. What C. As D. Which( 08上海)It has been proved_ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.A. if B. because C. when D. that( 04北京) _ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.A. It B. As C. That D. What4. 某一名词或代词后引导定语从句与地点状语从句的区别。是定语从句时，该名词或代词在从句中充当成分；如果后面句子只是说明前面该名词或代词所处的位置，该名词或代词又不在从句中充当成分时，应该是地点状语从句。典型考题（10天津）Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers _ I go. Its only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that( 08山东)Youd better not leave the medicine_ kids can get at it.A. even if B. which C. where D. so that4. 考查定语从句和同位语从句的区别。它们都可放在名词后。但在定语从句中，该名词在从句中充当成分，从句对该名词进行修饰；同位从句是对前面抽象名词进行具体解释说明，该抽象名词不在从句中充当成分。典型考题(08山东)Do you have anything to say for yourselves?Yes, theres one point_ we must insist on. A. why B. where C. how D./( 06安徽)A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.A. if B. when C. that D. which5. 定语从句与强调句句式结构用法比较由it引导的句型结构，常可构成强调句或定语从句，两者极易混淆。一般来说，如果将it is/was.与连接词去掉，句子仍然正确，就为强调句型。这时，就选用that连接词；否则，就为定语从句，其关系词的选择，应根据先行词与从句的关系而定。典型考题It was on the morning of May 1st _ I met Li Lei at the airport.A. whether B. when C. that D. which It is the factory _ I work with my classmates yesterday.A. whether B. where C. that D. which6. 考查the same, such引导限定性定语从句和结果状语从句的区别。the same, such, so可以与as或that搭配。as引导的是定语从句，前面名词或代词要在从句中充当成份；而that引导的是结果状语从句，从句结构完整。典型考题( 07上海)Pop music is such an important part of society _ it has even influenced our language.A. as B. that C. which D. where(00上海春招)These houses are sold at such a low price_ people expected.A. like B. as C. that D. which定语从句的考点之十 ：考查定语从句与思维定势 Is this farm _ you visited last week？ A. where B. the one C. on which D. / We came to a place， _ stood a big tower. A. which B. that C. / D. where The second is connected with the use _ the body makes of food. A. of which B. where C. to do D. that 总之，虽然定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，但只要从定语从句的形式上、结构上和用法上来分析理解和比较，就一定就能把握定语从句的用法。典型陷阱题分析1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _ high mountains. A. which wasB. it was C. which were D. them were2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”A. thatB. which C. whereD. what3. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. ItB. As C. That D. What _ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. ThatD. What此题答案选 A，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句。4. David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like.A. thatB. who C. as D. whom David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like him.A. thatB. who C. as D. whom5. The buses, most of _ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. thatB. it C. themD. which He asked a lot of questions, and none of _ was easy to answer.A. whichB. them C. whatD. that6. He had thousands of students, many of _ gained great success in their own field.A. whomB. them C. whichD. who7. They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ carried out in their work.A. whichB. them C. whatD. that They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ were carried out in their work.A. whichB. them C. whatD. that8. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents seated together joking.A. theirB. whose C. which D. that9. If the man is only interested in your looks, _ just shows how shallow he is.A. asB. which C. whatD. that10. She says that shell never forget the time _ shes spent working as a secretary in our company.A. whichB. when C. howD. where She says that shell never forget the time _ she works as a secretary in our company.A. whichB. when C. how D. where2012年高考真题(2012全国卷II)8. That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. that B. which C. what D. when(2012北京卷)26. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when (2012上海卷)35. Have you sent thankyou notes to the relatives from _ _ you received gifts? A. which B. them C. that D. whom(2012天津卷)7. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _help I would never have got this far.A. who B. whose C. whom D. which(2012江苏卷) 22. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what(2012安徽卷)29. A lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.A. as B. it C. which D. this(2012湖南卷)34. Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered. A. whatB. in whatC. which D. in which(2012福建卷)23.The air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.A. thatB. itC. as D. what(2012陕西卷)14. It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all.A. that B. where C. which D. what(2012山东卷)23. Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series. A. them B. that C. which D. what(2012重庆卷)29. Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as importance as sales skills.A. which B. that C. when D. where(2012四川卷)13. In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses.A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them(2012江西卷)28By 16:30, was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.AwhichBwhenCwhat Dthat(2012浙江卷)9. We live in an age_ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.A. whyB. whenC. to whomD. on which(2012浙江卷)17.Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.A. whichB. whoC. whereD. whom参考答案：BBDBB ADCCC DCABB小试牛刀：1. A football fan(球迷) is _ has a strong interest in football. A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what 2. The house, _ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired. A. the roof of which B. which roof C. its roof D. the roof 3. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about 4. The matter _ you were arguing about last night has been settled. A. that B. what C. why D. for which 5. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 6. Who _ has common sense（常识） will do such a thing? A. which B. who C. whom D. that 7. All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs. A. that B. those C. which D. what 8. They asked him to tell them everything _ he saw at the front. A. what B. that C. which D. where 9. Ill tell you _ he told me last night. A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all 10. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan. A. who B. whos C. whose D. which 11. Is this the museum _ you visited the other day? A. that B. whe