综合教程 新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材 教师PPTBook 3 unit 4.ppt

Unit4Fun OhBoy Fun YouCouldDiefromIt Abouttheauthor SuzanneBrittJordan SheisanAmericancolumnistandwriter Jordan sbooksincludeacollectionofessays ShowandTell 1982 SkinnyPeopleAreDullandCrunchylikeCarrots 1982 anexpansionofheressay ThatLeanandHungryLook andAWriter sRhetoric 1988 acollegetextbook Thisessayoriginallyappearedinthe MyTurn columnofNewsweekmagazine WordsandExpressions OliverCromwell whobecameleaderoftheCommonwealth isoneofthebest knownPuritans ManyPuritans persecutedintheirhomeland cametoAmericainthe1620sand1630s settingcoloniesthateventuallybecameMassachusetts Thewordspuritanandpuritanicalhavecometosuggestazealforkeepingpeoplefromenjoyingthemselves Onewhoisscrupulousandstrictinhisreligiouslife oftenusedreproachfullyorincontempt onewhohasoverstrictnotions blasphemev toswear tousewordswhichshowalackofrespectforGodorreligion亵渎 咒骂 辱骂Thebankmanagerbegantorageandblaspheme against God ThespiritualleaderclaimedthatthefilmblasphemedIslam blasphemyn dampern informal somethingthatstopsanoccasionfrombeingasenjoyableasitwasintendedtobe令人扫兴的人 事 起抑制作用的因素Herabsenceput cast threwadamperontheparty 她的缺席使晚会有些扫兴 大雨使我们的野餐大为扫兴 Heavyrainputadamperonourpicnic epitomen 典型 缩影anideal atypicalrepresentation他被看作是知识分子的典型 Heisseenastheepitomeofintellectual epitomize v tobeanepitomeofsomething代表 是 的典型范例Sheepitomizesallthegoodqualitiesofherfamily fetishn 1 anobjectthatisworshippedasagodbypeopleinsomeundevelopedsocieties andisthoughttohavemagicpower神物 2 sthtowhichonepaysanyunreasonableamountofattentionorwhichoneadmirestoafoolishdegree 被盲目崇拜物 迷恋物hasafetishabouttidiness 他有洁癖afetishofluxurygoods对奢侈品盲目崇拜 makeafetishof formoney金钱拜物makeafetishofstyle 盲目地赶时髦 fetishismn 拜物主义 物神崇拜 盲目崇拜 flunkvt vi n tofail especially in acourseoranexam考试或功课不及格Theboywasupsetbecauseheflunked in anEnglishexam FlunkbiologyFlunkingtestpapers不及格的卷子Tobeflunkedoutinbiologyflunkout toexpelorbeexpelledfromaschoolorcoursebecauseofworkthatdoesnotmeetrequiredstandards除名 退学 因考试成绩不合格而从学校或该门课程中除掉或被除掉学习资格 licentiousnessn licentiousadj lackingmoraldiscipline especiallysexuallyunrestrained放荡的 放肆的 不道德的 swillv todrinkgreedilyorgrossly豪饮狂饮vt Swilltea gulpdownacupofteasipcoffee冲涮swilloutadirtybuckettofeed animals withswill 用泔水饲料喂 动物 n Amixtureofliquidandsolidfood fedtoanimals especiallypigs馊水 尤指喂猪的残羹剩饭 mirthn 欢笑 高兴Christmasisatimeofmirth especiallyforchildren 圣诞节是个快乐的日子 尤其是对孩子们 Hisangergaveplacetomirth 他的愤怒消失了 取而代之的是欢笑 mirthfulmirthfullyamirthlesslaugh MirthfulMirthfullyMirthlessAmirthlesslaugh苦笑 overshadowvt 1 tocastashadowover darkenorobscure 向 投上阴影 使暗淡 2 tomake somebodyorsomething lesssuccessful important orimpressivebycomparisonwithothers todominate使 黯然失色 使 显得不重要 使 相形见绌 超过 支配Benovershadowsallhiscolleagues 他使所有同僚都黯然失色 Sheisovershadowedbyheryoungerandmoreattractivesister 和她年轻漂亮的妹妹相比 她黯然失色 puritanPuritansrefertoagroupofradicalEnglishprotestantsthataroseinthelatesixteenthcenturyandbecameamajorforceinEnglandduringtheseventeenthcentury Puritanswantedto purify theChurchofEngland theyurgedastrictmoralcodeandplacedahighvalueonhardwork AftertheexecutionofKingCharlesIin1649 theycontrolledthenewgovernment theCommonwealth 清教徒原指英国的一部分新教徒 他们大都倾向于资产阶级革命 像克伦威尔 后来分布变得更广泛 遍及美国 历史上将在英国的新教徒 那些信奉加尔文教义 不满英国国教教义的人称为清教徒 由于英国的宗教迫害 大部分清教徒逃亡到了美国 所以人们所说的清教徒 一般指在美国的清教徒 清教徒并不是一种宗教 而是一种态度 一种倾向 一种价值观 它是对信徒群体的一种统称 清教徒是最为虔诚 生活最为圣洁的新教徒 他们认为 人人皆祭司 人人有召唤 认为每个个体可以直接与上帝交流 反对神甫集团的专横 腐败和繁文缛节 形式主义 他们主张简单 实在 上帝面前人人平等的信徒生活 清教徒认为人必须要禁欲和勤俭节约 他们限制一切纵欲 享乐甚至消费行为 毫无疑问 清教徒运动对后世的影响是巨大的 清教徒精神所形成的现代文化 其许多重要方面 仍是当今社会的基础 尤其是美国的共和政体制度 美国文化精神 都深受清教徒运动的影响 可以说 没有清教徒 美国今天不会是这样的社会面貌 罗斯福总统在纪念五月花号清教徒的演说上说 三百年前到达此地的五月花清教徒 改变了这一块土地的命运 也因而改变了这一个世界的命运 现在清教徒也用来指那些主张禁欲的人或极端拘谨的人 reverev respect idolize崇敬 敬畏Peoplecametothememorialtoreverethememoryofthegreatleader 人们来到纪念馆崇敬地纪念这位伟大的领袖 reverentadj reverentlyadv Theyallmaintainedareverentsilence 他们都恭敬地保持沉默 reverencen Holdsb sthinreverence尊敬Have showreverencefor怀有敬意 表示尊敬Treatwithreverence reverentlyadv reverev fml respect idolize崇敬 敬畏Peoplecametothememorialtoreverethememoryofthegreatleader 人们来到纪念馆崇敬地纪念这位伟大的领袖 reverentadj Theyallmaintainedareverentsilence 他们都恭敬地保持沉默 scanv 1 toexamine something carefully withtheeyesorwithamachine inordertoobtaininformation细看 审视Sheanxiouslyscannedthefacesoftheyoungmenleavingthetraininthehopeoffindingherson 2 Toscanatextcanalsomeantolookthroughitquicklyinordertofindapieceofinformationthatonewantsoryetageneralideaofwhatthetextcontains 浏览 略读Scanthenewspaperarticlequicklyandmakeanoteofthemainpoints bumpern 汽车前后的 保险杠bumpersticktraipsev towalkwearily游荡 闲荡Shespentthedaytraipsingfromoneshoptoanother 1 Howimportantisfuninyourlife 2 Whatisthegreatestfuninyourlife 3 Whatdoyouexpectfromthetext Pre readingquestions Part1 Para 1 5 theintroduction providingadefinitionof fun Part2 Para 6 11 themainbody thewritergivesanextendeddefinitionofitbypointingoutwhatitisnot Part3 Para 12 15 Theessayconcludeswithananecdotethatfurtherexplainswhatfunreallyis TextualOrganization Theessayevaluatesthe fun sideoftheAmericancultureinanironicway Todevelopthedefinition anumberofmethodshavebeenemployed amongwhicharenarration comparisonandcontrast TextAnalysis PartOne1 Whatisthethesisstatementoftheessay 2 Whattechniquedoestheauthoremployinthispartoftheessay 3 InParagraph4 aseriesofquestionshasbeenraised What stheeffectofit A1 Funishardtohave Funisararejewel A2 Theauthorusesdefinition comparisonandaseriesofquestionstointroducethetopic A3 Here bymakingastartlingstatement thequestion Wasitfun overshadowedallotherquestions andraisingaseriesofquestions Jordanpointsoutthatfunhasbecomethemajorconcernofpeople Ithasoutweighedmanyotherquestions Languagepoints somewherealongtheline inf Duringthetimewhenyouareinvolvedinanactivityorprocess 在某个时期Somewherealongtheline Jackseemedtohavelostinterestintheirmarriage Somewherealongtheline hisfatherbecameaddictedtogambling deservevt vi beworthyof应受奖 罚 值得Thecompositiondeservescarefulstudy Hedeservestobescoldedforhavingbrokenthepreciousvase deserve doing deservetobedonedeservecriticizingbedeservingof beworthof他的行为该得到最高的赞赏 最严厉的惩罚 Hisconductisdeservingofthehighestpraise theheaviestpenalty deserved undeservedhonour PartTwo1 WhatstyledoesJordancreateandhowdoesshecreateit 2 WhataresomeofthethingsthatdonotprovidefunaccordingtoJordan 3 Howdosomepeoplemanagetohavefun 4 Whatrelationshipdoestheuseofdrugsandalcoholhavetoourdifficultiesinhavingfuntoday 5 Whatistherelationshipbetweenbigoccasionsandtheexperienceoffun A1 Jordancreatesaveryconversationalstylebyusing everybody everything Gollygee ByJove A2 Failinginatest dirtybumpers stickyrefrigeratordoorsaresomeofthethingsthatarenotsourcesoffun A3 Somepeopleresorttothrillingwayssuchasadventures immoralactions crimesoralcoholtohavefun A4 Todaywhenpeopleliveunderunprecedentedstress theycanhardlyrelaxandthemonotonousroutineworkisnotexcitingenoughforthem Onlywhentheyindulgethemselvesindrugsandalcoholcantheyforgettheworriesofthedayandhavealittlefun A5 Withhighexpectationsforfun peoplearenotcontentwiththejoythatbigoccasionssuchasholidays weddingsorbirthdaysbringthem Tomakeupfortheinadequacyoffunandjoy theyarestillexpectingthenextbigoccasionwhichmightbringthemexcitement reputationn Hehasareputationforhonesty Themanbegantoestablishareputationasawriterattheageof19 earn win establishareputationasliveuptoyourreputation Languagepoints veryadj adv right forthesakeofemphasis usu usedwiththesuperlativeformofadj orfirstandlast etc Therehavebeenthreeaccidentsinthisverysameplace Theveryfirstthingyoumustdoisringthepolice She stheveryworstcookI veeverencountered Shediedintheveryroom 她就是在这个房间里逝世的 stepuptoincreaseanamountofsthinsizeorpeeds 使增加 使上升 使加快We retryingtostepupproductiontomeettheincreaseddemand 我们为满足需求的增长正想方设法增加生产 你得加快步伐 Youhavetostepupyourpace consumeconsumertime consumingtime wastingconsumption consumptionn Thisisproducedfordomesticconsumption ThereistoogreataconsumptionofalcoholinBritain consumev Wehavenomorerighttoconsumehappinesswithoutproducingitthantoconsumewealthwithoutproducingit BernardShaw 如果我们不能建筑幸福的生活 我们就没有权利享受幸福 这正如没有创造财富就无权享受财富一样 consumern consumergoods消费品 PolaroidAtrademarkusedforacameraandfilmthatproduceinstantphotographs 宝丽来 一种能一次成像的照像机和胶卷的商标 roughandready 方法等 粗糙但尚能用的 估计等 大致上差不多的 人 鲁莽但尚能顶用的Thelivingconditionswereabitroughandready astherewerenobeds 住的地方比较将就 因为没有床铺 Itishelpfultobeginwitharoughandreadyclassification 首先进行粗略的分类是很有帮助的 Whatisalockerroom flickvt vi n Tohitortouchwithalight quickblow轻拍 弹掉 off away 啪地开动 on off Heflickedthehorsewithhiswhip 他用鞭轻轻地抽马 Iflickedthedustoffmycoat 我把灰从衣服上弹掉 Davidflickedonthelight 戴维啪地把灯开亮 awholelotof许多 很多Alittlebitofsomethingisbetterthanawholelotofnothing 有点总比没有强 我不做这件事有许许多多理由 Ihaveawholelotofreasonsfornotdoingit 他有很多麻烦 Hehasawholelotoftrouble EasteroriginsMostEnglishholidayshaveareligiousorigin Jesuscrucifieduponacross thethirddayEasterholidaywasborn EasterDayoccursonthefirstSundayafterthefullmoonfollowingthespringequinox ItisoriginallythedaytocommemoratetheResurrectionofJesusChrist Butnowformostpeople Easterisasecularspringholiday whileforthechildren itmeans morethananythingelse Eastereggsorchocolateeggs andEasterbunny Easteregghunt Inlegend theEasterBunnybringsbasketsfilledwithcoloredeggs candyandtoystothehomesofchildrenonthenightbeforeEaster TheEasterBunnywilleitherputthebasketsinadesignatedplaceorhidethemsomewhereinthehouseforthechildrentofindwhentheywakeuponEasterSundaymorning Hehasalsohiddentheeggsthatchildrendecoratedearlierthatweek Childrenhuntfortheeggsallaroundthehouse NeighborhoodsandorganizationsholdEasteregghunts andthechildwhofindsthemosteggswinsaprize PartTwo1 AccordingtoJordan howshouldwetreatfun 2 Whatdoes ItmayevencomeonaTuesday mean 3 WhydoesJordanuseananecdotetoconcludeheressay 4 Twosimple directstatementsareusedtobeginandendtheessay Whatistheeffectofthesestatements A1 Weshouldtreatfunrespectfully Funisnotsupposedtobeeverywhere Wecannoteasilygetfunoutofeverything A2 Tuesdayisaworkday thedayfollowingtheblueMonday Itiscommonlyregardedasanordinarydaywheneveryoneissupposedtodotheroutinework Asarule noholidays nobigoccasionswouldtakeplaceonthisday Butifwetreatfunproperly wecanhavefunevenonsuchanordinaryday A3 HereJordansuggeststhatitiseasierforchildrentohavefunthanitisforgrown ups A4 Simpleanddirectastheyare thetwostatementsareeffectiveenoughtoconveythemessagethatfunisararejewel butfuncouldalsobeeasytohaveifwetreatitproperly Bit O HoneyAhardandchewycandywithalmondbitsblendedintoahardhoneyflavoredtaffy maltedmilkasolublepowdermadeofdriedmilk maltedbarley andwheatflour麦乳精 由牛奶 大麦麦芽和面粉制成的可溶粉粒 Languagepoi