地图制图学.doc

地图制图学来源： 国家测绘局国土司 时间： 2007-09-21 10:00 【大 中 小】 04.001理论地图学theoretical cartography 04.002应用地图学applied cartography 04.003数学地图学mathematical cartography 04.004比较地图学comparative cartography 04.005元地图学metacartography(一个探讨地图表现的抽象规律的学派用语。) 04.006专题地图学thematic cartography 04.007地图信息cartographic Information 04.008地图传输cartographic communication 04.009地图模型cartographic model 04.010地图符号学cartographic semiology 04.011地图分析cartographic analysis 04.012地图评价cartographic evaluation 04.013地图判读map Interpretation 04.014地图更新map revision 04.015地图制图map making， mapping 04.016认知制图cognitive mapping(人脑收集、记录、存储和处理周围地理环境信息的能力和过程。) 04.017野外制图field mapping 04.018城市制图urban mapping 04.019地籍制图cadastral mapping 04.020动画制图animated mapping 04.021宇宙制图cosmic mapping 04.022空间制图space mapping 04.023地图分类(又称“制图分类”)cartographic classification 04.024地理图geographical map 04.025专用地图special use map 04.026特种地图special map 04.027军用地图military map 04.028人文地图human map 04.029政治地图political map 04.030经济地图economic map 04.031人口地图population map 04.032历史地图historic map 04.033古地图ancient man 04.034文化地图cultural map 04.035行政区划图administrative map 04.036自然地图physical map 04.037地势图hysometric map 04.038地貌图geomorphological map 04.039地貌形态示量图morphometric map 04.040景观地图landscape map 04.041环境地图environmental map 04.042等值线地图isoline map 04.043伪等值线地图pseudo-isoline map 04.044等值区域图(又称“分区量值地图”)choroplethic map 04.045分区密度地图dasymetric map 04.046类型地图typal map 04.047统计地图statistic map 04.048区划地图regionalization map 04.049分析地图analytical map 04.050综合地图comprehensive map 04.051合成地图synthetic map 04.052派生地图derivative map 04.053规划地图planning map 04.054预报地图prognostic map 04.055教学地图school map 04.056现势地图uptodate map 04.057态势地图military posture map 04.058旅游地图tollf1St th3p 04.059定向运动地图orienteering map 04.060心象地图(又称“意境地图” 根据人记忆中有关地理环境的印象所描绘的地图。)mental map 04.061瞬间地图twinkling map 04.062动态地图dynamic map 04.063触觉地图tactual map 04.064填充地图outline mapfor filling(为教学等专项业务填充用的轮廓线地图) 04.065荧光地图fluorescent map 04.066缩微地图microfilm map 04.067鸟瞰图birds eye view map 04.068数字地图digital map 04.069电子地图electronic map 04.070三维地图threedimension map 04.071视觉立体地图stereoscopic map 04.072互补色地图anaglyphic map 04.073浮雕影象地图pictoline map 04.074拓扑地图topological map 04.075航空图aeronautical chart 04.076世界地图集world atlas 04.077国家地图集national atlas 04.078区域地图集regional atlas 04.079普通地图集general atlas 04.080专题地图集thematic atlas 04.081综合地图集comprehensive atlas 04.082地图设计map design 04.083地图整饰map decoration 04.084图面配置map layout 04.085地图复杂性map complexity 04.086地图清晰性map clarity 04.087地图易读性map legibility 04.088基本图形元素primary graphic elements 04.089图形变量graphic variable 04.090视觉变量visual variable 04.091视觉对比visual contrast 04.092视觉平衡visual balance 04.093图形背景辨别figureground discrimination,FG 04.094地图内容结构cartographic organization 04.095等级结构hierarchical organization 04.096整体结构extensional organization 04.097再分结构subdivisional organization 04.098多层结构stereogrammic organization 04.099地图感受map perception 04.100感受效果perceptual effect 04.101绝对阈absolute threshold 04.102差异阈difference threshold 04.103恰可察觉差just noticeable difference,JND 04.104动感autokinetic effect 04.105整体感associative perception 04.106等级感ordered perception 04.107数量感quantitative perception 04.108质量感qualitative perception 04.109深度感depth perception 04.110名义量表nominal scaling 04.111顺序量表ordinal scaling 04.112等距量表interval scaling 04.113比例量表ratio scaling 04.114地图语言cartographic language 04.115图形记号graphic sign 04.116图形符号graphic symbol 04.117地图语法cartographic syntactics 04.118地图语义cartographic semantics 04.119地图谱用cartographic pragmatics 04.120制图综合(又称“地图概括”)cartographic generalization 04.121制图分级cartographic hierarchy 04.122制图选取cartographic selection 04.123制图简化cartographic simplification 04.124制图夸大cartographic exaggeration 04.125符号化symbolization 04.126地图负载量map load 04.127等角投影(又称“正形投影”)conformal projection 04.128等积投影equivalent projection 04.129等距投影equidistant projection 04.130任意投影arbitrary projection 04.131方位投影azimuthal projection 04.132圆柱投影cylindrical projection 04.133圆锥投影conic projection 04.134伪方位投影pseudoazimuthal projection 04.135伪圆柱投影pseudocylindrical projection 04.136伪圆锥投影pseudoconic projection 04.137多圆锥投影polyconic projection 04.138球心投影(又称“日曼投影”、“大环投影”) gnomonic projection 04.139正射投影orthographic projection 04.140透视投影perspective projection 04.141球面投影stereographic projection 04.142正轴投影normal projection 04.143横轴投影transverse projection 04.144斜轴投影oblique projection 04.145变比例投影varioscale projection 04.146分瓣投影interrupted projection 04.147多焦点投影polyfocal projection 04.148兰勃特投影Lambert projection 04.149格灵顿投影Grinten projection 04.150彭纳没影Bonne projection 04.151阿伯斯投影Albers projection 04.152双标准纬线投影projection with two standard parallels 04.153墨卡托投影Mercator projection 04.154通用横墨卡托投影Universal Transverse Mercator projection，UTM 04.155通用横球面投影Universal Polar Stereographic projection， UPS 04.156标准纬线standard parallel 04.157投影变形distortion of projection 04.158变形椭圆indicatrix ellipse 04.159等变形线distortion isograms 04.160投影变换projection transformation 04.161地图表示法cartographic presentation 04.162首曲线intermediate contour 04.163计曲线index contour 04.164间曲线halfinterval contour 04.165助曲线(又称“辅助等高线”) extra contour 04.166草绘等高线sketch contour 04.167示坡线slope line 04.168分层设色法hypsometric layer 04.169分层设色表graduation of tints 04.170晕渲法hill shading 04.171晕滃法hachuring 04.172运动线法arrowhead method 04.173点值法dot method 04.174等值线法isoline method 04.175范围法area method 04.176质底法quality base method 04.177量底法quantity base method 04.178分区统计图表法chorisogram method， cartodiagram method 04.179定位统计图表法positioning diagram method 04.180分区统计图法(又称“等值区域法”) cartogram method，choloplethic method 04.181网格法grid method 04.182点状符号point symbol 04.183线状符号line symbol 04.184面状符号area symbol 04.185块状图法block diagram 04.186剖面图法profiles 04.187斜截面法oblique traces 04.188透视截面法perspective traces 04.189地图编缉map editing 04.190编辑大纲map editorial policy 04.191清绘fair drawing 04.192编绘compilation 04.193刻图scribing 04.194蒙绘tracing，mask artwork 04.195编绘原图compiled original 04.196出版原图(又称“制印原图”)final original 04.197图廓edge of the format，map border 04.198图幅mapsheet 04.199图幅尺寸sheet dimension 04.200图幅接边sheet join 04.201图幅编号sheet designation， sheet number 04.202图幅接合表Index diagram， sheet Index 04.203图名map title 04.204图例legend 04.205图历簿mapping recorded file 04.206地图注记lettering 04.207制图资料source material， cartographic document 04.208制图精度mapping accuracy 04.209惯用名conventional name 04.210地名标准化place-name standardization 04.211外语惯用地名exonym 04.212地名正名orthography of geographical name 04.213地理通名geographical general name 04.214地名转写geographical name transcription， geographical name transliteration 04.215地名索引geographical name index 04.216地名录gazetteer 04.217数字地图制图digital cartography 04.218地图制图软件cartographic software 04.219数据采集data capture 04.220矢量数据vector data 04.221栅格数据raster data 04.222地图数字化map digitizing 04.223跟踪数字化tracing digitizing 04.224点方式point mode 04.225连续方式continuous mode 04.226扫描数字化scandigitizing 04.227特征码feature codes 04.228特征码清单feature codesmenu 04.229数据压缩data reduction， data compression 04.230数字化文件digital file 04.231地图数据结构map data structure 04.232网格结构grid structure 04.233多边形结构polygon structure 04.234数字图形处理digital graphic processing 04.235人机交互处理interactive processing 04.236地图叠置分析map overlay analysis 04.237三维显示threedimensional display 04.238开窗windowing 04.239剪辑clipping 04.240定性检索retrieval by header 04.241定位检索(又称“开窗检索”) retrieval by window 04.242拓扑检索topological retrieval 04.243绘图文件plotting file 04.244矢量绘图vector plotting 04.245曲线光滑line smoothing 04.246栅格绘图raster Plotting 04.247平版印刷术lithography 04.248胶印offset printing 04.249四色印刷four color printing 04.250减色印刷reducing color printing 04.251印刷版printing plate 04.252预制感光版(又称“PS版”) presensitized plate 04.253晒版printing down， plate copying 04.254修版retouching 04.255撕膜片peelcoat 04.256正象rightreading 04.257反象wrong-reading， mirror r