Module12 主谓一致语法.doc

Module12 语法学案 主谓一致的应用：教学目标：1、掌握谓语动词的单复数 2、通过本节的讲解，能灵活判断谓语动词。 一、谓语动词用单数形式：1、 可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，2、 “more than one + 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，例如：More than one student was late for school this morning .今天早晨，不止一个学生上学迟到了。3、“a/an +单数名词+or two ”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，例如： A student or two has failed the exam . 一两个学生考试不及格。4、“many a + 单数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数，例如： Many a way has been tried . 已经试过许多办法了。5、某些以s结尾的单数名词news ,works,physics,maths,gymnastics 等及书名、戏曲名、报纸及国家的名称等做主语时，谓语动词用单数，例如： The news is true. 那消息是真的。 The United States was founded in 1776.美国成立于1776年。6、主语从句、动词不定式、动词ing 形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数，例如： How to do it is still a problem .怎样做这件事仍然是一个问题。 Seeing is believing .眼见为实。7、如果and 连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，这时两名次虽由and 连接，但只有一个限定词，谓语动词用单数，例如： The teacher and writer is her friend . 这个既是老师又是作家的人是她的朋友。 My friend and lawyer has caught a bad cold . 我的律师，亦即我的朋友，得了重感冒。8、两个单数名词用and 连接表示不可分割的整体作主语时，谓语动词用单数，例如： Bread and butter is their daily food . 面包和黄油是他们的日常食物。 #这类词常见的有：War and peace 战争与和平iron and steel 钢铁truth and honesty 真诚a watch and chain 一块带链的表a knife and fork 一副刀叉a peasant and writer 一个农民作家9不定代词-thing, -one, -body, -one 作主语时，谓语动词用单数，例如： Everybody likes his poems .所有的人都喜欢他的诗。10、each ,either ,neither,another ,the other ,(a) little ,或much 作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数，例如： Neither of these words is correct .这些单词没有一个是正确的。 Each of the books costs five yuan . 每本书价值五元。11、表示“时间”“距离”“价格”“度量衡”的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，例如： Ten miles isnt a long distance . 10英里并不是一段很长的距离。Four hours is enough to do the experiment . 做这项实验4小时足够了。Twenty years is a long time . 20年时段很长的时间。12、运算数做主语数时，谓语动词用单数，例如：Three times five is fifteen . 3乘以5等于15.Five minus four is one . 5减去4等于1 。Seven times four makes twenty-eight .13、表示数量的“one and a half +复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数，例如：One and a half bananas is left on the table .桌子上还剩下一个半香蕉 。One and a half hours is enough .一个半小时足够了。14、在each+名词 and each +名词，every+名词 and every +名词，no +名词 and no +名词，many a +名词 and many a +名词等由 and 连接并列单数名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数，例如：Each boy and each girl has got a seat .每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个座位。Every man and every woman is at work .每个男人和每个女人都在工作。No sound and no voice is heard for a long while .很长时间没听到一点声音。Every boy and every girl likes the film star .所有的男孩和女孩都喜欢这个电影明星。Every student and every teacher was in the room .每个学生和每个老师都在房间里。Many a boy and many a girl likes it .许多男孩和许多女孩都喜欢这个。二、谓语动词用复数形式：1.表示总称意义的名词people ,police ,cattle ,crew ,clothes ,public等做主语时，谓语动词用复数，例如： The police have caught the thief . 警察抓住了那个小偷 People are talking about the news . 人们都在讨论那则新闻2.由两部分构成的物体如shoes , trousers, glasses 等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。His trousers are of good quality . 他的裤子质量很好。My shoes are under the bed . 我的鞋在床下。但这类名词与 a pair 连用时， 谓语动词往往用单数。This pair of shoes is made in Beijing .这双鞋子是北京制造的There is a pair of glasses on your bed . 你的床上有一幅眼镜。3.两个单数名词用and 或bothand 连接作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但要注意前后两个名词都没有冠词。Both rice and wheat are grown in the place . 这个地方种植水稻和小麦。You , he and I are students . 我，你和他都是学生。Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop . 店里出售咖啡和啤酒。4.表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡的复数名词与pass , go by , waste ,use ,spend 等词连用时，谓语动词用复数。Five years have passed since I joined the Party . 我入党五年了三、由上下文或具体情况来判断单、复数。1.主语后面带有as well as , rather than , like , but , except , besides , with , along with , together with , including 等连接的名词时，谓语动词仍视句首主语的情况而定，如果主语为单数，谓语动词用单数；如果主语为复数，谓语动词也用相应的复数形式。The boy with his dog is here .这个男孩在这儿，还有他的狗。No one but your parents was there then . 那时，除了你的父母没有别人在那里。Tom , together with Mary and Alice , is going to swim this afternoon . 汤姆今天下午要和玛丽及爱丽丝去游泳。The teacher , including his students , is going to see Professor Smith . 那名老师和他的学生们将去看望史密斯教授。2. 主语由neithernor, eitheror, not onlybut also,notbut连接时，谓语动词运用就近原则。例如：Not you but I am to answer for it. 对此应该负责的是我，而不是你。 Either the teacher or the students are to blame.或者是老师，或者是学生要受到责备。Not only the students but also their teacher doesnt know about it.不仅仅是学生，还有他们的老师都对此一无所知。3.there be 句型中，遵循就近一致原则，例如：There is my life and family to look after.我要照顾我的妻子和家庭。There is an apple, two oranges and some bananas on the plate.盘子里有一个苹果，两个橘子和一些香蕉。4.在“one of+ 复数名词+ who(that, which)”引导的定语从句中，从句谓语动词常用复数；若one前有the(only)等修饰语时，从句谓语动词常用单数。例如；She is one of the engineers who are experts in German.她是精通德语的工程师中的一个。She is the only one of the engineers who is expert in German.她是唯一精通德语的工程师。5.群体名词class,team, family, group,nation,world, government等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调其中的“成员”，谓语动词用复数。例如； Our football team is playing well.我们足球队踢得很好。Our football team are having baths and are then coming back here for supper.我们的足球队员在洗澡，然后要回到这里吃晚饭。6.“定冠词+形容词”表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数；若表示某一类抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。例如；The old are taken good care of here.在这儿老年人被照料的很好。The beautiful gives pleasure to all.美丽给所有人带来快乐。7.单、复数同形的名词做主语时，谓语动词一般随意义用相应的单、复数，常见的有sleep,deer等，例如；A sleep is under the tree. 树下有一只绵羊。A group of sheep are near the tree. 那棵树下有一群羊。1. Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are 2. Two days _enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day. A. isnt B. is C. aret D. are 3. How many lessons do you usually haver a day? Six lessons a day. And each of then _45 minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are 4. Neither Liping nor I _a basketball player. A. am B. is C. be D. are 5. There _ many new words in lesson one,It is very easy. A. is B. arent C. isnt D. are 6. The number of the students in our school _1200. A. is B. are C. has D. have 7. Maths _ my favourite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are 8. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city. A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are asle 9. Every one except Tom and John _there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was 10. That place is not interesting at all, _of us wants to go there.A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some 11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have know D. is 12. Whats on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it? There _some eggs and cakes on it. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. This pair of glasses _mine. A. are B. be C. is D. will be 14. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday. A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invirted 15. Two months _quite a long time. Yes, Im afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were 16. In the city the old _. A. take good care of B. are taken good care of C. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of 17. His family _all very kind and friendly, His family _a happy one. A. are,is B. is,is C. are,are D. is,are 18. The singer and the dancer _come to Beijing. A. has B. have C. are D. is 19. The children