英语中省略介词的七种常见情形.docx

英语中省略介词的七种常见情形 1. 介词on的省略表示星期、日期等的时间的介词on有时可省略：Ill arrive (on) Friday. 我将星期五到。See you (on) June 21st. 6月21日见吧。2. 介词for的省略(1) 表示一段时间或距离前的介词有时可省略：I lived there (for) ten years. 我在那儿住了10年。They walked (for) fifty miles. 他们走了50英里。但在否定句中或用于句首时，介词for通常不能省略：For ten years he lived here. 他在这里住过10年。We have not heard from him for a long time. 我们很久没收到他的来信了。另外，若所修饰的动词不是在整个时间范围内都自始自终延续，则for也不省略：I taught her for three years. 我教过她三年。(其中的for不能省略)(2) 某些结构中表示原因的介词for有时可以省略：Pardon me (for) interrupting you. 请原谅我打断你的话。We quite envy you (for) your success. 我们十分羡慕你的成功。Please forgive me (for) my fault. 请原谅我的过错。3. 介词at的省略what time前的介词at通常可以省略：What time did he leave here? 他是什么时候离开这儿的？另外，在“about around 时间名词”前的介词at也通常省略：He arrived (at) about ten oclock. 他大约(在)10点钟到的。at home 这一短语中的介词at在美国英语中通常省略： Lets stay (at) home this evening. 今晚我们就呆在家里吧。4. 介词of的省略all of, both of, half of 用于带限定词(如my, the, these等)的名词前时，其中的介词of通常可以省略：All (of) the students have passed the exam. 所有的学生都考及格了。Both (of) my parents are interested in history. 我的父母都对历史感爱好。Half (of) the milk had been drunk. 有一半牛奶已被喝了。【注】若用于人称代词前，则其中的of不可省略：All (Both, Half) of us wanted to leave. 我们大家(俩，有一半人)都想走。5. 介词from的省略在 prevent stopfrom doing sth(阻止发生)，save(from) doing sth(免去做某事)等结构中的介词from通常可以省略：The heavy rain prevented him (from) coming. 大雨使他不能来。If I can stop them (from) going there, Ill do it. 要是我能够阻止他们去那里，我会这样做的。If you do it tonight, it will save you (from) having to get up early. 你假如今晚做这事，明天早上你就不必早起了。【注】在被动语态中from通常不宜省略。另外，在表示类似含义的prohibitfrom doing sth 中的from习惯上不省略，而在与此同义的keepfrom doing sth中，from则绝不可省略，否则含义不同：He kept me from working. 他不让我工作。He kept me working. 他要我不停地工作。6. 连接代词和副词前介词的省略在tell, ask, depend, look, certain, clear, sure, idea, decide 等常用词后面，who, which, what, where, whether, how 等引导的从句前面的介词通常可以省略：Have you any idea (of) when he will come? 你知道他什么时候来吗?Im not certain (of) what Im supposed to do. 我不肯定我应该做什么。It depends (on) whether you can afford it. 这要看你是否买得起。Tell me (about) what he said to you. 告诉我他给你讲了些什么。若以上从句被简化为“疑问词 不定式”，其前的介词也可省略：Im not quite clear (about) what to do. 我不很确定要做什么。【注】除以上提到的少数情形外，在其他情况下则通常不宜随便省略：Were worried about where he is. 我们担心他上什么地方去了。(about不能省)7. 介词in的省略(1) 在 in this way, in that way, in the same way, in another way 等表达中的介词in 通常可以省略：Do it (in) this way. 这样做。Let me put it (in) another way. 让我用另一种方式解释。(2) 许多动名词前的介词in可以省略：Be careful (in) crossing the street. 过街道要小心。He lost no time (in) answering the question. 他马上就回答了那个问题。但若介词 in 出现在句首，则通常不宜省略：In crossing the street he was run over. 他在穿过马路时被汽车撞倒。在这类用法中要非凡注重一些常用句型： be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事 be late (in) doing sth 做某事做晚了或做迟了spend money time (in) doing sth 花钱(时间)做某事waste money time (in) doing sth 浪费钱(时间)做某事have luck (in) doing sth 做某事时有运气(走运)have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难have trouble (in) doing sth做某事有困难have bother (in) doing sth 做某事费劲 have a problem (in) doing sth做某事有困难have a good time (in) doing sth 做某事很开心have a hard time (in) doing sth 做某事很辛劳find dif