aps体育教育专业(体质健康与测量中英文对照).doc

体质健康与测量体质：体质是人体质量。它是在遗传性和后天获得性基础上表现出来的人体形态结构、生理功能和心理因素的综合的相对稳定的特征，一般来说，可以这样认为，体质好的人身体是健康地，而身体健康的人体质往往是较好的。Physical health and measurementConstitution: the constitution is the human quality. It is acquired based on genetic and acquired on the form and structure of body, physiological function and psychological factors are relatively stable characteristics, generally speaking, this can be considered a good constitution, the human body is healthy, and physical health are often better决定人体质量好坏的因素：1， 先天的遗传性。包括：形态结构，相貌肤色，性格特征，身体素质等如：血型：100% 最大摄氧量：69%-93%2， 后天的获得：社会环境，劳动条件，地区气候，营养状况，体育锻炼，医疗卫生，保健措施等Factors determining the quality of the human body:1, hereditary congenital. Including: the morphological structure, appearance color, character, physical quality etc.Such as: blood: 100% VO2max: 69%-93%2, acquired: the social environment, the working conditions, climate, nutrition, physical exercise, health, health care遗传：（1）遗传对身体形态有影响身体形态具体反映人的体型，遗传对体型有决定性的影响（2）遗传对身体素质有影响（3）遗传对性格有影响（4）遗传对人体健康和寿命有影响体育锻炼与体质（1） 体育锻炼能改善神经系统的功能，（2） 提高循环系统的功能坚持体育锻炼能使心脏血管系统有如下的好处：运动性心脏增大；心搏徐缓和血压降低；每搏输出量增多（3）体育锻炼能提高呼吸系统的功能（4）体育锻炼能增强人体运动系统的功能（5）体育锻炼能提高机体对外界环境的适应能力（6）体育锻炼能提高人的心理健康水平Physical exercise and fitness(1) physical exercise can improve the function of nervous system,(2) and improving circulation system functionInsist on physical exercise can make heart and vascular system has the following advantages: the sport of the cardiac enlargement; bradycardia and decreased blood pressure and stroke volume increased;(3) physical exercise can improve the function of respiratory system(4) physical exercise can enhance the body movement function of the system(5) physical exercise can improve the bodys ability to adapt to the external environment(6) physical exercise can improve the psychological health level of people通常情况下测量包括：人体形态测量1.身高标准体重含义：身高标准体重是将身高和体重综合起来，以每厘米身高的体重分布，确定学生体形匀称度，可反映学生是营养不良、正常体重，还是超重或肥胖。身高的单位为厘米，体重为公斤，测试时保留一位小数1.胸围：胸围是胸廓的最大围度，它表示胸廓的大小和胸部肌肉发育情况，在一定程度上能反映身体形态和呼吸器官的发育状况。测量方法：受试者两脚分开与肩同宽，两臂自然放松下垂。测试者面对受试者，将带尺上缘经背部肩胛下角下缘绕至胸前，男性和乳房未发育的女性经乳头点测量，发育的女性经乳头上方的胸中点（第四胸肋关节）测量2.腰围：主要反映腹壁肌和腹部脂肪的情况，当腹壁肌肉紧张度降低或腹部脂肪堆积过多腰围会增加，体育锻炼可使脂肪减少，腹部张力提高，因而可使腰围减小。测量方法：测试者站在受试者的右侧或对面，将带尺水平放在髂嵴上方34横指的位置（相当于腰部最细处）测量。3.臀围：是臀部向后最突出部位的水平围度。反映臀部骨骼、肌肉和皮下脂肪的发育状况。Typically included measurements:Body shape measurement1 height standard weightMeaning: the weight for height is the height and weight together, with distribution of weight per cm height, make sure the students shape symmetry, can reflect students poor nutrition, or normal weight, overweight or obese. Height in cm, weight kg, keep a decimal test1 bust:The biggest bust is thoracic circumference, it said chest size and chest muscle development, reverse to some extentDevelopment status of reflecting body shape and respiratory organs.Measurement methods: subjects with the feet shoulder width apart, two arms nature relaxation droop. The test in the face of the subjects, the tapeThe upper edge of the lower edge of the back scapular wound to the chest, male and female breast is not development through the nipple point measurement, the development of femaleThe midpoint of the top of the nipple (fourth Sternocostal joint) measurement2 waist:Mainly reflects the abdominal muscle and abdominal fat, when the abdominal wall muscle tension or abdominal adipose accumulation is overmuch waistline will increase physical exercise can make to reduce fat, abdominal tension increased, thus making the decrease in waist circumference.Measurement methods: test stands on the subjects of the right or the opposite, the tape placed horizontally on the iliac crest above the 34 finger position(the equivalent of the waist is weakest) measurement.3 hip:Is the most prominent part of your hips backward level is surrounded degree. Reflect the development status of hip bone, muscle and subcutaneous fat.身体机能测量，循环机能2.台阶试验含义：台阶试验是一项定量负荷机能试验，主要用以测定心血管系统的功能，也可以间接推断机体的耐力。呼吸机能肺活量、肺活量体重指数肺活量：是指在不限时间的情况下，一次最大吸气后再尽最大能力所呼出的气体量。是反映人体生长发育水平的重要机能指标之一。 肺活量的大小与身高、体重、胸围的关系密切，因此在对学生进行评分时采用了肺活量体重指数来进行评价。肺活量体重指数=肺活量体重肺活量的单位为毫升，体重的单位为公斤Body function measurement,Circulatory function2 step testMeaning: step test is a quantitative load function test, is mainly used to determine the function of the cardiovascular system, can also be interConnected to infer that the bodys endurance.BreathingThe vital capacity, vital capacity weight indexVital capacity: refers to the unlimited time, a maximum and then inhale as the largest amount of exhaled gas ability.Is one of the important function index reflects the level of growth and development of the human body.Relationship between vital capacity size and height, weight, chest circumference closely, so in the scores of the students used the vital capacity weight index to evaluate the. Vital capacity vital capacity / body mass index = weightVital capacity unit for ml, weight in kilograms感觉机能身体素质测量速度50米跑、252往返跑该项目主要测量速度素质 速度素质：可以反映人体中枢神经系统的机能状态和神经与肌肉的调节机能，也可以综合地反映人体的爆发力、灵敏、反应、柔韧等素质。力量8.握力、握力体重指数握力：反映受试者的力量素质。 有研究表明，一个人的握力与其全身力量呈高度相关，并且能间接反映一个人的健康状况。 握力的大小与体重有关，因此用握力体重指数进行评分。 握力体重指数=握力体重100 握力单位为公斤，测试时保留1位小数，体重单位为公斤，测试时保留1位小数耐力400米跑50米8往返跑、1000米（男）、 800米（女）上述指标用以评价人体的耐力水平。耐力：是指机体长时间进行肌肉活动并对抗疲劳的能力。是衡量人的体质健康状况和劳动工作能力的基本因素之一灵敏柔韧7.坐位体前屈 用以反映人体柔韧性的测试项目。柔韧性：是指人体完成动作时关节、肌肉、肌腱和韧带的伸展能力。 坐位体前屈测试和评价以厘米为单位，保留一位小数。有正值和负值之分Physical fitness measurementSpeedThe 50 meter run, 25 x 2 back and forthThis project mainly measuring speed qualityThe quality of speed: can reflect the functional state of the human central nervous system and the nerve and muscle adjustment function, can alsoComprehensive reflection of human explosive force, sensitive reaction, flexible quality, etc. Power8 the grip, the grip BMIGrip strength: the strength quality reflect subjects.Research has shown that, was highly correlated with grip a person whole body strength, and can indirectly reflect a persons health status.The size of grip force associated with weight, so the grip BMI score.The grip BMI = grip strength / weight x 100Grip strength in kilograms, retained 1 decimal places test,Weight in kilograms, retained 1 decimal places testEnduranceRun 400 meters and 50 meters x 8 running to and fro, 1000 meters (male), 800 meters (female)The index is used to evaluate the level of human endurance.Endurance: refers to the body length of the muscle activity and the ability of resisting fatigue. Is a measure of peoples health and workOne of the basic factors of dynamic working abilitySensitiveFlexible7 body anteflexion in sitting positionIn order to reflect the body flexibility test project.Flexibility: refers to the stretch ability of joints, muscles, tendons and ligaments of the human body movement.Sit and reach test and evaluation in centimeters, retain a decimal. There are positive and negative values of其他常用的体质测量方法1，.立定跳远立定跳远是测试爆发力的项目，爆发力要求在最短时间内发挥最大的力量。负值立定跳远的测试和评价以米为单位，保留两位小数。2仰卧起坐3.引体向上4.投沙包、掷实心球5.跳绳6.踢毽子6.篮球运球、足球颠球、足球运球、 排球垫球介绍几个体质健康评价常用指标的测量Other commonly used physical measurement method1, the standing long jump.Standing long jump is testing the explosive force of the project, the explosive force requirements of the most of the power in the shortest time.Testing and evaluation of the negative value of standing long jump in meters, retained two decimal places.2 sit ups3 pull ups4 throw sandbags, throw a solid ball5 rope skipping6 kicking shuttlecock6 the basketball dribble, dribble Dianqiu football, soccer, volleyballIntroduced several commonly used measuring physical health evaluation index介绍几个身体形态评价指数：1.体质指数（BMI）=体重（kg）/身高m2 评价：18.522.9为正常体重；2324.9为超重；2529.9为度肥胖；30为度肥胖。国际公认的判断肥胖的方法。2.健康指数=腰围/臀围评价：男性应小于0.9；女性应小于0.8为健康。3.维尔维克指数=（体重+胸围）/身高100 反映了人体长、围、宽、厚度和组织密度，与心肺和呼吸机能密切相关，并且可以说明人体的充实度和发育发达程度。是一个很好的营养评价指标。男、女性自7岁开始，该指数随年龄增长而增加This paper introduces several morphological evaluation index:1 body mass index (BMI) = body weight (kg) / height M2Evaluation: 18.522.9 for the normal weight 2324.9 overweight;2529.9 is more than or equal to 30 for the first degree of obesity; second degree of obesity. International publicMethod to recognize the judgment of obesity.2 health index = waist / hipEvaluation: men should be less than 0.9; females should be less than 0.8 for health.3 weierweike index = (weight / Height x 100 + chest)Reflect human long, Wai, width, thickness and tissue density, closely related with heart, lung and respiratory function, and can beTo prove the human enrichment and develop developed degree. Is a good indicator of nutritional evaluation. Men and women, from the age of 7, the index increased with age体质健康的锻炼方法小学生：7-13岁，以游戏练习为主，刺激神经系统的兴奋性，培养学生锻炼身体的兴趣内容：身体姿势练习（基本队列，基本步法，）跳绳初中学生：13-16岁，人体的重量，围度指标受后天影响程度：50%-70%，身高增长以躯干为主男生：除了下肢练