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Unit9AreDreamsasVitalasSleep 1 IIITextComprehension3 1ComprehensionQuestions3 2TextAnalysis NavigationGuide IRelatedInformation1 1DreamHistory1 2TypesofDream IIDifficultPoints2 1KeyWords2 2KeyPoints 2 Objectives Awaresomefamoustheoriesofdreams Understanding Dreams itsmovement 3 DreamHistory Dreaminterpretationsdatesbackto3000 4000B C BackintheGreekandRomanera dreaminterpretersaccompaniedmilitaryleadersintobattle 4 Dreamswerealsoseenasprophetic Dreamingcanbeseenasanactualplacethatyourspiritandsoulleaveseverynighttogoandvisit 5 TypesofDreams DaydreamLucidDreamRecurringDreamNightmare 6 Daydream anaverageof70 120minutesaday alevelofconsciousnessbetweensleepandwakefulnessItoccursduringourwakinghourswhenweletourimaginationcarryusaway themeaningstoyournightlydreamsymbolsarealsoapplicabletoyourdaydreams 7 Luciddreamingtakesplacewhenyouareinthemiddleofadreamandyourecognizethatitisadream recurringdreamDreamthathasbeenmadeforseveraltimes 8 II DifficultPoints KeyWordsKeyPoints 9 KeyWords Psychiatrist Specialistinstudyandtreatmentofmentalillness Neuropsychologist Scientistswhostudiestherelationshipbetweenthebrainandnervoussystemandbehavior 10 KeyPoints MuscularTone 11 KeyPoints SigmundFreud sHumanMind 12 SigmundFreud 6May1856 23September1939anAustrianneurologistwhofoundedthepsychoanalyticschoolofpsychiatry Freudisbestknownforhistheoriesoftheunconsciousmindandthedefensemechanismofrepression andforcreatingtheclinicalpracticeofpsychoanalysisfortreatingpsychopathologythroughdialoguebetweenapatient technicallyreferredtoasan analysand andapsychoanalyst Freudredefinedsexualdesireastheprimarymotivationalenergyofhumanlife 13 Pavlov 1849 1936 TheRussianscientiststudyingthemechanismsunderlyingthedigestivesysteminmammals awardedtheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein1904 turnedtostudyingthelawsontheformationofconditionedreflexes atopiconwhichheworkeduntilhisdeathin1936 14 While reading ReadthepassagewithintwentyminutesDoexercisesA B D 15 III TextComprehension III TextComprehension ComprehensionQuestionsStructureAnalysis 16 ComprehensionQuestions 1 Whatarethethreebasicphysiologicalcriteriafordreaming 2 Whataretheamountofdreamofnew borninfants adults birdsandreptilesandamphibians 3 whatarethetwoprincipalcharacteristicsofdreamingactivity 4 Whenmaysleepwalkingoccur 5 whatdoyouthinktheimportanceofstudyingdreamsis 6 Whatisthehypothesisdirectingourstudy 17 DisappearanceofmusculartoneRapidEyeMovement REM Characteristicbrainwaves 18 TheAmountofDream Newborninfants 50 Adult 20 Birds 0 5 Reptileandamphibian 0 19 Twoprincipalcharacteristicsofdreamingactivity First rapideyemovement whichwecallphasephenomenonSecond theblockingofmusculartone whichiscalledatonicphenomenon 20 Sleepwalking Notduringdreamperiodsbutinthehalfawake 21 Theimportanceofstudyingdreams Tostudyingdreamsistostudyoneofthebrain smostmysteriousfunctions toknowanimportantphysiologicalroleandtodefinewhatthatroleis Probably studyingdreamscanalsohelpusexplaincertainmentalillnessesandmanyotherthings 22 Thehypothesis Dreamingactivityisinseparablefromotheractivitiesofthenervoussystem Therearenoseparatestatesofwaking sleeping dreaming 23 Outline PartI paras1 20 Theexplorationtodreamsanditsfindings threebasicphysiologicalcriteriafordreamingandpinpointingthecentersresponsibleforthetwoprincipalcharacteristicsofdreamingactivity PartII paras21 26 CatsinastateofhallucinationPartIII paras27 36 Dreamingcanberegulatedatwill 24 Part2 22 26 Catinastateofhallucination hallucination幻觉blockade封锁cosmic宇宙的 Whatotherrelatedrespectsarereferredafterthediscoveryofthecenters 1 Sleepwalking2 Theinfluenceofweightlessnessonastronauts 25 Part3 27 35 dreamingcanberegulatedatwill precursor先质deprive of剥夺 molecule分子instantaneous即时的 瞬间的deform使变形 毁坏形状或外观trituration咀嚼 WhatisthehypothesisDr Jouvethasarrivedatfromtheexperiments Whatisthelimitationofthishypothesis Dreamingactivityisinseparablefromotheractivitiesofthenervoussystem Itfailstoexplainwhythisfunctionsuddenlyappearsintheevolutionofspecieswiththebird tobemagnifiedinakindofexplosionwiththemammals 26 Part1 1 21 psychiatrist精神病专家 精神科医生biochemist生物化学家Freud弗洛伊德Pavlov巴甫洛夫 条件反射经典实验 musculartone肌肉紧张性electrode电极physiological生理学的neurophysiologist神经生理学家 whisker longstiffhairsgrowingnearthemouthofacat rat etc reptile cold blooded egg layinganimals amphibian animalsabletolivebothinlandandinwater physiological生理学的electroencephalogram EEG 脑电图Electroencephal
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