分析液压盘式传动装置的可靠性.doc

分析液压盘式传动装置的可靠性为了进一步提高制动器与液压传动装置的可靠性，增强监测功能是必要的。如果制动器和液压传动装置出现故障，特别是液压的残压以及油污染会导致电磁换向阀的卡住等，都会造成严重后果。 In order to further improve the reliability of brake and hydraulic transmission device, enhance the monitoring function is necessary. If the brake and hydraulic transmission device failure, especially the residual pressure and hydraulic oil pollution will cause the solenoid valve stuck, will cause serious consequences.1 盘式制动器的可靠性理解 Reliability of understanding 1 disc brake从狭义可靠性理解，盘式制动器包含不可维修因素，如制动弹簧失效之后，影响制动力矩，需要更换新弹簧才能使制动器可靠性达到原有水平；闸瓦与闸盘之间摩擦系数衰减，也只能靠更换新闸瓦方能维持原有可靠性水平。从广义可靠性理解，盘式制动器含有可维修因素，如闸瓦磨损后产生的间隙增大，经调整便可达到原有可靠性；液压站零件发生故障，修理后也能使制动器可靠性达到设计水平。由此可知，制动器的工作可靠性是固有可靠性和使用可靠性的综合反映。固有可靠性是由制动器设计制造及材料等因素决定的，在制动器产品出厂时便已明确，使用可靠性则是安装、维护及操作等因素决定的，它反映了制动器固有可靠性在实际运行中的发挥程度，因此，固有可靠性的体现，受使用可靠性的限制，固有可靠性再高，使用可靠性却较低，制动器的实际工作可靠性依然不会高。 Understanding from the narrow reliability, disc brake includes not repair factors, such as after the brake spring failure, effect of braking torque, the need to replace the new spring in order to make the brake reliability reach the original level between brake shoe and the brake disc; friction coefficient of attenuation, can only rely on the more change new shoe in order to maintain the original level of reliability. Understand from the generalized reliability, disc brake comprising repair factors, such as the clearance of brake wear after the increase, the adjustment will be the original reliability; hydraulic station component failure, repair can make brake reliability reached the design level. Therefore, the working reliability of brake is the comprehensive reflection of inherent reliability and the reliability of. Inherent reliability is determined by the brake design and manufacturing materials, in the brake products factory has been clear, the use of reliability is decided to installation, maintenance and operation factors, it reflects the inherent reliability of brake performance degree, in the actual operation, because of this, reflected the inherent reliability, the reliability constraints the inherent reliability, high reliability, the use is relatively low, the actual working reliability of brake is still not high.2 制动器的故障模式分析 Failure mode analysis of 2 brake提升机制动器的故障，是指制动器未能达到设计规定的要求(如制动力矩不足或制动减速度超限)，因而完不成规定的制动任务或完成得不好。盘式制动器有许多故障，但并不是所有故障都会造成严重后果，仅是其中一些故障会影响制动器功能或造成事故损失。因此，在分析制动器故障的同时，还需要对故障的影响或后果进行评价，这称为故障模式和影响分析。制动系统中包括功能件、组件和零件。所谓功能件，是指由几个到几百个零部件组成的，具有独立功能的子系统，例如液压站、盘闸、控制台；组件是由两个以上的零部件构成的并在子系统中保持特定功能的部件，如电磁阀、电液调压装置；零件是指无法继续分解的具有设计规定的单个部件。一般情况下，零件故障都可能导致制动器的故障。在运行过程中，规定时间内无法启动，预定时间内无法停车，制动能力降级或受阻。显然，制动力矩不足等故障将直接引发制动器致命性故障，应倍加注意。近年在实际使用中，已多次发生盘式制动器刹不住车引发的“放大滑”事故，造成很大的 经济 损失。根据上述可靠性的论述，制动器的固有可靠性和使用可靠性的串联乘积，正体现了制动器的工作可靠性。 Hoist fault, is refers to the brake failed to meet the design requirements (such as brake torque or insufficient braking deceleration limit), so dont finish braking mandate or do not good. Disc brake has many faults, but not all the fault will cause serious consequences, is only some of these faults affect brake function or cause loss of accident. Therefore, in the analysis of brake failure at the same time, also need to assess the impact of failure or consequences, this is called a failure modes and effects analysis. Including functional parts, components and parts, brake system. The so-called functional parts, is defined by several to hundreds of components, subsystems have independent functions, such as hydraulic station, disc brake, the console; component is to maintain specific functions in the subsystem components consists of two or more parts and, such as electromagnetic valve, electro-hydraulic pressure regulating device; the parts are unable to continue with the design requirements of a single component decomposition. In general, parts fault may lead to brake failure. In the process of operation, could not be started within the stipulated time, unable to stop time, braking capacity degradation or blocked. Obviously, the braking torque is insufficient failure will directly lead to brake fatal fault, which should be paid attention to. In recent years, in actual use, has been repeatedly occurrence of disc brake not brake car triggered the amplifying slide accident, which caused great economic loss. According to the reliability of series product, the inherent reliability and reliability of brake, reflects the reliability of brake.3 制动器工作可靠评定 The 3 brake reliability evaluation制动装置各单元之间常常表现为钢塑土工格栅串联关系，只有液压站的动力部分是冷储备关系，而多副盘形闸的制动力矩则是表决状态关系(或简化为并联关系)，这些复杂的功能关系使制动装置的可靠性评定比较复杂。在实际工作中，制动装置可靠性评定分为现场可靠性评定和理论可靠性评定。现场可靠性评定是通过收集现场运行提升机的寿命数据，对制动器的mtbf、和寿命分布等参数进行估计；理论可靠性评定则是依据可靠性 计算 方法，对制动器关键单元的可靠性做分析计算。显然，现场可靠性评定具有全面性，方法简单；而理论可靠性评定则过于抽象，但却具有指导意义。 Between each unit braking equipment often appear to be connected in series, only the power of hydraulic station is cold reserves, and brake moment multiple disc brake is voting state relations (or simplified parallel), these complex function relationships enable reliability evaluation of complex brake device. In actual work, braking device reliability assessment is divided into field reliability evaluation and theory of reliability evaluation. Field reliability assessment is through the collection of site operation promotion life data machine, the brakes on the MTBF, and life distribution parameters; reliability assessment is based on the theory of reliability calculation method of reliability analysis and calculation on the brake, do key unit. Obviously, the scene is comprehensive, reliability evaluation method is simple; and the theory of reliability assessment is too abstract, but it has guiding significance4 制动器维护可靠性评定 The 4 brake maintenance reliability evaluation我们从实践中可以体会到，维护良好的制动器一般情况下都能够发挥应有的功能，而维护不善的制动器则往往潜伏事故隐患。从制动器的故障模式分析不难看到，保证制动器的固有可靠性的主要维护工作包括:制动闸瓦与闸盘间隙的调整；闸盘污染控制；液压站油压值整定及残压限制。在以上三项维护工作中，若有一项维护工作未做好，都会影响制动器的固有可靠性发挥。因此，维护可靠性是这三项单元可靠性的串联组合，即闸瓦同步贴闸可靠性、闸盘污染可靠性与液压站残压可靠性三者的乘积。除渣机贴闸可靠性是指制动器所有制动闸同步贴闸的能力；若贴闸同步能力差，则制动力矩达不到设计值，固有可靠性保障能力差。闸盘污染可靠性是指污染闸盘与闸瓦摩擦制动力矩不减值的能力；残压可靠性则是指液压站残压不超过规定值的能力。由于当前维护工作和结构设计中对闸盘污染都给予高度重视，所以发生非人为污染的概率非常小。残压可靠性与液压系统故障和电液阀调整、阀弹簧的抗疲劳能力有关。因此，维护可靠性的重点在于闸瓦间隙调整而影响的贴闸可靠性。 We can see from the practice experience, the maintenance of good brake general can play its function, and poor maintenance of brake is often latent hidden danger of accident. From the failure mode analysis of brake is not difficult to see, to ensure the maintenance of the inherent reliability of brake includes: brake shoes and brake disc clearance adjustment of the brake disc; pollution control; oil pressure value setting and residual pressure limit of hydraulic station. In the above three maintenance work, if there is a maintenance work not done, will influence the inherent reliability of brake. Therefore, to maintain the reliability of series combination of the three unit reliability, is a product of the brake shoe, brake disc brake reliability of synchronous with pollution reliability and hydraulic station residual pressure and reliability of the three. Stick gate reliability refers to the ability of all brake brake synchronous stick gate; if the attached brake synchronous ability is poor, then the brake torque is less than the design value, reliability guarantee capability inherent difference. Brake disc pollution reliability refers to ability of pollution brake disc and brake shoe friction braking torque is not impaired; residual voltage reliability refers to the hydraulic station residual voltage does not exceed the capacity of the specified value. Due to the current maintenance work and structure design of brake disc pollution have paid much attention to, so artificial pollution occurrence probability is very small. Residual voltage reliability and hydraulic sy