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CA10B解放牌汽车第四速及第五速变速叉”机械加工工艺规程及其M10 x1螺纹孔加工夹具设计【CAD图纸和说明书】

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CA10B解放牌汽车第四速及第五速变速叉”机械加工工艺规程及其M10x1螺纹孔加工夹具设计【CAD图纸和说明书】.rar

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关键词：: ca10b 解放汽车第四第五变速机械加工工艺规程及其 m10x1 螺纹罗纹夹具设计 cad 图纸以及说明书仿单

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摘要

本次设计是汽车变速箱中变速叉零件的加工工艺规程及一些工序的专用夹具设计。此变速叉零件的结构较为复杂，其加工的地方主要是孔和平面。本设计先加工孔后加工面。将孔与平面的加工明确划分成粗加工和精加工阶段以保证它们的加工精度。基准选择以变速叉右面的最大的平面作为粗基准，来加工中间的通孔，然后以此加工过的孔作为精基准。主要加工工序安排是先以中心孔定位加工出顶平面和右侧平面以及下面的大孔的两平面，再以中心孔定位加工出下端的大孔。加工时是用镗床镗孔。最后以这两个孔为基准，分别加工右侧的槽和顶面的螺纹底孔。整个加工过程选用了钻床、铣床和镗床。工件在机床上定位夹紧选用专用夹具，夹紧方式为手动夹紧，夹紧可靠，操作方便。因此生产效率较高，适用于中批量、流水线上加工。能够满足设计要求。

关键词: 加工工艺定位夹紧专用夹具

Abstract

This design is a lather to become soon an appropriation for inside pulling out fork spare parts processing craft rules distance and some work prefaces tongs design.This pull out the construction of the fork spare parts than for complicacy, its the place that process is a peaceful in bore primarily.This design processes after processing first the bore.Process with flat surface the clear and definite dividing the line the bore the coarseness processes to process with the nicety the stage to guarantee their process the precise degree.The basis choice to pull out rough basis of conduct and actions of the biggest flat surface of the right in fork, process the in the center in general use bore, then be used as the precise basis with the bore that processed.Processing primarily work preface arrangement is first to process a flat surface with the center bore fixed position with the right side flat surface and below big bore of two flat surface, again with center bore the fixed position processes the big bore that carry down.While processing is to use the boring machine boring bore.Regard these two bores as the basis finally, process the right-hand slot respectively with the thread bottom bore of the a.Whole processes the process chose to use to the drill machine, miller with the boring machine .The tongs chooses to use the appropriation tongs, clipping tight way as to move to clip tight, clip tight and dependable, operation convenience.Therefore produce the efficiency higher, be applicable to the middle quantity measures, the flowing water is on-line to process.Can satisfy the design request.

Keywords Process the craft，Fixed position，Clip tight，Appropriation tongs

摘要- 1 -

Abstract- 2 -

1序言- 5 -

1.1机械制造工艺的目标- 6 -

1.2工艺的任务- 7 -

1.3工艺规程的基本要求- 8 -

2.零件的分析- 10 -

2.1零件的作用- 10 -

2.2零件的工艺分析- 10 -

3工艺规程设计- 11 -

3.1 加工工艺过程- 11 -

3.2确定各表面加工方案- 11 -

3.3确定毛坯的制造形式- 12 -

3.4基面的选择- 13 -

3.5工艺路线的拟定- 15 -

3.6机械加工余量,工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸确定.- 20 -

3.7确定切削用量及基本工时- 21 -

4夹具设计- 25 -

4.1设计思想- 25 -

4.2定位基准的选择- 25 -

4.3切削力及夹紧力的计算- 25 -

4.4误差分析与计算- 27 -

4.5导向方案及导向元件的选择和设计- 27 -

4.6夹具操作说明- 28 -

参文考献- 30 -

致谢- 31 -

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钻M10螺纹孔夹具装配图.gif

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内容简介：: 工程学院机械加工工艺过程卡片产品型号 831011 产品型号共 2 页产品名称解放汽车第四及第五变速叉零件名称解放汽车第四及第五变速叉第 1 页材料牌号 40Cr 毛坯种类铸件毛坯外型尺寸 218mmx92mmx161mm 每毛坯件数 1 每台件数 1 备注工序号工序名称工序内容车间工段设备工艺装备工时准终单件 00 毛坯 10 铣粗铣 1624.00 mm 槽；金工 XA6132 型万能升降台铣床专用夹具， W18Cr4V 立铣刀，游标卡尺 0.29min 20 铣粗铣 1624.00 mm 槽的两侧面；金工 XA6132 型万能升降台铣床专用夹具，高速钢三面刃圆盘铣刀，卡板 0.56min 30 铣粗铣 19045.00 mm 孔上端两端面金工 XA6132 型万能升降台铣床专用夹具，高速钢镶齿三面刃铣刀，卡板 0.11min 40 车 1624.00 mm 槽 1.5*450倒角金工卧式车床C620-1 专用夹具，高速钢车刀 0.11min 50 钻 1、钻孔 18.5045.00 mm； 2、铰孔 19 045.00mm； 3、 19 045.00mm 孔倒角 1*450 金工 Z5125 立式钻床专用夹具，高速钢钻头，高速钢绞刀， 900锪钻 0.95min 60 钻钻 M10 螺纹孔并倒角 1200 金工 Z5125 立式钻床专用夹具，麻花钻，卡板 0.24min 70 攻螺纹攻螺纹 M10；金工 C620-1 专用夹具，高速钢螺纹刀 0.24min 80 铣粗铣 82.210 mm 孔端面金工 XA6132 型万能升降台铣床专用夹具，高速钢圆柱铣刀，卡板 0.75min 90 镗粗镗 81.710 mm 孔；金工 T740 双面卧式金刚镗床专用夹具，双刃镗刀 0.96min 100 镗精镗 82.210 mm 孔；金工 T740 双面卧式金刚镗床专用夹具，双刃镗刀 0.64min 110 车 82.210 mm 孔 1*450倒角金工 C620-1 型车床专用夹具，外圆车刀 0.96min 120 铣精铣 82.210 mm 孔的两端面；金工 XA6132 型万能升降台铣床专用夹具，高速钢圆柱铣刀 1min nts130 检验入库标记处数更改文件号签字日期标记处数更改文件号签字设计（日期）审核（日期）会签（日期）谢宝亭（ 2010.4） nts 2010届本科生毕业论文（设计）中期汇报表填表日期： 2010-5-01 专业机械设计制造及其自动化学院工程学院姓名谢宝亭指导教师李宝玉论文（设计）题目设计 CA10B解放牌汽车变速叉的工艺规程及工艺装备任务书毕业论文（设计）前期工作小结经过了几周的学习和认识对课题有了更加深入的认识。 CA10B解放牌汽车变速叉加工工艺及工艺规程的设计的主要任务是： (1) 完成变速叉零件加工工艺规程的制定； (2) 完成专用夹具的设计。通过对变速叉零件的初步分析，了解其零件的主要特点，加工难易程度，主要加工面和加工粗、精基准，从而制定出变速叉加工工艺规程；对于专用夹具的设计，首先分析零件的加工工艺，选取定位基准，然后再根据切销力的大小、批量生产情况来选取夹紧方式，从而设计专用夹具。在设计时遇到了很多学习时没有接触过的知识，但我在老师和同学的帮助下还是一步一步克服了缺乏相关的知识。在此次设计的中期，我主要是完成 CA10B 解放牌汽车变速叉的工艺工序设计阶段，填写加工工艺过程卡片和工序卡片并开始进行设计夹具。为最后顺利的完成设计任务打好基础。指导教师意见指导教师签名： nts外文原文： Machine design theory The machine design is through designs the new product or improves the old product to meet the human need the application technical science. It involves the project technology each domain, mainly studies the product the size, the shape and the detailed structure basic idea, but also must study the product the personnel which in aspect the and so on manufacture, sale and use question. Carries on each kind of machine design work to be usually called designs the personnel or machine design engineer. The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineering material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge. If front sues, the machine design goal is the production can meet the human need the product. The invention, the discovery and technical knowledge itself certainly not necessarily can bring the advantage to the humanity, only has when they are applied can produce on the product the benefit. Thus, should realize to carries on before the design in a specific product, must first determine whether the people do need this kind of product The machine design must regard as the machine design personnel carries on using creative ability the product design, the system analysis and a formulation product manufacture technology good opportunity. Grasps the project elementary knowledge to have to memorize some data and the formula is more important than. The merely service data and the formula is insufficient to the completely decision which makes in a good design needs. On the other hand, should be earnest precisely carries on all operations. For example, even if places wrong a decimal point position, also can cause the correct design to turn wrongly. A good personnel design should dare to propose the new idea. moreover is willing to undertake the certain risk, when the new method is not suitable, use original method. Therefore, designs the personnel to have to have to have the patience, because spends the time and the endeavor certainly cannot guarantee brings ntssuccessfully. A brand-new design, the request screen abandons absolutely many, knows very well the method for the people. Because many person of conservativeness does this certainly is not an easy matter. A mechanical designer should unceasingly explore the improvement existing product the method, should earnestly choose originally, the process confirmation principle of design in this process, with has not unified it after the confirmation new idea. Newly designs itself can have the question occurrence which many flaws and has not been able to expect, only has after these flaws and the question are solved, can manifest new goods come into the market the product superiority. Therefore, a performance superior product is born at the same time, also is following a higher risk. Should emphasize, if designs itself does not request to use the brand-new method, is not unnecessary merely for the goal which transform to use the new method. In the design preliminary stage, should allow to design the personnel fully to display the creativity, not each kind of restraint. Even if has had many impractical ideas, also can in the design early time, namely in front of the plan blueprint is corrected. Only then, only then does not send to stops up the innovation the mentality. Usually, must propose several sets of design proposals, them perform the comparison. Has the possibility very much in the plan which finally designated, has used certain not in plan some ideas which accepts. How does the psychologist frequently discuss causes the machine which the people adapts them to operated. Design personnels basic responsibility is diligently causes the machine to adapt the people. This certainly is not an easy work, because certainly does not have to all people to say in fact all is the most superior operating area and the operating process. Another important question, project engineer must be able to carry on the exchange and the consultation with other concerned personnel. In the initial stage, designs the personnel to have to carry on the exchange and the consultation on the preliminary design with the administrative personnel, and is approved. This generally is through the oral discussion, the schematic diagram and the writing material carries on. In order to carry on the effective exchange, needs to solve the following problem: nts(1) Designs whether this product truly does need for the people? Whether there is competitive ability (2) Does this product compare with other companies existing similar products? (3) Produces this kind of product is whether economical? (4) Product service is whether convenient? (5) Product whether there is sale? Whether may gain? Only has the time to be able to produce the correct answer to above question. But, the product design, the manufacture and the sale only can in carry on to the above question preliminary affirmation answer foundation in. Project engineer also should through the detail drawing and the assembly drawing, carries on the consultation together with the branch of manufacture to the finally design proposal usually, can have some problem in the manufacture process. Possibly can request to some components size or the common difference makes some changes, causes the components the production to change easily. But, in the project change must have to pass through designs the personnel to authorize, guaranteed cannot damage the product the function. Sometimes, when in front of product assembly or in the packing foreign shipment experiment only then discovers in the design some kind of flaw. These instances exactly showed the design is a dynamic process. Always has a better method to complete the design work, designs the personnel to be supposed unceasingly diligently, seek these better methods. Recent year, the engineering material choice already appeared importantly. In addition, the choice process should be to the material continuously the unceasing again appraisal process. The new material unceasingly appears, but some original materials can obtain the quantity possibly can reduce. The environmental pollution, material recycling aspect and so on use, workers health and security frequently can attach the new limiting condition to the choice of material. In order to reduce the weight or saves the energy, possibly can request the use different material. Comes from domestic and international competition, to product service maintenance convenience request enhancement and customers aspect the and so on feedback pressure, can urge the people to carry on to the material reappraises. Because the ntsmaterial does not select when created the product responsibility lawsuit, has already had the profound influence. In addition, the material and between the material processing interdependence is already known by the people clearly. Therefore, in order to can and guarantees the quality in the reasonable cost under the premise to obtain satisfaction the result, project engineer makes engineers all to have earnestly carefully to choose, the determination and the use material. Makes any product the first step of work all is designs. Designs usually may divide into several explicit stages: (a) preliminary design; (b) functional design; (c) production design. In the preliminary design stage, the designer emphatically considered the product should have function. Usually must conceive and consider several plans, then decided this kind of thought is whether feasible; If is feasible, then should makes the further improvement to or several plans. In this stage, the question which only must consider about the choice of material is: Whether has the performance to conform to the request material to be possible to supply the choice; If no, whether has a bigger assurance all permits in the cost and the time in the limit develops one kind of new material. In the functional design and the engineering design stage, needs to make a practical feasible design. Must draw up the quite complete blueprint in this stage, chooses and determines each kind of components the material. Usually must make the prototype or the working model, and carries on the experiment to it, the appraisal product function, the reliability, the outward appearance and the service maintenance and so on. Although this kind of experiment possibly can indicate, enters in the product to the production base in front of, should replace certain materials, but, absolutely cannot this point take not earnestly chooses the material the excuse. Should unify the product the function, earnestly carefully considers the product the outward appearance, the cost and the reliability. Has the achievement very much the company when manufacture all prototypes, selects the material should the material which uses with its production in be same, and uses the similar manufacture technology as far as possible. Like this has the advantage very much to the company. The function complete prototype if cannot act according to the anticipated sales volume economically to make, or is prototypical and the official production installment has in the quality and the reliable aspect is very greatly different, then this kind of prototype does not have the great value. Project engineer is best can completely complete the ntsmaterial in this stage the analysis, the choice and the determination work, but is not remains it to the production design stage does. Because, is carries on in the production design stage material replacement by other people, these people are inferior to project engineer to the product all functions understanding. In the production design stage, is should completely determine with the material related main question the material, causes them to adapt with the existing equipment, can use the existing equipment economically to carry on the processing, moreover the material quantity can quite be easy to guarantee the supply. In the manufacture process, inevitably can appear to uses the material to make some changes the situation. The experience indicated that, may use certain cheap materials to take the substitute. However, in the majority situation, in will carry on the production later to change the material to have in to start before the production to change the price which the material will spend to have to be higher than. Completes the choice of material work in the design stage, may avoid the most such situations. Started after the production manufacture to appear has been possible to supply the use the new material is replaces the material the most common reason. Certainly, these new materials possibly reduce the cost, the improvement product performance. But, must carry on the earnest appraisal to the new material, guarantees .its all performance all to answer the purpose. Must remember that, the new material performance and the reliable very few pictures materials on hand such understood for the people. The majority of products expiration and the product accident caused by negligence case are because in selects the new material to take in front of substitution material, not truly understood their long-term operational performance causes. The product responsibility lawsuit forces designs the personnel and the company when the choice material, uses the best procedure. In the material process, five most common questions are: (a) did not understand or cannot use about the material application aspect most newly the best information paper; (b) has not been able to foresee and to consider the dusk year possible reasonable use (for example to have the possibility, designs the personnel also to be supposed further to forecast and the consideration because product application method not when creates consequence. recent years many products responsibilities lawsuit case, because wrongly uses the plaintiff which the product receives the injury to accuse produces the factory, and wins the decision); (c) uses the material data not entire perhaps some data are indefinite, works as its long-term performance data is the like this time in particular; nts(d) the quality control method is not suitable and not after the confirmation; (e) the personnel which completely is not competent for the post by some chooses the material. Through to the above five questions analysis, may obtain these questions is does not have the sufficient reason existence the conclusion. May for avoid these questions to these questions research analyses the appearance indicating the direction. Although uses the best choice of material method not to be able to avoid having the product responsibility lawsuit, designs the personnel and the industry carries on the choice of material according to the suitable procedure, may greatly reduce the lawsuit the quantity. May see from the above discussion, the choice material people should to the material nature, the characteristic and the processing method have comprehensive and the basic understanding. nts译文：机械设计理论机械设计是一门通过设计新产品或者改进老产品来满足人类需求的应用技术科学。它涉及工程技术的各个领域，主要研究产品的尺寸、形状和详细结构的基本构思，还要研究产品在制造、销售和使用等方面的问题。进行各种机械设计工作的人员通常被称为设计人员或者机械设计工程师。机械设计是一项创造性的工作。设计工程师不仅在工作上要有创造性，还必须在机械制图、运动学、工程材料、材料力学和机械制造工艺学等方面具有深厚的基础知识。如前所诉，机械设计的目的是生产能够满足人类需求的产品。发明、发现和科技知识本身并不一定能给人类带来好处，只有当它们被应用在产品上才能产生效益。因而，应该认识到在一个特定的产品进行设计之前，必须先确定人们是否需要这种产品。应当把机械设计看成是机械设计人员运用创造性的才能进行产品设计、系统分析和制定产品的制造工艺学的一个良机。掌握工程基础知识要比熟记一些数据和公式更为重要。仅仅使用数据和公式是不足以在一个好的设计中做出所需的全部决定的。另一方面，应该认真精确的进行所有运算。例如，即使将一个小数点的位置放错，也会使正确的设计变成错误的。一个好的设计人员应该勇于提出新的想法，而且愿意承担一定的风险，当新的方法不适用时，就使用原来的方法。因此，设计人员必须要有耐心，因为所花费的时间和努力并不能保证带来成功。一个全新的设计，要求屏弃许多陈旧的，为人们所熟知的方法。由于许多人墨守成规，这样做并不是一件容易的事。一位机械设计师应该不断地探索改进现有的产品的方法，在此过程中应该认真选择原有的、经过验证的设计原理，将其与未经过验证的新观念结合起来。新设计本身会有许多缺陷和未能预料的问题发生，只有当这些缺陷和问题被解决之后，才能体现出新产品的优越性。因此，一个性能优越的产品诞生的同时，也伴随着较高的风险。应该强调的是，如果设计本身不要求采用全新的方法，就没有必要仅仅为了变革的目的而采用新方法。在设计的初始阶段，应该允许设计人员充分发挥创造性，不受各种约束。即使产生了许多不切实际的想法，也会在设计的早期，即绘制图纸之前被改正掉。只有这样，才不致于堵塞创新的思路。通常，要提出几套设计方案，然后加以比较。很有可能在最后选定的方案中，采用了某些未被接受的方案中的一些想法。 nts心理学家经常谈论如何使人们适应他们所操作的机器。设计人员的基本职责是努力使机器来适应人们。这并不是一项容易的工作，因为实际上并不存在着一个对所有人来说都是最优的操作范围和操作过程。另一个重要问题，设计工程师必须能够同其他有关人员进行交流和磋商。在开始阶段，设计人员必须就初步设计同管理人员进行交流和磋商，并得到批准。这一般是通过口头讨论，草图和文字材料进行的。为了进行有效的交流，需要解决下列问题：（ 1）所设计的这个产品是否真正为人们所需要？（ 2）此产品与其他公司的现有同类产品相比有无竞争能力？（ 3）生产这种产品是否经济？（ 4）产品的维修是否方便？（ 5）产品有无销路？是否可以盈利？只有时间能对上述问题给出正确答案。但是，产品的设计、制造和销售只能在对上述问题的初步肯定答案的基础上进行。设计工程师还应该通过零件图和装配图，与制造部门一起对最终设计方案进行磋商。通常，在制造过程中会出现某个问题。可能会要求对某个零件尺寸或公差作一些更改，使零件的生产变得容易。但是，工程上的更改必须要经过设计人员批准，以保证不会损伤产品的功能。有时，在产品的装配时或者装箱外运前的试验中才发现设计中的某种缺陷。这些事例恰好说明了设计是一个动态过程。总是存在着更好的方法来完成

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