3,反意疑问句对应规则.doc

反意疑问句对应规则反意疑问句是英语四大问句之一，它是由一个陈述句加上一个短问句而构成的。反意疑问句的基本构成形式是：陈述句+动词(肯定或否定)+主语？如： She often has lunch at school, doesnt she? You dont like sports, do you? 使用反意疑问句要注意以下若干对应规则： 一、反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系，即： 肯定+否定？否定+肯定？如： You cant do it, can you? They are very late for the meeting, arent they? 二、 反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词种类要对应一致。如： He has supper at home every day, doesnt he? (不能用hasnt he?) They have known the matter, havent they? (不能用dont they?) 三、 反意疑问句中问句部分的动词在时态上应和陈述部分的时态一致。如： They will go to town soon, wont they?(不能用dont they?或arent they?) He works very hard, doesnt he?(不能用didnt he?或wont he?) 四、反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-, 等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。如： Your father is unhappy, isnt he?(不能用is he?) The man is dishonest, isnt he? (不能用is he?) It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words, isnt it?(不能用is it?) 五、反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。如： She never tells a lie, does she?(不用doesnt she?) He was seldom late, was he?(不用wasnt he?) 六、反意疑问句的陈述部分为I am时，问句部分习惯上用arent I？表示。如：I am a very honest man, arent I? 七、反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We) think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时，问句部分的动词及主语与that从句内的动词和主语保持一致。如： I think that he has done his best, hasnt he? We think that English is very useful, isnt it? (不用dont we?) 八、反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We) dont think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that从句时，从句为否定意义，问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如： I dont think that you can do it, can you? (不用do I?) We dont believe that the news is true, is it? (不用do we?) 九、反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+ think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如： They all think that English is very important, dont they? (不用isnt it?) He didnt think that the news was true, did he? (不用wasnt/ was it?) 十、反意疑问句的陈述部分为主语+said( told, reported, asked) + that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如： They said that you had finished your work, didnt they? (不用hadnt you) Kate told you that she would go there, didnt she? (不用wouldnt she?) 十一、陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时，问句部分的主语用it。如： Something is wrong with the computer, isnt it? Nothing has happened to them, has it? 十二、陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody(someone), anybody(anyone), nobody(no one), everybody(everyone)时，问句部分的主语用he或 they，这时问句动词的数应和he或 they一致。如： Someone has taken the seat, hasnt he? Everyone has done their best in the game, havent they? 十三、陈述部分为Let me时，问句部分习惯上用shall I? 或will you?形式。如： Let me have a try, shall I?(will you?) 十四、陈述部分为Let us时，问句部分习惯上用will you?形式。如： Let us stop to rest, will you? 十五、陈述部分为Lets时，问句部分习惯上用shall we?形式。如： Lets go home together, shall we? 二十、陈述部分用used to +主语时，问句部分用didnt + 主语？或usednt +主语？形式。 He used to live in the country, didnt he?/usednt he? They used to be good friends, didnt they?/usednt they? 二十一、陈述部分用must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推测时，若句中带有明显的过去时间的状语，问句部分动词用过去时形式。如： He might have forgotten his pen in the classroom yesterday, didnt he? (不用mightnt he?/ hasnt he?) You must have got up late this morning, didnt you?(不用mustnt you?/havent you?) 二十二、陈述部分用must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推测时，若句中没有带明显的过去时间的状语，问句部分动词用现在完成时形式。如： Everyone must have known the death of the waitress, havent they? (不用mustnt they?) You must have worked there a year ago, didnt you?(不用mustnt you?/ havent you?) 反意疑问句（Disjunctive Questions ）的定义: 反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句（tag question）在陈述句之后，附加上一个简短句，对陈述句所叙述的事情提出的事情提出相反的疑问，这种疑问句叫反意疑问句。换句话说，反意疑问句由两 部分组成，前一部分是对是对事物的陈述，后一部分是针对所提出是事提出疑问。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分就用否定式；如果前一部分用否定式，后一部分 就用肯定式。反意疑问句陈述部分用降调，简短问句部分可以用升调,也可以用降调，这得由提问者决定。提问者对陈述部分把握较大时，问句用降调；把握不大时用升调。 反意疑问句前后两部分所遵循的规则： 1. 前后语气相反。 A前一部分用肯定式，后一部分就用否定式。 (1) You are a student, arent you ? (2) She reads Chinese every day, doesnt she (3) John went to school, didnt he? (4) She has done his homework, hasnt he? (5) They can speak English, cant they? (6) You will come in, wont you? B. 前一部分用否定式，后一部分就用肯定式。 (1) He isnt a singer, is he? (2) They dont play the guitar, do they? (3) You couldnt write it, could you? (4) We didnt see Tom, did we? (5) She hasnt seen Lily, has she? (6) he cant ride the bike, can he? 2. 前后人称一致。 (1) We are teachers, arent we? (2) She comes from Japan, doesnt she? (3) He read maths every day last year, didnt she? (4) They have done their work, havent they? (5) It will be fine, wont it? 3. 前后时态一致。 (1) You are a teacher ,arent you? (2) He comes from Japan, doesnt he? (3) She studied Chinese last year, didnt she? (4) They have learned English, havent they? (5) It will rain , wont it? 4. 简短问句部分要用缩写形式。 (1) You are a student, arent you ? (2) She reads Chinese every day, doesnt she? (3) John went to school, didnt he? (4) She has done his homework, hasnt he? (5) They can speak English, cant they? (6) You will come in, wont you? 5. 简短问句部分的主语要用人称代词主格。 (1) This book is yours, isnt it? (2) Tom dosent know me, does he? (3) Lucy and Lily played the piano, didnt they? (4) Kates dog has eaten 3 chickens, hasnt it? (5) His desk and bike are red, arent they? (6) His milk isnt bad, is it? 反意疑问句中的特例。 (1) There be 变成be There： There are 3 dogs ,are there? (2) I am a worker，arent I? (3) 陈述部分是祈使句时，从句应具体情况具体对待。 * Dont forget it will you? (不用Wont you? ) * Come here early please, will wont you? * Lets go to the beach, shall shant we? * Let us go to the beach, will wont you? (4) 陈述部分谓语是think, suppose, believe, expect等，且主语为第一人称或第二人称时，简略句肯定或否定语气与主句对应，而主语和时态却与从句一致。 * I dont think you are right, are you? * I dont believe he has done it, has he? (5) 当陈述部分的主语为代词-body,-one构成的不定代词时，简略句的主语多用they; 当陈述部分的主语为-ing构成的不定代词时，简略句的主语多用it.*Everyone is here, arent they?*Playing football in the street is right, isnt it?(6) 当陈述部分的主语为代词： this, that, nonthing,不定式，动名词或从句时，简略句的主语用it,陈述部分的主语为these, those, nobody, eveybody, somebody等，简略句的主语用they。*That is a dog, isnt it?*These are apples, arent they?*Nothing is right, is it?*To see is to believe, isnit?*Everyone comes here ,dont they? *Nobody can help us, can they？* Everything is ready, isnt it?(7) 当陈述部分的主语含有no, never, hardly, little, seldom few,等词，这部分按否定处理，为简略句应用肯定式。 *He can hardly read English, can he？*It seldom rains here, does it?*He has no classes today, does he?(8) 当陈述部分的主语含有un-,-less, dis-等带有前（后）缀的词，这部分按肯定处理，简略句应用否定式。*It is unfair ,isnt it?*He dislike it, doesnt he?(9) 当陈述部分的情态动词表推测时的特殊情况：当陈述部分的情态动词表推测时简略句应以情态动词后的动词为标准，去作相应的变化。*Jack must have arrived here, hasnt he?*Li Ping must have finished her work last night, didnt she? 反意疑问句的特殊答语。 对于反意疑问句的的回答，不管问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的,就用yes，如果事实否定的，就用no 。当陈述部分为否定时要特别注意，这时的英语和汉语的答语是不同的。例如： (1) 当陈述部分为肯定，简略句部分为否定时的答语和一般疑问句相同。*He is a student, isnt he?*Yes, he is. No, he isnt.是的，他是。不，他不是。(2) 当陈述部分为否定，简略句部分为肯定时的答语。 当陈述部分为否定，简略句为肯定时的答语，时意义就会和汉语大相径庭：Yes, No和汉语的意义相反。*Kate didnt play the piano yesterday, did she? *Yes, she did. No, she didnt.不，他弹了。是的，他没弹。*They arent reading the book, are they? *Yes, they are. No, he arent.不，他们正在读，是的，他们没读。*Lucy didnt ride the bike, did she ？*Yes, she did. No, she didnt.不，她骑了。是的，他没骑。 大家在平常只要能巧记、多用。特殊情况，特殊对待，在交际中会轻松掌握。相信：以不变去应万变，因为“万变不离其宗。” 1反意疑问句的用法1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 arent I.Im as tall as your sister，arent I?2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。I wish to have a word with you, may I?3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he?5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用dont +主语（didnt +主语）。We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we?6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he?7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadnt you?Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you?8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?9) 陈述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldnt +主语。Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。He must be a doctor, isnt he?You must have studied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you?He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he?11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。What colors, arent they? What a smell, isnt it?12) 陈述部分由neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。Everything is ready, isnt it?14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he?b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he?c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。I dont think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, cant she?15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。Everyone knows the answer, dont they? (does he?)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you?当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。Dont do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / wont you ?注意： Lets 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?Lets go and listen to the music, shall we?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?18) 陈述部分是there be结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。There is something wrong with your watc