Redhat系列下安装rubyOnRails的生产环境.doc

Redhat系列下安装rubyOnRails的生产环境 简单描述 这里介绍的内容是基于redhat系列(rhel或者centos)的。由于各个发行版的情况都有不一样的地方，如果使用的是其他发行版本请自行google。另外我测试的环境是gcc4.x，这里使用的数据库是oracle,mysql的内容以后再加。 主要软件及用途如下:ruby1.8.7-p72-mbari(ruby解释器，用来解释ruby语言用的)rails2.1.2(一个用ruby写的一站式快速开发框架)oracle10g(数据库)ruby-oci8(用来和oracle交互用的ruby库)ruby-odbc(用来和odbc交互用的ruby库)RMagick(图形处理库)memcached(流行的分布式缓存服务器)lighttpd/nginx(web前端服务器)mongrel/thin(用来处理动态请求的http服务器)fcgi(fast cgi运行模块) 一般是使用多进程单线程的运行方式，部署在lighttpd+fcgi(非常高效,安装麻烦)，或者nginx+mongrel/thin(高效，安装简单)的架构上。 安装ruby /wiki/rails_deployment/1296-deploy-rails-on-linux/news/4592-resolve-memory-leaks-ruby-patch-release下载ruby 1.8.7-p72.tar.gz和MBARIp72patches.tar.gztar zxvf ruby-1.8.7-p72.tar.gztar zxvf MBARIp72patches.tar.gz解压打补丁命令：MBARIp72patches/apply ruby-1.8.7-p72编译ruby,如下：cd ruby-1.8.7-p72CFLAGS=-O2 -fno-stack-protector -mpreferred-stack-boundary=2 ./configure -prefix=/usr/local/ruby-1.8.7-p72make & make install备注：如果没有gcc，需要yum install gcc,如果是gcc3.x，需要去掉-fno-stack-protector 编译之后，编辑/etc/profile,加入 export RUBY_HOME=/usr/local/ruby-1.8.7-p72PATH=$RUBY_HOME/bin:$PATH 执行source /etc/profile，并使用ruby -v进行验证: rootlocalhost ext# ruby -vruby 1.8.7 (2009-3-1 mbari 8B/0x8770 on patchlevel 72) i686-linux 下载rubygems-1.3.1.tgz tar zxvf rubygems-1.3.1.tgzcd rubygems-1.3.1ruby setup.rb并使用gem -v进行验证:rootlocalhost ext# gem -v1.3.1 安装ruby-ext:zilb，readline或者openssl cd ruby-1.8.7-p72/ext/zlibruby extconf.rb -with-zlib-include=/usr/include -with-zlib-lib=/usr/libmake & make install 如果出错，可能需要进行yum install zlib-develcd ruby-1.8.7-p72/ext/readlineruby extconf.rbmake & make install 如果出错，可能需要进行yum install readline-develcd ruby-1.8.7-p72/ext/opensslruby extconf.rbmake & make install 如果出错，可能需要进行yum install openssl-devel 安装各式各样的gem gem source -a gem install rails -version 2.1.2 -no-rdoc -no-rigem install mongrel_cluster -no-rdoc -no-rigem install memcache-client -version 1.7.3 -no-rdoc -no-riyum install libxml2*gem install libxml-ruby -version 1.1.3 -no-rdoc -no-rigem install spreadsheet -version -no-rdoc -no-rigem install uuidtools -version 2.0.0 -no-rdoc -no-rigem install composite_primary_keys -version 1.1.0 -no-rdoc -no-rigem install rack -no-rdoc -no-rigem install thin -no-rdoc -no-rigem install dbi -version 0.4.2 -no-rdoc -no-rigem install dbd-odbc -version 0.2.5 -no-rdoc -no-ri备注:如果提示g+命令未找到，则yum install gcc-c+ 安装oracle即时客户端 rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient-basic--1.i386.rpmrpm -ivh oracle-instantclient-devel--1.i386.rpm可选：#rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient-sqlplus--1.i386.rpm#rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient-jdbc--1.i386.rpm 修改/etc/profile，添加 export NLS_LANG=American_America.ZHS16GBKexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/oracle//client/libPATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$PATH 执行source /etc/profile 下载ruby-oci8-1.0.6.tar.gz tar zxvf ruby-oci8-1.0.6.tar.gz cd ruby-oci8-1.0.6ruby setup.rb configruby setup.rb setupruby setup.rb install 验证ruby-oci8安装情况 rootlocalhost i686-linux# irbirb(main):001:0 require oci8= true如果出错的话(cannot restore segment prot after reloc: Permission denied)， 需要执行/usr/sbin/setenforce 0来临时关闭selinux 也可以修改/etc/selinux/config把enforcing修改成disabled并重启安装odbc 有时候我们需要用到sqlserver这样的东西，在linux上弄这个还是比较麻烦的。我们采取的方案是unixODBC+freeTDS+ruby-odbc+dbi(dbd-odbc)的方式(我们并不打算使用orm)。首先需要安装的是freeTDS(*unix下用来访问sybase和sqlserver的工具)和unixODBC(用来提供ODBC，在这里就是利用freeTDS的驱动来提供一个DSN)yum install unixODBC-devel freetds-devel安装后可以测试一下rootlocalhost # tsql -S 33 -U sa -P softsckjlocale is zh_CN.UTF-8locale charset is UTF-81 use jw2 select count(*) from ttuition3 go2628461然后安装ruby-odbc，在http:/www.ch-werner.de/rubyodbc/下载ruby-odbc-0.9997.tar.gztar zxvf ruby-odbc-0.9997.tar.gzcd ruby-odbc-0.9997ruby extconf.rbmake & make install接下去进行配置：修改/etc/freetds.confMyServer2k host = 33 port = 1433 tds version = 8.0这里修改host，主要是为了可以引用到这个MyServer2K修改/etc/odbcinst.ini（这是用来定义各种各样的Driver的地方）FreeTDSDescription = ODBC for MS SqlServerDriver = /usr/lib/libtdsodbc.soSetup = /usr/lib/libtdsS.soFileUsage = 1修改/etc/odbc.ini(这里就是配置DSN的地方)JWDescription = jwDriver = FreeTDSServername = MyServer2kDatabase = jwUID = saPWD = softsckj注意到这里的MyServer2k引用的是freetds.conf里边定义的。其实按道理这里直接使用ip就可以的，可惜的是，在freetds0.64里边设置ip的话，根本不起作用。最后，简单写个脚本测试一下：rootlocalhost # vi test.rb#!/bin/env rubyrequire rubygemsrequire dbirequire odbcDBI.connect(dbi:ODBC:JW,sa,softsckj) do |dbh| dbh.select_all(select top 10 * from ttuition) do |row| p row.join(,) endend能够得出结果就表示配置成功了。安装memcached 下载libevent-1.4.12-stable.tar.gz和memcached-1.4.0.tar.gz tarzxvf libevent-1.4.12-stable.tar.gzcd libevent-1.4.12-stable./configure -prefix=/usr/local/libevent-1.4.12make & make installcp /usr/local/libevent-1.4.12/lib/libevent-1.4.so.2 /usr/lib/tar zxvf memcached-1.4.0.tar.gzcd memcached-1.4.0./configure -with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent-1.4.12 -prefix=/usr/local/memcached-1.4.0make & make install 运行并验证 rootlocalhost bin# /usr/local/memcached-1.4.0/bin/memcached -d -m 256 -p 11211 -u rootrootlocalhost bin# telnet localhost 11211Trying .Connected to localhost.localdomain ().Escape character is .stats STAT pid 5075STAT uptime 155STAT time 1248845966STAT version 1.4.0 安装nginx 下载nginx-0.7.61.tar.gztar zxvf nginx-0.7.61.tar.gzcd nginx-0.7.61./configure -prefix=/usr/local/nginx-0.7.61 -user=nobody -group=nobody -without-poll_module -with-http_stub_status_module -with-http_gzip_static_module -with-http_realip_modulemake & make install 配置/usr/local/nginx-0.7.61/conf/nginx.conf，示例： user nobody;worker_processes 1;error_log logs/error.log;#error_log logs/error.log notice;#error_log logs/error.log info;#pid logs/nginx.pid;events use epoll;worker_connections 65535;http include mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;#log_format main $remote_addr - $remote_user $time_local $request # $status $body_bytes_sent $http_referer # $http_user_agent $http_x_forwarded_for;#access_log logs/access.log main;access_log off;sendfile on;#tcp_nopush on;#keepalive_timeout 0;keepalive_timeout 65;gzip on;gzip_min_length 1k;gzip_buffers 4 8k;gzip_http_version 1.1;gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/html application/xml image/jpeg image/png image/gif;upstream backend server :3000 weight=1;server :3001 weight=1;server :3002 weight=1;server :3003 weight=1;server :3004 weight=1; server listen 80;server_name localhost;#charset koi8-r;#access_log logs/host.access.log main;location / #internal;proxy_pass http:/backend/;#proxy_store on;proxy_redirect off;proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;proxy_set_header Host $host;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;client_max_body_size 10m;client_body_buffer_size 128k;proxy_connect_timeout 90;proxy_send_timeout 90;proxy_read_timeout 90;proxy_buffer_size 4k;proxy_buffers 4 32k;proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;index index.html index.php index.htm;location /NginxStatus stub_status on;access_log on;auth_basic NginxStatus;location * .+.(jpg|jpeg|gif|css|png|js|ico)$ root /var/www/gst/public;index index.php;access_log off;expires 14d;#error_page 404 /404.html;# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html#error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;location = /50x.html root html;# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on :80#location .php$ # proxy_pass ;# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on :9000#location .php$ # root html;# fastcgi_pass :9000;# fastcgi_index index.php;# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;# include fastcgi_params;# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apaches document root# concurs with nginxs one#location /.ht # deny all;# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration#server # listen 8000;# listen somename:8080;# server_name somename alias another.alias;# location / # root html;# index index.html index.htm;# # HTTPS server#server # listen 443;# server_name localhost;# ssl on;# ssl_certificate cert.pem;# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;# ssl_session_timeout 5m;# ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;# ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;# location / # root html;# index index.html index.htm;# #测试并运行和关闭 /usr/local/nginx-0.7.61/sbin/nginx -t/usr/local/nginx-0.7.61/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx-0.7.61/conf/nginx.conf&killall -HUP nginx 安装RMagick 检测图片支持，如果检测不到的话，需要通过yum来安装rpm -qa | grep libpngrpm -qa | grep libpng-develrpm -qa | grep libjpegrpm -qa | grep gd-devel如果你希望支持tiff格式，还应该检查rpm -qa | grep libtiff下载ImageMagick-6.5.4-6.tar.bz2 tar jxvf ImageMagick-6.5.4-6.tar.bz2cd ImageMagick-6.5.4-6./configure -prefix=/usr/local/ImageMagick-6.5.4-6make & make install 编辑/etc/profile里面的PATH环境变量，加入： export PATH=/usr/local/ImageMagick-6.5.4-6/bin:$PATH 编辑/etc/ld.so.conf，加入： /usr/local/ImageMagick-6.5.4-6/lib执行命令ldconfig将ImageMagick的库加入系统联接库执行命令source /etc/profile让文件生效，最后验证 convert logo: logo.gif 看是否正确生成一个logo.gif的图片文件 下载RMagick-2.10.0.tar.bz2 tar jxvf RMagick-2.10.0.tar.bz2cd RMagick-2.10.0ruby setup.rb安装完成还是不能使用的话，可以下载rmagick-2.10.0.gem来安装 gem install rmagick-2.10.0.gem -no-rdoc -no-ri 安装fcgi 由于ruby的fcgi支持库需要在编译的时候联接FCGI的系统库，因此我们需要先安装FCGI库，下载FCGI源代码发行包：/dist/tar xzvf fcgi-2.4.0.tar.gzcd fcgi-2.4.0./configure -prefix=/usr/local/fcgi-2.4.0make & make install 然后就可以安装ruby的fcgi支持库了，下载ruby-fcgi-0.8.7.tar.gz tar xzvf ruby-fcgi-0.8.7.tar.gzcd ruby-fcgi-0.8.7ruby install.rb config - -with-fcgi-dir=/usr/local/fcgi-2.4.0ruby install.rb setupruby install.rb install 在public下面新建dispatch.sh用来启动fcgi，如下： #!/bin/sh DISPATCH_PATH=/var/www/gst/public/dispatch.fcgi SOCKET_PATH=/tmpPID_PATH=/tmpRAILS_ENV=production export RAILS_ENV case $1 in start) for num in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 do /usr/local/lighttpd-1.4.23/bin/spawn-fcgi -f $DISPATCH_PATH -s $SOCKET_PATH/rails$num.sock -P $PID_PATH/rails$num.pid -u lighttpd -g lighttpd done ; stop) killall -9 dispatch.fcgi ; restart) $0 stop $0 start ; *) echo Usage: dispatch.sh start|stop|restart ; esac exit 0这样就可以通过./dispatch.sh start来启动10个fcgi进程了，而lighttpd就是把请求交给这10个fcgi进程进行处理的。 安装lighttpd yum install bzip2-develyum install pcre-develyum install gamin-devel下载lighttpd-1.4.23.tar.gztar xzvf lighttpd-1.4.23.tar.gzcd lighttpd-1.4.23./configure -prefix=/usr/local/lighttpd-1.4.23 -with-fam完毕以后，会给出一个激活的模块和没有激活模块的清单，可以检查一下，是否自己需要的模块都已经激活，在enable的模块中一定要有 “mod_rewrite”这一项，否则重新检查pcre是否安装.最后编译：make & make install 最后把/usr/local/lighttpd-1.4.23/lib添加到/etc/ld.so.conf里边去并执行ldconfigcp doc/rc.lighttpd.redhat /etc/init.d/lighttpdmkdir /etc/lighttpdcp doc/lighttpd.conf /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf然后修改/etc/init.d/lighttpd，把LIGHTTPD_BIN=/usr/sbin/lighttpd改为LIGHTTPD_BIN=/usr/local/lighttpd-1.4.23/sbin/lighttpd 配置/etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf,示例： # lighttpd configuration file# use it as a base for lighttpd 1.0.0 and above# $Id: lighttpd.conf,v 1.7 2004/11/03 22:26:05 weigon Exp $# Options you really have to take care of # modules to load# at least mod_access and mod_accesslog should be loaded# all other module should only be loaded if really neccesary# - saves some time# - saves memoryserver.modules = (mod_rewrite,# mod_redirect,# mod_alias,mod_access,# mod_cml,# mod_trigger_b4_dl,# mod_auth,# mod_status,# mod_setenv,mod_fastcgi,# mod_proxy,mod_simple_vhost,# mod_evhost,# mod_userdir,mod_cgi,mod_compress,# mod_ssi,# mod_usertrack,# mod_expire,# mod_secdownload,# mod_rrdtool,#mod_accesslog)# a static document-root, for virtual-hosting take look at the# server.virtual-* optionsserver.document-root = /var/www/gst/public# where to send error-messages toserver.errorlog = /var/log/lighttpd/error.log# files to check for if ./ is s = ( index.php, index.html,index.htm, default.htm )# set the event-handler (read the performance section in the manual)# server.event-handler = freebsd-kqueue # needed on OS X# mimetype mappingmimetype.assign = (.pdf = application/pdf,.sig = application/pgp-signature,.spl = application/futuresplash,.class = application/octet-stream,.ps = application/postscript,.torrent = application/x-bittorrent,.dvi = application/x-dvi,.gz = application/x-gzip,.pac = application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig,.swf = application/x-shockwave-flash,.tar.gz = application/x-tgz,.tgz = application/x-tgz,.tar = application/x-tar,.zip = application/zip,.mp3 = audio/mpeg,.m3u = audio/x-mpegurl,.wma = audio/x-ms-wma,.wax = audio/x-ms-wax,.ogg = application/ogg,.wav = audio/x-wav,.gif = image/gif,.jar = application/x-java-archive,.jpg = image/jpeg,.jpeg = image/jpeg,.png = image/png,.xbm = image/x-xbitmap,.xpm = image/x-xpixmap,.xwd = image/x-xwindowdump,.css = text/css,.html = text/html,.htm = text/html,.js = text/javascript,.asc = text/plain,.c = text/plain,.cpp = text/plain,.log = text/plain,.conf = text/plain,.text = text/plain,.txt = text/plain,.dtd = text/xml,.xml = text/xml,.mpeg = video/mpeg,.mpg = video/mpeg,.mov = video/quicktime,.qt = video/quicktime,.avi = video/x-msvideo,.asf = video/x-ms-asf,.asx = video/x-ms-asf,.wmv = video/x-ms-wmv,.bz2 = application/x-bzip,.tbz = application/x-bzip-compressed-tar,.tar.bz2 = application/x-bzip-compressed-tar,# default mime type = application/octet-stream,)# Use the Content-Type extended attribute to obtain mime type if possible#mimetype.use-xattr = enable# send a different Server: header# be nice and keep it at lighttpd# server.tag = lighttpd# accesslog module#accesslog.filename = /var/log/lighttpd/access.log# deny access the file-extensions# is for backupfiles from vi, emacs, joe, .# .inc is often used for code includes which should in general not be part# of the document-rooturl.access-deny = ( , .inc )$HTTPurl = .pdf$ server.range-requests = disable# which extensions should not be handle via static-file transfer# .php, .pl, .fcgi are most often handled by mod_fastcgi or mod_cgistatic-file.exclude-extensions = ( .php, .pl, .fcgi )# Options that are good to be but not neccesary to be changed # bind to port (default: 80)server.port = 80# bind to localhost (default: all interfaces)server.bind = # error-handler for status 404#server.error-handler-404 = /error-handler.html#server.error-handler-404 = /error-handler.php# to help the rc.scriptsserver.pid-file = /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.pidserver.stat-cache-engine = famserver.event-handler = work-backend = linux-sendfileserver.max-request-size = 10240server.max-fds = 2048# virtual hosts# If you want name-based virtual hosting add the next three settings and load# mod_simple_vhost# document-root =# virtual-server-root + virtual-server-default-host + virtual-server-docroot# or# virtual-server-root + http-host + virtual-server-docroot#simple-vhost.server-root = /srv/www/vhosts/#simple-vhost.default-host = #simple-vhost.document-root = /htdocs/# Format: .html# - ./status-404.html for File not found#server.errorfile-prefix = /usr/share/lighttpd/errors/status-#server.errorfile-prefix = /srv/www/errors/status-# virtual directory listings#dir-listing.activate = enable# select encoding for directory listings#dir-listing.encoding = utf-8# enable debugging#debug.log-request-header = enable#debug.log-response-header = enable#debug.log-request-handling = enable#debug.log-file-not-found = enable# only root can use these options# chroot() to directory (default: no chroot() )#server.chroot = /# change uid to (default: dont care)server.username = lighttpd# change uid to (default: dont care)server.groupname = lighttpd# compress modulecompress.cache-dir = /tmp/compress.filetype = (text/plain, text/html,text/javascript,text/css)# proxy module# read proxy.txt for more info#proxy.server = ( .php =# ( localhost =# (# host = 01,# port = 80# )# )# )# fastcgi module# read