初中英语 数词.doc

第4讲 数词1. 基数词与序数词的用法区别基数词表示人或事物数量的多少，如one，two，three，four，five，six等；而序数词则表示人或事物的顺序，如first，second，third，fourth，fifth，sixth等。在通常情况下，基数词除one外，其余的后接名词时，名词原则上要用复数；而序数词在后接名词时，原则上用单数。例如：He has four children，but he likes his fourth child most.经典例题Where does John live？He lives on _ floor but he doesnt use a lift to go up and down.A.nine B.the ninth C.ninth D.a ninth2. 数词在编号中的用法在类似编号的场合，序数词应放在被修饰词语之前，若用基数词则置于其后。例如：the First Lesson/Lesson One 第1课 the sixth line/line six 第6行但是，在许多情况下，用基数词比用序数词更合适、更方便。例如：Room 805 805房 page 110 第110页经典例题There is a wrong word in line _.Where？In the _ line.A.two；two B.two；second C.second；two D.second；second3. 用英语表示分数的用法用英语表示分数的方法是：先说分子，后说分母；分子用基数词，分母用序数词；当分子超过“一”时，分母用复数形式，如“三分之二”可表示为two thirds（可理解为“两个三分之一”）。但是有些分数的表示比较特别，如“二分之一”通常说成a（one）half，“四分之一”通常说成a quarter。经典例题 _of the students in our class _money for the disabled people these days.A.Two third；have raised B.Two thirds；has raisedC.Two three；have raised D.Two thirds；have raised4. hundred，thousand，million单复数的用法当hundred，thousand，million与数词连用表示具体数量时，它们既不用复数形式，后接名词时也不用介词of。例如：Can you lend me a hundred dollars？This theatre holds a thousand persons.但是，若泛指数百、数千、数百万等，则用hundreds of，thousands of，millions of等结构。例如：Hundreds of people attended the meeting.They received millions of letters asking for information.经典例题1 More than two _years ago，people knew little about the universe.A.thousands B.thousand C.thousand of D.thousands of经典例题2 Enshi is becoming a tourist city. _people come here during the holidays every year.A.Thousand of B.Thousands of C.Five thousands of D.Five thousands5. 带有数词的复合形容词中名词的数根据英语习惯，在“数词+名词” “数词+名词+名词” “数词+名词+形容词”这类复合形容词中，其中的名词只用单数形式，不用复数形式。例如：a two-mile walk 两英里的步行 a five-day week 一周五个工作日an eight-year-old boy 一个8岁的男孩经典例题1 Each of us has to write a _report every two weeks.A.two-hundred-word B. two-hundreds-wordC. two-hundreds-words D. two-hundred-words经典例题2 A new study proves a _walk every day is enough to keep people away from becoming fat.A.30-minute B.30 minutes C.30-minutes D.30 minute6. 简单运算后对相应数词进行选择严格来说，这类题只是借助“数词”作为一种命题手段，与数词的用法关系不大。经典例题1There are sixty students in our class. And _of us are boys.Wow！You have forty girls！A.one fourth B.one third C.two fifths D.two thirds经典例题2 This shirt is _. Cindy paid _. Her change is _.A.$9.00；$10.00；$1.00 B.$1.00；$9.00；$10.00C.$10.00；$9.00；$1.00 D.$10.00；$1.00；$9.007. 考查数词的不同知识点即将数词的各个知识点综合起来进行考查。经典例题 About _of the workers in the factory were born in the _.A.two thirds；1970 B.two thirds；1970sC.two third；1970 D.two third；1970s易错点1 用错“生日”前的序数词表示一个人多少岁的生日时，birthday前习惯上要用序数词，而不能用基数词，因为“多少岁的生日”其实就是“第多少个生日”。经典例题 Today is my mothers _birthday. I will buy her a gift.A.fourteen B.fourteenth C.forty D.fortieth易错点2 用错“一两天”之类的表达汉语说“一两天”，说成英语可用a day or two或one or two days，但是不能用one day or two或a or two days。例如：One or two days are enough to see the city. 要参观这个城市一两天就够了。Within a day or two he got a letter from them. 过了一两天他就接到他们的一封信。请注意以下类似表达：Only a word or two is needed. 只需说一两句话。I shall be ready in a second or two. 我一会儿就会准备好。易错点3 用错“一个半”为aand a half 或one and a half。例如：我在一个半小时之内考试完毕。误：I finished the examination in one and a half hour.正：I finished the examination in an hour and a half.正：I finished the examination in one and a half hours.注意“两个半” “三个半” “四个半”之类的表达。例如：Its about two and a half miles away. 大约有两英里半远。This happened four and a half centuries ago. 这是四个半世纪前发生的事。易错点4 用错“每隔”的表达用英语表示“每隔”的最常用法是“every+基数词+名词（复数）”。例如：We meet every few days. 我们每隔几天就会见一次面。Take some fruit every three or four hours. 每隔三四个小时吃点水果。有时也用“every+序数词+名词（单数）”，注意不要弄错了其中名词的数。例如：奥林匹克运动会每四年举办一次。正：The Olympics are held every four years.正：The Olympics are held every fourth year.如果是表示“每隔一”则还可用every other表示，如“每隔一天”可说成every two days，every second day，every other day。易错点5 用错“另外几个”的表达用英语表示“另外几个”的方法是“another/a further+数词+名词”或“数词+other more+名词”。例如：Two other boys escaped through the trees. 另外两个小伙子从树林间逃跑了。这类表达有时有较灵活的翻译。例如：China picked up another ten gold medals. 中国又获得了10枚金牌。易错点6 混淆数词的单复数形式当要表示某人的大约年岁和世纪中的某个年代时，我们习惯上要用整“十”