初高中英语衔接----时态与语态.doc

初高中英语语法衔接-语态与时态动词时态英语的时态从时间上来看，可分为“现在”，“过去”，“将来“和”过去将来“四大类。动词共有十六种不同时态，但常用的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时 、现在完成进行时、将来完成时和将来进行时 I. 一般现在时1）经常性、习惯性的动作 I go to work by bus. 2）现在的特征或状态 I am a teacher and I teach English. I love sports. 3）普遍真理 Light travels faster than sound. Water boils at 100. 2、谓语构成 1) 肯定句：谓语用动词原形或第三人称单数 Toms parents _ to work by bike every dayLi Tao _ English every morning.2) 否定句：谓语用 dont/doesnt 加动词原形构成 I _ (not get) up at six every morning.She _ (not watch) TV in the evening3) 一般问句： 用 Do 或 Does 加陈述句（谓语动词用原形） -_ he _ (work) in a plastic factory? -No, he doesnt.(4) 特殊问句：疑问词加一般问句 -_ do you write to him? -Once a month.II. 一般过去时1、一般过去时用法：句中常有表示过去的时间状语如 yesterday, in 1989, once, last week (month, year), at that time, just now 等 1）表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态 He bought a new bike last week. They were in the office just now. 2）表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 When I was a small child, I often went to that park and played football. 2、谓语构成 1）肯定句：谓语用动词的过去式 Yesterday, I _ to a shop and _ a pen. 2）否定句：助动词 didnt 加动词原形 She _(take) any money with her that day.3）一般问句：助动词 Did 加陈述句（动词用原形） -_ you _ to the cinema last night? -No, I didnt.4）特殊问句：疑问词 + 一般问句 -_ _ you find your key? -I _ it under my desk. III. 一般将来时1、一般将来时用法： 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 I will go to Tibet some day by plane. He will be busy tonight.2、谓语构成1）肯定句（1）will do （第一人称也可用 shall ） She _ back in twenty minutes.（2）be going to do a. 打算、计划做某事 I _ a dictionary tomorrow.b. 即将、眼看要发生 Look at the dark clouds. It_ .（3）按时刻表进行的, 可用现在时表示将来 The plane _ at a quarter past nine.（4）某些动词如come, leave, go, move, start, arrive, stay 等用进行时表示将来 They _ (leave) tomorrow. （5）条件状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时 a. We _ (go) to the park if it _ (not, rain) tomorrow.b. We _ (give) it to him when he _ (arrive).c. One _ (not, learn) English well unless he _ (study) hard.2）否定句：will / shall 加 notwont / shant He _ come to the party tomorrow.3）一般问句：将 will 提到句首（第一人称用 shall ） _ you go to the Summer Palace with us?_ we have a break?4）疑问词 + 一般问句 _ shall we meet next time?_ is he going to do tomorrow afternoon?_ will he turn to for help?_ shall we do if there is no bus?IV. 现在进行时1、现在进行时用法： 1）表示此时此刻正在进行的动作 I am teaching and you are listening to me. 2）表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作 He is writing a book this week. 3）与 always 连用表示赞扬、不满等情绪 The girl is always smiling happily. You are always making the same mistake.2、谓语构成： be动词(am, is, are) + doing Toms mother _ (watch) TV and his father _ (read) newspaper.2）否定句在 be 动词后加 not, 疑问句只需把 be 动词提到句首 They _ (not, play) football. They _ (play) basketball.-_ she _ (do) her homework now?-No, she isnt. she _ (write) a letter.-Who _ our teacher _ (talk) with?-He _ with my father.V. 过去进行时1、过去进行时用法 表示过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作 He was watching TV when I came in.2、谓语构成 be 动词(was, were) + doing a. She _ (see) a film with her friend this time yesterday.b. We _ football when it began to rain.VI. 现在完成时1、现在完成时用法： 1）表示动作已经完成（强调发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果） I have finished my work. He has found his lost key. 2）表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态 They have worked in that factory for ten years.2、谓语构成： 助动词(have, has) + done We _ one hundred apple trees this year. Miss Li _ an English-Chinese dictionary.2）否定句： 在助动词(have, has)后加 nothavent, hasnt I _ (not, finish) reading the novel. The meeting will begin in five minutes but she _ (not, come) yet. 3）一般问句：把助动词(have, has)提到句首 -_ you _ (hand) in your homework? -No, I havent. -_ he _ (tell) you the exciting news?-Yes, he has.3、have been 与 have gone 的区别 He has been to Washington twice. 去过 He has gone to Washington. 去了（现在不在这里）VII. 过去完成时1、过去完成时构成：had + done When I got home, they _ (get) supper ready. He said he _ to Japan twice.2、过去完成时用法： 表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作 When I arrived, the film _ (begin). They _ (learn) Chinese for a year before they came to China. He _ (finish) writing the report by the end of last month.She told us her parents _ (work) in the hospital for twenty years.VIII. 过去将来时1、过去将来时用法： 表示在过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作 He said he would visit the Palace Museum the next week.2、过去将来时构成： would + 动原或 was(were) going to + 动原 He told me he _ (take) me to the US the next month.They said they _ (not, allow) any reporter to enter their factory. We told her we _ (send) her to Beijing.动词语态动 主动语态 主语是动作的执行者词 We water the flowers once a week的 They caught the thief stealing a bike.语 被动语态 主语是动作的承受者态 The flowers are watered once a week. The thief was caught stealing a bike.一、被动语态的构成： be 动词 + done二、各种时态的被动语态： 主动句变被动句： a. 主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语 b. 被动句的谓语由“be + 原主动句谓语动词的过去分词”构成，由 be 体现时态（语态变了，时态不能变） c. 主动句的主语变为 by 的宾语，可省略 1、一般现在时： The dustmen clean the street every morning. The street is cleaned by the dustman every morning. The street is cleaned every morning.2、一般过去时： We hid the ball behind the door last night.The ball _ behind the door by us last night.3、一般将来时： They will plant some pine trees in the parkSome pine trees _ in the park.4、现在进行时： The workers are building a new bridge over the river.A new bridge _ over the river.5、过去进行时： The doctors were operating on him when I arrived. He _ when I arrived.6、现在完成时： He has posted all the letters.All the letters_.、情态动词：must / can / may + be + 过去分词 You must return the book tomorrow.The book _ tomorrow1、双宾语：一个变主语，另一个不动(间宾前加介词) My friend bought me two English books.I _ two English books.Two English books _ for me.2、主动句中省去的 to，被动句中要写出来 The boss made the workers _ 14 hours a day. The workers were made _ 14 hours a day.练习：变被动语态1. She asked me to come a little later. 2. We built this house in 2004. 3. He showed me the way to the station. 4. You must do it right now. 5. The