定语从句.docx

定语从句一 定义在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子。（做定语）二 句式结构 名代（先行词）+关系词+定语从句三 区分限定与非限定限定：修饰、限定非限定： 补充说明有逗号 无that四 解题步骤6步曲1.确定定语从句与否2.确定限定与否（非限定-有逗号 无that）3.找先行词，确定是人物句子。4.断句-找到从句的主、谓、宾或主、系、表，-若有，考虑缺定or状5.选择关代or关副关代-主宾表定关副-状6.注意特殊情况(2011年天津，10)The days are gone_physical strength was all you need to make a living.A.when B.that C.where D.which五关系代词和关系副词 关系代词限定性和非限定性限定性指人指物句子句子人物主WhowhichAsthat宾Who(whom)表who定of whomof whichWhosewhose关系副词时间When =in、at、during +which地点Where=inatonunder+which原因Why=for+which方式How=in+whichA 关系代词.只能用关系代词（限定性）that1. 先行词-all,much,little,something,everything,nothing,none,the one2. The onlythe very(恰好)anyfewlittlenoall+先行词3. 先行词-形容词最高级 或 形容词最高级+先行词4. 先行词-序数词 或 序数词 +先行词5. 先行词-人+物.只能用which1. 非限定，用which，不用that2. 介词提前，介词+whichwho， 不用that3. 复合介词宾语+关系代词which复合介词短语+which-构成（主句+“，”+复合介词短语+which+从句剩余部分4. 介词+whichwhom+不定式结构The poor man has no house in which to live.关系代词asA. such +名+as 像一样的. The same +名+as 和.同样的Bsuch asThis book is not such as I expect.这样的人或物 做宾语B 关系代词as ，which的区别异同位置固定搭配(句式语态从句的谓语可替代主句的整个内容As前，后，中As正如)anyody can seeas is well-known等被动Which，主句后否定句或表否定主动复合结构（find）B 关系副词Where的考察地点-地点的模糊化-situationstage事物的某个方面（后面详解）注意：way和time 后接定语从句Way在正式文体中，以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以inwhich或that引导，如：Thewayinwhichyouansweredthequestionswasadmirable.但在非正式文体中，人们通常省略inwhich或that:e.g.Theway(inwhich)hespoketouswassuspicious.Time 次数-that 一段时间，时代-whenatduring+which引导定语从句This is the second time that he has been to Shanghai.There was a time when he lived happily. 真题20132013上海卷38. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area _ interact with one another.A. thatB. whereC. whoD. what2013浙江卷13The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform_ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.A. whatB. whereC. whenD. why2013重庆卷 24John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _ are family members.Athem Bthat Cwhich Dwhom2013陕西卷16 is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. A. It B. That C. What D. As2013四川卷9 Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ( _ they live).A. what B. which C. when D. where2013山东卷35 Finally he reached a lonely island( _ was completely cut off from the outside world.)A. when B. where C. which D. whom2013山东卷 31There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science.A. as B. thatC. when D. where2013辽宁卷 34 He may win the competition, _ he is likely to get into the national team.Ain which case Bin that case Cin what case Din whose case2013江西卷 33 He wrote a letter _ he explained what had happened in the accident.A. what B. which C. where D. how2013江苏 32 The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，_ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.Awhere Bwhich Cwhat Dwhen2013湖南卷 21 Happiness and success often come to those( _ are good at recognizing their own strength).A. whom B. whoC. what D. which2013福建卷27 The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A. whose B. thatC. who D. which2013北京卷 27Many countries are now setting up national parks( _ animals and plants can be protected). A. when B. whichC. whose D. where2013安徽卷 29 Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _ made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.Ait BthatCwhat Dwhich2013天津卷6 We have launched another manmade satellite，_ is announced in todays newspaper.A. that B. which C.who Dwhat 2013课标全国卷 4When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _ I would be staying.A. what B. when C. where D. which2013浙江5. The children, _ had played the whole day long, were worn out.A. all of what B. all of which C. all of them D. all of whom2012年高考1【2012全国卷II】 That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when2【2012安徽】29. lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. this3【2012重庆】29. Sales director is a position _communication ability is just as important as sales skills. A. which B. that C. when D. where4【2012北京】26. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 5【2012福建】23. The air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. A. that B. it C. as D. what6【2012陕西】14. It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all.A. that B. where C. which D. what7【2012山东】23. Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series.A. them B. that C. which D. what8【2012湖南】34. Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered. A. what B. in what C. which D. in which9【2012天津】7. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _ help I would never have got this far.A. who B. whose C. whom D. which10【2012江西】28. By 16:30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.A. which B. when C. what D. that11【2012四川】13. In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses.A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them12【2012浙江】9. We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 13【2012浙江】17. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who C. where D. whom14【2012江苏】22. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.A. which B. who C. where D. what 2012年1BADBC 6.CCDBA 11.CBBB2013年16. B。本题考查定语从句。as在此句中引导非限定性定语从句，放在句首，同时在从句中作主语，为正确答案；如果用it或者that，那么整个句子中缺少一个连词，排除选项A和B； 如果用what，逗号前面应该是一个主语从句，主语从句之后应该是谓语动词，而不是逗号之后再来一个句子，排除。【句意】等医生到的时候，Amy好多了，孩子都这样。38. 答案：A解析：题干的意思是：“生态系统是由一个区域里相互作用的生物和非生物构成的”。分析句子结构，_ interact with one another是定语从句，先行词是the living and nonliving things，通过还原法可知，先行词在从句中作主语，不是人，所以用that。务必记住：what不可引导定语从句。13.B。考查定语从句。where引导的定语从句修饰platform，where再从句中充当地点状语。解题思路：1.确定从句类型，主句主干完整，可判断出是定语从句而非名词性从句；2.查找先行词；3.判断从句主干是否完整，确定关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当什么成分。【句意】这家博物馆将在春天开放，有一个展览和一个观看平台，在这个平台上参观者可以看到正在建造一个大玻璃屋。24. D。本题考查定语从句。逗号之后是一个非限定性定语从句，关系词that只能引导限定性定语从句，排除；先行词是people，which 只能指物，排除选项C；如果用them， 则逗号之后应该加上一个连词and，排除。【拓展】英语中两个句子之间是必须要有一个连词的，简单说，如果在一个逗号的前面和后面的句子之中没有连词的话，那这个句子就是错误的。【句意】约翰邀请了四十个人参加他的婚礼，其中大部分是家庭成员。9. D。本题考查定语从句。the environment是先行词，在定语从句中做地点状语，“他们生活在这个环境中”，故用关系代词where。【拓展】关系词的选择，最关键的就是看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是表示什么的单词，如表示地点的先行词之后未必用where，同样表示时间的先行词之后未必用when。【句意】现在人们更加关心他们所生活的环境。35.C。本题考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词为island，而先行词在从句中所做的成分是主语，所以用关系代词that或which；when和where引导定语从句时用做状语；而whom引导定语从句时做宾语。【句意】最终他们到达了一个完全与外界隔绝的荒岛上。31.A。本题考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。That是不可以引导非限制性定语从的；而when和where引导定语从句时不做主语。【句意】没有简单的答案，正如科学界的许多情况一样。34. A。本题考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构，He may win the competition为主句，剩下的只可以为从句，故先排除B。本题中，in which case引导非限制性定语从句，相当于and in that case。所以选A。【拓展】考生务必牢记：what不可引导定语从句。33.C考查定语从句。解题关键是判断定语从句关联词的选择方法，即：根据先行词在定语从句中做的成分来判断。本题中先行词letter在从句中做地点状语，因此，正确答案为C。【句意】他写了一封信，在信中他解释了事故中发生的一切。【拓展】what与how都不可以引导定语从句。33. C。本题考查固定短语在语境中的使用。A. take a share分担，为出力 B. take a chance冒险 C. take a turn转弯，转；（情况、形势等）转变 D. take a lead领先，带头。根据本句，for the better的提示，可见是讲转变，变得更好，所以选C。【句意】有了源于其他食品文化的灵感，美国饮食文化可以变得更好。21. B。考查定语从句。who指代先行词those（那些人），在从句中做主语， whom不能做主语，which指物，what不能引导定语从句，故选择B。解题技巧：找主干，析从句。1.找主干：因为主句完整， Happiness and success often come to those.不难看出本题考查定语从句，排除what。2.析从句:_are good at recognizing their own strengths,缺主语，先排除whom，先行词those（那些人），排除which，故选择who。【句意】幸福和成功总青睐能善于意识到自己长处的人们。27. A。本题考查定语从句。_ lives were affected.是定语从句，修饰those，从句的主语是_ lives，缺修饰语，所以选whose。【句意】这本书从经历过地震的人的角度来讲述地震的故事。27. D。本题考查定语从句的连词。空处之后是一个定语从句，先行词是park，在定语从句中作地点状语，“in the park”，故应该选用关系副词where。【句意】许多国家都在建立国家公园，可以保护很多动植物。【小窍门】定语从句中关系词的选择取决于在定语从句中的句法作用，要看它做什么成分，而不是表示什么，如表示时间，地点等的先行词，在定语从句中未必就是做时间或者地点状语，如果是做主语，宾语，表语，那就不能用关系副词when，where，而应该根据具体情况，选用关系代词。29. D。本题考查定语从句的关系词。首先根据句意确定逗号之后是一个非限定性定语从句，锁定正确答案是which；that 不能引导非限定性定语从句，排除；what不能引导定语从句，排除；如果用it， 根据句子结构，它的前面缺少一个连词，排除。【句意】莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，使得中国人长久以来的一个梦想成真了。6.B。本题考查非限制性定语从句。本句中which指代的就是前面整句话的内容，即我们又发射了一颗人造卫星这件事，可翻译成“这一点”。【句意】我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这一事件在今天的新闻中得到了报道。4. C。本题考查定语从句的连词。空处之后是一个定语从句，解题关键就是看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。这个句子中，先行词是house，在定语从句中，做地点状语，即：I would be staying in the house，所以要用关系副词where。【句意】当我到达的时候，布莱恩带我去看房子，我将住在那个房子里。【小窍门】定语从句关系词的选择，关键要看关系词在定语从句中的句法作用，而不是看它是关于什么的名词，例如，如果先行词是表示时间地点的名词，具体用哪个关系词，要看它在从句中是做状语还是做主语宾语表语，如果是做时间或者地点状语，那就用关系副词when或者where；如果是做主语宾语表语，那就要根据具体情况选用关系代词。5.D。考查 定语从句。非限制性定语从句，介词of后用whom指代着前面的children。解题思路：1.数谓语，句子中有两个谓语，需要连词，排除C；2.确定从句类型，主句主干完整，可判断出是定语从句而非名词性从句，排除A；3.先行词是人，排除B，选择D。【句意】孩子们，玩了一整天，都筋疲力尽了。where的用法分类总结I. 引导主语从句1._ we shall spend our holiday this summer _ decided.A. why, is not B. when , has not C. where, has not been D. That, hadnt此题选C。II. 引导宾语从句2.Can you make sure _ the gold ring? ( 1990 )A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice putC. where Alice has put D. where has Alice putIII. 引导表语从句4.Go and get your coat. Its _ you left（落在） it. ( 1992. 33 )A. there B. where C. there where D. where there此题选B。IV. 引导同位语从句7.The proposal had been put forward, and then arose the question _ we were to get