初中英语构词法.doc

初中英语构词法归纳(2009-09-18 mdm)1，合成法 合成法至今保持着旺盛的生命力，在现代英语中不少新词都是借助原有的词合成的。1）名词+名词名词basket(篮子)+ball(球)basketball篮球book (书) +shop(商店 ) bookshop书店house(房子) +work(劳动) housework家务劳动 2) 形容词+名词名词black（黑色的）+board（ 木 板）blackboard黑板English(英国的)+man（人）Englishman英国人loud(大声的)+speaker(说话者) loudspeaker扬声器3) 介词+名词名词（或形容词）after(在后)+noon(正午) afternoon下午 under(在下面)+ground(地面) underground地下的4) 名词+过去分词形容词man(人)+made(做) man-made人造的5) 名词（形容词）+名词+ed形容词glass(玻璃)+topped(顶部的) glass-topped玻璃罩着的kind(善良的)+hearted(心) kind-hearted好心的6) 副词+名词介词in(里面)+side(边) inside在内down(在下)+stairs(楼梯) downstairs在楼下7) 数词+名词+ 形容词 形容词two-year-old 两岁的five-hour-long 五小时长的2、派生法 派生法是通过在词根上加后缀或前缀构成新词。它不仅扩充了英语词汇，而且丰富了语言的表现力。后缀（后缀多数改变词性而不改变词义）：1）动词或形容词+er/or 名词 write writer travel traveler read readerforeign foreigner play player swim swimmerinvent inventor visit visitor conduct conductoract actor sing singer run runnerown owner tutor / doctor 2)动词 +(t)ion /sion 名词 invent invention invite invitation attract attractionoperate operation populate population predict predictionorganize organization donate donation operate operationcreate creation produce production translate translationcongratulate congratulation pronounce pronunciation attent attentioncontribute contribution relate relation pollute pollutionstate station intent intention decide decision conclude conclusion permit permission3)动词+ing 名词build building mean meaning belong belongingremain remaining feel feeling warn warninglose losing find finding say sayingbath bathing swim swimming4)名词+ese 名词和形容词China n.中国 Chinese n.中国人 adj.汉语的Japan n. 日本 Japanese n. 日本人 adj.日语的 Taiwan n.台湾 Taiwanese n.台湾人 adj.台湾人的5) 名词+ ful 形容词help helpful use useful forget forgetfulcare careful hope hopeful wonder wonderfulforget forgetful power powerful beauty beautifulpeace peaceful pain painful mouth mouthfulplay playful6) 名词+ less 形容词help helpless use useless home homelesscare careless hope hopeless pain painlesssleep sleepless power powerless7) 动词 +able 形容词enjoy enjoyable believe believable knowledge knowledgeablecomfort comfortable remark remarkable count countablereason reasonable suit suitable forget forgettablefashion fashionable8)名词 +en形容词wool woolen wood wooden9)名词 +y 形容词 sun sunny cloud cloudy rain rainywind windy fog foggy snow snowyluck lucky noise noisy fun funnytaste tasty smell smelly sleep sleepyfur furry salt salty health healthytourist touristy crisp crispy spice spicyanger angry hunger hungry spot spotty10）形容词 +ly 副词happy happily busy busily easy easilynoisy noisily free freely true trulywide widely shy shyly slow slowlyquick quickly possible possibly probable probablycareful carefully useless uselessly quiet quietlyhurried hurriedly gentle gentlely final finallyespecial especially11) 名词 +ly 形容词friend friendly mother motherly brother brotherlyking kingly love lovely like likelylive lively day daily week weeklymonth monthly year yearly12) 形容词 +ness 名词good goodness kind kindness sad sadnessill illness happy happiness busy businessshy shyness careless carelessness useless uselessness13) 名词 +ern 形容词east eastern south southern west westernnorth northern14) 名词 +ous 形容词danger dangerous mystery mysterious delicious / seriousvigor vigorous15) 名词 +tic 形容词energy energetic real realistic16) 形容词+y / ity 名词honest honesty popular popularity real reality17) 动词 +ment 名词move movement commit commitment govern governmentstate statement equip equipment develop developmentagree agreement announceannoucement achieve achievement18) 动词 +ing 形容词relax relaxing surprise surprising tire tiringbore boring annoy annoying worry worryinginterest interesting excite exciting convince convincingfrustrate frustrating disappoint disappointing amaze amazingthrill thrilling please pleasing outstand outstandingmove moving frustrate frustrating will willing19) 动词 +ed 形容词relax relaxed surprise surprised tire tiredbore bored annoy annoyed worry worriedinterest interested excite excited convince convincedfrustrate frustrated disappoint disappointed amaze amazedthrill thrilled please pleased marry marriedtalent talented balance balanced hurry hurriedmove moved frustrate frustrated pollute polluted20) 动词 +al 名词refuse refusal arrive arrival survive survival21) 名词+al 形容词profession professional person personal addition additionalhistory historical magic magical nation nationalinternation international medicine medical person personaleducation educational environment environmental orient oriental22) 形容词t变成al 名词silent silence patient patience different differenceimportant importance confident confidence influent influence23) 形容词或名词ize动词memory memorize real realize modern modernize24) 动词 +tive 形容词create creative act active前缀（前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性）：25) un-(不，非)happy unhappy forgettable unforgettable lucky unluckyimportant unimportant fortunate unfortunate like unlikeconfident unconfident comfortable uncomfortable pleased unpleasedpleasant unpleasant believable unbelievable successful unsuccessfulsatisfied unsatisfied countable uncountable reasonable unreasonablefriendly unfriendly knowledgeable unknowledgeablefair unfair familiar unfamiliar26) dis-(不，非)like dislike agree disagree gust disgustappointed disappointed appear disappear cover discovercourage discourage advantage disadvantage honest dishonest27) in-(不，非)dependent independent expensive inexpensive visible invisible28) im-(不，非)polite impolite possible impossible balanced imbalanced29) re-(再，重复)tell retell play replay write rewritedo redo use reuse cycle recycleview review read reread move remove30) micro-(微小的)wave microwave phone microphone soft Microsoft31) tele-(遥远的)phone telephone vision television graph telegraphgram telegram3.转化法 在英语发展过程中，由于词尾的基本消失，衍生出一种新的构词法转化法，而无须借助词缀，就实现词类的转化。1) 名词动词 rain n.雨 rain v.下雨shop n. 商店 shop v.购物water n.水 water v.浇水land n.陆地 land v.着陆name n.名字 na