神经病学历年题整理.doc

神经病学历年题BBS历年题全部（包括2010、2009年题目）一单项选择题历年经验：绝大部分在宝典上。真题整理：1.Paralysiswithuppermotorneuronlesionmustbeconsideredbythefollowingcharacters,EXCEPT:A.Babinskisign;B.Increaseddeeptendonreflexes;C.Spasticcharacters;D.Pseudobulbarparalysis;E.Fasciculations.2.WhichoneofthefollowingsISNToneofthecomponentsofcircleof Willis?A.Internalcarotidartery;B.Middlecerebralartery;C.Anteriorcommunicatingartery;D.Posteriorcommunicatingartery;E.Posteriorcerebralartery.3.Thelocalizationoflowermotorneuronlesionsincludefollowingsites,EXCEPT:A.Anteriorhorncellsofspinalcord;B.Caudalequina;C.Conusmedullaris;D.Mesencephalicnucleusoftrigeminal;E.Pyramidaltract.4.Localizationofcerebellarhemispherelesionsmustbeconsideredbythefollowingfindings,EXCEPT:A.Ipsilateralintentiontremor;B.Ipsilateraldysdiadochokinesia;C.Ipsilateraldysmetria;D.Ipsilateralhypotonicity;E.IpsilateralParalysis.5.WhichofthefollowingsarethecorefeaturesofParkinsonsdisease?A.Bradykinesia,rigidity,andtremor;B.Rigidity,shufflinggait,andtremor;C.Rigidity,weakness,andtremor;D.Shufflinggait,akinesia,andweakness;E.Shufflinggait,pill-rolling,andakinesia.6.Aboutthefeaturesofspinalshock,whichoneofthefollowingsisWRONG?A.Completeabsenceofreflexbelowtheleveloftheinjury; B.Completeabsenceofautonomicactivitybelowtheleveloftheinjury; C.Flaccidparalysis; D.Extensorplantarresponses; E.Alloftheabove-mentioned7.ThefollowingclinicalcriteriacanmakeadiagnosisofdefiniteMS(multiplesclerosis),butwhichonemustbeexcluded?A.Patientmusthavetwoseparatecentralnervoussystemlesions;B.Symptomsmusthaveoccurredintwoormoreseparateepisodes;C.Symptomsmustinvolvethewhitematter;D.Symptomsmustinvolvethegraymatter;E.Neurologicalexaminationmustshowobjectiveabnormalities.8.Female,40.Unilateralheadacheaccompaniednauseaandvomitingforfiveyearswithvariousintensity,lastedanaverageof24hours(arangeof5to72hours).Thegeneralmedicalandneurologicalexaminationsofthispatientarenormal.Themostlikelydiagnosticpossibilityis:A.Tensionheadache;B.Clusterheadache;C.Migraine;D.Secondaryheadache;E.Hypochondriasis.9.A40-yearsoldmandevelopedbilateralfacialweaknessanddifficultyinclimbingstairsforoneweekafterarespiratoryillness.Themostpossiblediagnosisis:A.Bellspalsy;B.Multiplesclerosis;C.Periodicparalysis;D.Guillain-Barrsyndrome;E.Motorneurondisease.10.AboutthemainpresentationofIncreasedintracranialpressure(ICP),which oneofthefollowingsisthebest?A.Seizure,headache,papilledema;B.Seizure,vomiting,papilledema;C.Headache,vomiting,papilledema;D.Headache,seizure,focalneurologicalsigns;E.Vomiting,seizure,focalneurologicalsigns.11.TrigeminalneuralgiaisdescribedasabriefelectricshocktypepainlimitedtothedistributionofanybranchoftheTrigeminalnerve.Whichoneofthefollowingdrugsisthebestforitstreatment?A.Baclofen;BCarbamazepine;CVitaminB12;DValproate;EAlcoholblocks.12.MyastheniaGravis(MG)isadisorderofimpairingtheneuromuscularjunction.Thefollowingsarecorrect,EXCEPT:A.Thepatientshavenoabnormalityofmentalstate;B.Thepatientspresentwithmuscleweaknessandfatigue;C.ThehallmarkofMGispathologicfatigability;D.Eyefindingsarethemostcommonwithptosis;E.MGmayeffectpupillaryfunction.13.Musculardystrophiesaregeneticallydeterminedprimarydiseasesofmuscle,characterizedpathologicallybymusclefiberdegeneration.WhichoneofthefollowingsisinheritedasX-linkedrecessivetraits?A.Myotonicdystrophy;B.Duchennemusculardystrophy;C.Limb-girdledystrophy;D.Oculopharyngealmusculardystrophy;E.Facioscapulohumeralmusculardystrophy;14.Transversemyelitisisasyndromeofacuteinflammationactingacrosstheentirespinalcord.Thefollowingdiagnosticevaluationshouldbecarriedout,EXCEPT:A.MRIofthespinalcord;BLumbarpuncture;CVitaminB12oftheserum;DSedimentationrate;EDNAanalysis.15.Whichofthefollowingdescriptionsabouttransientischemicattacks(TIAs)isthebest?A.TIAsaretemporarydysfunctionofbraintissuecausedbyinadequatebloodflow;B.CarotidarteryterritoryTIAsoftenproduceipsilateralhandandarmweaknessandsensoryloss;C.TIAsrefertobrief,reversiblefocalneurologicaldeficitsthattheymustrecovercompletelywithin24hours;D.TIAslastonlyminutesandmayoccurinanyvascularterritory;E.TIAsofthecarotidterritoryincludebiocularblindnessandtransienthemisphereattacks.16.WhichoneofthefollowingsiscorrectaboutcomponentpartsofCorpusStriatum?A.Paleostriatum,pallidum,andbasalganglia;B.Neostriatum,pallidum,andsubstantianigra;C.Lentiformnucleus,caudatenucleus,andpallidum;D.Pallidum,caudatenucleus,andneostriatum;E.Pallidum,putamennucleus,andcaudatenucleus.17.AboutthemainpresentationofIncreasedintracranialpressure,whichoneofthefollowingsisthebest?A.Seizure,headache,papilledema;B.Seizure,vomiting,papilledema;C.Headache,vomiting,papilledema;D.Headache,seizure,focalneurologicalsigns;E.Vomiting,seizure,focalneurologicalsigns.18.Whichoneofthefollowingsisacompleteneurologicalexamination?A.Mentalstatus,cranialnerves,coordinatefunction,sensoryfunctionandreflexes;B.Mentalstatus,cranialnerves,coordinateandmotorfunction,sensoryfunctionandreflexes;C.Cranialnerves,coordinateandmotorfunction,sensoryfunctionandreflexes;D.Cranialnerves,peripherynerves,motorfunction,sensoryfunctionandreflexes;E.Noneoftheabove-mentioned.19.Apatientcomplainsofthepowerofleftlimbsdecreasedforthreemonths.Theneurologicalexaminationshowedthepatienthadrightgazepreference,decreasedmusclepower()andincreaseddeeptendonreflexinleftlimbs.Thelocalizationofthispatientmaybe:A.Leftfrontallobe;B.Rightfrontallobe;C.Leftparietallobe;D.Rightparietallobe;E.Thalamus20.ThefeatureofBrown-Sequardsyndrome(hemisectionofthespinalcord)is:A.Ipsilateralthermanesthesia;B.Ipsilateralanesthesia;C.Contralateralhemiparesis;D.Ipsilaterallossofvibratorysense;E.Contralateralhemiparesisandhypalgesia.21.Managementofthepatientswithintracerebralhemorrhage(ICH)shouldbedirectedtowardpreservingremainingneurologicalfunctionandpreventingdeteriorationduetoelevatedICP(intracranialpressure)withresultantcomaordeath.Thefollowingtreatmentmethodsarecorrect,EXCEPT:A.Anairwayshouldbeestablished;B.Thepatientsshouldbekeptatbedrest;C.CTscanofthebrainshouldbeexecutedimmediately;D.Bloodpressureofthepatientsshouldbeelevatedbysomedrugstoincrease cerebralbloodflow;E.ThemanagementofincreasedICPincludestheuseofhyperventilation.22.男性，23岁。既往体健，两周前出现双下肢无力伴尿潴溜而入院。检查发现：双下肢肌力级，脐以下感觉缺失。入院后进行腰穿，脑脊液检查结果正常。根据以上的临床表现，患者最可能的诊断是：A脊髓空洞症；B急性脊髓炎；C脊髓压迫症；D格林巴利综合症；E脊髓蛛网膜炎。23.目前有关帕金森氏病的治疗，最有效的药物为：AL多巴制剂；B安坦；C金刚烷胺；D溴隐亭；E多巴胺。24.男性，11岁。癫痫大发作史三年，服用苯妥英纳治疗后，病情较稳定，现每年发作34次，以下哪项是错误的：A坚持上课；B少看电视；C暑期天天去游泳，加强体质锻炼；D不乘坐高空游艺机；E养成规律的生活习惯。25.女性，30岁。睁眼困难伴复视二年，晨轻暮重，休息后好转。下列检查有助于明显诊断，除外：A新期的明试验；B疲劳试验；C胸部CT扫描；D乙酰胆碱受体抗体测定；E椎管造影。26.女性，45岁。因单侧面颊部发作性针刺疼痛一年余就诊。疼痛持续时间较短，数秒钟至2分钟不等。体检该病人时应特别注意：A面颊部有无压痛；B两侧瞳孔是否等大；C两侧眼球运动及光反射是否正常；D面部疼痛觉及角膜反射是否异常；E咽部感觉、运动是否异常。二名词解释1牵涉痛（referred pain）*32放射痛（radiating pain）*43灼性神经痛（causalgia）4感觉异常（paresthesia）*25脊髓半切综合症（Brown-Sequard syndrome）*26静止性震颤（static tremor）*37扭转痉挛（torsion spasm）*28铅管样强直（lead-pipe rigidity）*39齿轮样强直（cogwheel rigidity）*310抽动症（tic）*311辨距不良（dysmetria）12闭目难立征（Romberg sign）*513福维尔综合征、脑桥腹内侧核综合征（Foville syndrome）14霍夫曼征（Hoffmann sign）15总体反射（mass reflex）16韦伯综合症、中脑腹侧部综合征（Weber syndrome）*317米亚尔-居布勒综合症、脑桥腹下部综合征（Millard-Gubler syndrome）*218闭锁综合征、去传出状态、脑桥腹侧综合征、Monte-Gristo综合征（locked-in syndrome、deefferented state、Monte-Cristo syndrome）*219中脑顶盖综合征（Parinaud syndrome）20延髓背外侧综合征（Wallenberg syndrome）21核间性眼肌麻痹22霍纳综合征（Horner syndrome）*223阿罗瞳孔、Argyll-Robertson瞳孔24感觉性失语、听觉性失语、Wernicke失语25运动性失语、表达性失语、Broca失语（motor aphasia）26命名性失语、遗忘性失语（anomic aphasia）27失用症、运用不能（apraxia）28折刀样肌张力增高29Jackson癫痫30脊髓休克（spinal shock）31Gower征32肌无力危象（myasthenic crisis）33癫痫（epilepsy）34发作（seizure）35短暂性脑缺血发作、小卒中（transient ischemic attach、TIA、minor stroke）*336可逆性缺血性脑功能缺失（reversible ischemic neurologic deficits、RIND）37脑底动脉环（Willis circle）*2三大题1Brown-Sequard综合症的诊断与鉴别诊断2脊髓性感觉障碍的分型和表现3脑干病变的特点4癫痫药物治疗的基本原则*35癫痫的治疗原则6癫痫与其它发作性疾病的鉴别、癫痫的鉴别诊断*38癫痫持续状态的定义和治疗9试述癫痫大发作间隙期