大学基础英语4背诵段落.doc

大学基础英语Unit1 Thinking as a HobbyThis was my introduction to the nature of what is commonly called thought. Through them I discovered that thought is often full of unconscious prejudice, ignorance, and hypocrisy. It will lecture on disinterested purity while its neck is being remorselessly twisted toward a skirt. Technically, it is about as proficient as most businessmens golf, as honest as most politicians intentions, or as coherent as most books that get written. It is what I came to call grade-three thinking, though more properly, it is feeling, rather than thought. 我要对我的老师们进行详细的分析是为了介绍一下通常被称为思想的本质。通过他们我发现思考通常是充满了无意识的偏见、无知和虚伪的。在训诫无私的纯真的时候它的脖子却为了短裙而执意扭曲。从技术上而言，它娴熟如同商人玩高尔夫，诚实如同政客的意图，或者 更接近我自己的领域 有条理如同大多数写出来的书。这就是后来被我称作第三等级的思考，虽然事实上称它为感觉更为恰当。Grade-two thinking is the detection of contradictions. Grade-two thinkers do not stampede easily, though often they fal linto the other fault and lag behind. Grade-two thinking is a withdrawal, with eyes and ears open. It destroys without having the power to create. It set me watching the crowds cheering His Majesty the King and asking myself what all the fuss was about, without giving me anything positive to put in the place of that heady patriotism. But there were compensations. To hear people justify their habit of hunting foxes by claiming that the foxes like it. To her our Prime Minister talk about the great benefit we conferred on India by jailing people like Nehru and Gandhi. To hear American politicians talk about peace and refuse to join the League of Nations. Yes, there were moments of delight. 第二个等级的思考是对于矛盾的觉察。第二等级的思考者虽然常常回会犯另一个错，落在后面，但他们不会轻易地被吓倒。第二等级思考是一种警醒状态下的退缩。这种思考成为我的嗜好，给我带来满足干的同时也带来孤独感。因为第二等级思考具有破坏却没有创造的能力。它让我在冷眼看着人群为国王陛下欢呼的时候觉得这样的喧嚣不知所谓，却没有提供什么可以替代这样强烈爱国精神。但是这样的思考还是有好处的。听人们以狐狸喜欢这样的待遇为理由为他们捕猎狐狸，把它们撕成碎片的习惯辩护，我们的女首相谈论通过逮捕尼赫鲁和甘地这样的人跟印度协商的好处，美国政客们可以刚谈完和平转身就拒绝加入国际联盟的时候，是的，还是有令人高兴的时刻的。Grade-two thinking, though it filled life with fun and excitement, did not make for content. To find out the deficiencies of our elders satisfies the young ego but does not make for personal security. It took the swimmer some distance from the shore and left him there, out of his depth. A typical grade-two thinker will say, What is truth? There is still a higher grade of thought which says, What is truth? and sets out to find it.第二等级思考虽然让生活充满了乐趣和兴奋，却无法令人满足。寻找比我们年长的人的缺陷助长了年轻的自我，却无法让人觉得安全。我发现第二等级不仅是指出矛盾的力量。它带着游泳者离开岸游了一段距离，然后把他留在那里，束手无策。我判定本丢.彼拉多就是典型的第二等级思考者。“什么是真理？”他问道，一种十分常见却总出现在争论的末尾而不是开头的第二等级思考m 67。还有更高一级的思索问过“什么是真理？”后就开始去寻找它。Unit2 Spring SowingOh,whatdowecarewhoislooking?saidMary;butshedrewbackatthesametimeandgazeddistantlyattheground.ThenMartincutthesod,andpressingthespadedeepintotheearthwithhisfoot,heturnedupthefirstsodwithacrunchingsoundasthegrasrootsweredraggedoutoftheearth.Marysighedandwalkedbackhurriedlytoherseedswithfurrowedbrows.Shepickedupherseedsandbegantospreadthemrapidlytodriveoutthesuddenterrorthathadseizedheratthatmomentwhtenshesawthefierce,hardlookinherhusbandseyesthatwereunconsciousofherpresence.Shebecamesuddenlyafraidofthatpitiless,cruelearth,thepeasantsslavemaster,thatwouldkeepherchainedtohardworkandpovertyallherlifeuntilshewouldsinkagainintoitsbosom.Hershort-livedlovewasgone.Henceforthshewasonlyherhusbandshelpertotilltheearth.AndMartin,absolutelywithoutthought,workedfuriously,coveringtheridgewithblockearth,hissharpspadegleamingwhiteashewhirleditsidewaystobeatthesods.“哦，我们干嘛在意谁在看？”玛丽说着，但同时她后退了几步，盯着远处的地面。这时，马丁铲断草皮，用脚将铁锹深深地踩进土里，翻起了递一块草皮，草根被拽出土地时，发出嘎吱声。玛丽叹了口气，皱紧眉头，匆忙回到放土豆种的地方。她拿起种子，开始飞快栽种起来，以此来驱散那突然袭来的恐惧感，刚才她看到丈夫那凶猛、严厉的眼神根本没有意识到她的存在。她突然害怕这块冷酷无情的土地，这个农民的奴隶主，会把她一生都束缚在辛劳和贫苦中，直到她重返大地的怀抱。她那短暂的爱情已经一去不复返了。从此以后，她只不过是丈夫耕田种地的帮手了。而此时马丁根本什么也不想，只是在拼命的干活，往垄上培黑土。当他旋转着铁锹在一侧拍打草皮时，锋利的铁锹泛着白光。If I Rest, I RustThe significant inscription found on an old key-“If I rest, I rust”-would be an excellent motto for those who are afflicted with the slightest bit of idleness. Even the most industrious person might adopt it with advantage to serve as a reminder that, if one allows his faculties to rest, like the iron in the unused key, they will soon show signs of rust and, ultimately, cannot do the work required of them.Those who would attain the heights reached and kept by great men must keep their faculties polished by constant use, so that they may unlock the doors of knowledge, the gate that guard the entrances to the professions, to science, art, literature, agriculture-every department of human endeavor.Industry keeps bright the key that opens the treasury of achievement. If Hugh Miller, after toiling all day in a quarry, had devoted his evenings to rest and recreation, he would never have become a famous geologist. The celebrated mathematician, Edmund Stone, would never have published a mathematical dictionary, never have found the key to science of mathematics, if he had given his spare moments to idleness, had the little Scotch lad, Ferguson, allowed the busy brain to go to sleep while he tended sheep on the hillside instead of calculating the position of the stars by a string of beads, he would never have become a famous astronomer.Labor vanquishes all-not inconstant, spasmodic, or ill-directed labor; but faithful, unremitting, daily effort toward a well-directed purpose. Just as truly as eternal vigilance is the price of liberty, so is eternal industry the price of noble and enduring success. 如果我休息，我就会生锈在一把旧钥匙上发现了一则意义深远的铭文如果我休息，我就会生锈。对于那些懒散而烦恼的人来说，这将是至理名言。甚至最为勤勉的人也以此作为警示：如果一个人有才能而不用，就像废弃钥匙上的铁一样，这些才能就会很快生锈，并最终无法完成安排给自己的工作。有些人想取得伟人所获得并保持的成就，他们就必须不断运用自身才能，以便开启知识的大门，即那些通往人类努力探求的各个领域的大门，这些领域包括各种职业：科学，艺术，文学，农业等。勤奋使开启成功宝库的钥匙保持光亮。如果休米勒在采石场劳作一天后，晚上的时光用来休息消遣的话，他就不会成为名垂青史的地质学家。著名数学家爱德蒙斯通如果闲暇时无所事事，就不会出版数学词典，也不会发现开启数学之门的钥匙。如果苏格兰青年弗格森在山坡上放羊时，让他那思维活跃的大脑处于休息状态，而不是借助一串珠子计算星星的位置，他就不会成为著名的天文学家。劳动征服一切。这里所指的劳动不是断断续续的，间歇性的或方向偏差的劳动，而是坚定的，不懈的，方向正确的每日劳动。正如要想拥有自由就要时刻保持警惕一样，要想取得伟大的，持久的成功，就必须坚持不懈地努力。Unit3 Groundless Beliefs “Self-interest” is to be understood first in the ordinary sense, as referring to a mans way of earning his livelihood and acquiring wealth. But we may extend the term to cover also his interest in social position; popularity with his fellows; the respect and goodwill of those whose respect and goodwill he values. It covers his interest in his own career, in whatever prestige he enjoys as one of the leadersor at least as a valued supporterof some movement or institution, some religious body, some other kind of society or group. There is many a man who is unconsciously compelled to cling to a belief because he is a “somebody” in some circleand if he were to abandon that belief, he would find himself nobody at all. 从一般意义上来说，“自身利益”首先应该被理解为一个人谋生与获取财富的一种方式。然而，“自身利益”这个词的意思可以引申到包括一个人的社会地位，在同事中的声望，以及他所重视的来自他人的尊重与友善。它还可以涉及一个人在事业中的利益，他作为某一运动或机构、某一宗教团体或其他社会团体的领导者之一，或者是至少作为受到重视的支持者所享有的名望。许多人无意识地被迫坚持某种观点，因为他是某个圈子里的“重要人物”如果他放弃这一观点，就会成为无足轻重的小人物。We all know the person who has a string of stock anecdotes. We all know too the person who has certain stock arguments and opinions which he expresses, almost in the same words, whenever he receives the “cue.” We all know men and women whose minds work like gramophones. Put them on to the “record” about the good old days; or about prohibition; or about the wicked capitalist; or about the lazy and improvident workers; or about the country going to the dogs; or about the modern girl; or some long, tedious anecdote about what I said to him, and what he said to me, and I said and he said and then I told him straight! All we have to do is to start him offand nothing on earth can stop himuntil the “record” has run out! 我们都认识某位总讲一连串陈旧故事的人。我们也都认识那个一旦收到“暗示”，就几乎总是用同样的话语表达着某些陈腐的观点和看法的人。我们都知道一些大脑工作起来像留声机一样的男子和女人。让他们放关于过去好日子的“录音”，放关于20世纪二三十年代的禁酒时期的录音，关于罪恶的资本家们的录音，关于懒散而又目光短浅的工人们的录音，关于走向衰落的国家，关于时髦的女郎，或是关于我对他说的，他说给我的话，我说他说然后我又直接告诉他这些冗长乏味的陈年琐事的录音！我们能做的就是让他无休止地说下去无论什么也无法阻止他一直到录音全部放完为止！Unit4 Sonnet XVIIIShall I compare thee to a summers day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summers lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmd;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or natures changing course untrimmdBut thy eternal summer shall not fadeNor lose possession of that fair thou owst;Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growest:So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this and this gives life to thee.能不能让我来把你比拟做夏日? 你可是更加温和,更加可爱： 狂风会吹落五月里开的好花儿, 夏季的生命又未免结束得太快： 有时候苍天的巨眼照得太灼热, 他那金彩的脸色也会被遮暗； 每一样美呀,总会离开美而凋落, 被时机或者自然的代谢所摧残； 但是你永久的夏天决不会凋枯, 你永远不会失去你美的仪态； 死神夸不着你在他的影子里踯躅, 你将在不朽的诗中与时间同在； 只要人类在呼吸,眼睛看得见, 我这诗就活着,使你的生命绵延.Unit5 For Want of a DrinkWhen the word water appears in print these days, crisis is rarely far behind. Water, it is said, is the new oil: a resource long squandered, now growing expensive and soon to be overwhelmed by insatiable demand. Aquifers are falling, glaciers vanishing, reservoirs drying up and rivers no longer flowing to the sea. Climate change threatens to make the problems worse. Everyone must use less water if famine, pestilence and mass migration are not to sweep the globe. As it is, wars are about to break out between countries squabbling over dams and rivers. If the apocalypse is still a little way off, it is only because the four horsemen and their steeds have stopped to search for something to drink.The language is often overblown, and the remedies sometimes illconceived, but the basic message is not wrong. Water is indeed scarce in many places, and will grow scarcer. Bringing supply and demand into equilibrium will be painful, and political disputes may increase in number and intensify in their capacity to cause trouble. To carry on with present practices would indeed be to invite disaster.Unit6 TheTelephoneWhenIwasgrowingupinMagdaluna,asmallLebanese villageintheterraced,rockymountainseastofSidon,timedidntmeanmuchtoanybody,exceptmaybetothosewhoweredying.Inthosedays,therewasnorealneedforacalendarorawatchtokeeptrackofthehours,days,months,andyears.Weknewwhattodoandwhentodoit,justastheIraqigeeseknewwhentoflynorth,drivenbythehotwindthatblewinfromthedesert.Theonlytimepiecewehadneedofthenwasthesun.Itroseandset,andtheseasonsrolledbyandwesowedseedandharvestedandate andplayedandmarriedourcousinsandhadbabieswhogotwhoopingcoughandchickenpoxandthosechildrenwhosurvivedgrewupandmarriedtheircousinsandhadbabieswhogotwhoopingcoughandchickenpox.Welivedandlovedandtoiledanddiedwithouteverneedingtoknowwhatyearitwas,oreventhetimeofday.我小时候住在一个叫做马格达路纳的黎巴嫩小村庄里，它位于西顿以东梯田环绕的多石的山区。对于村里的人们来说，时间并不是很重要-也许除了病危的人以外。那时候，我们实在无需日历或手表这类东西来计时，计日，计月，计年。我们知道什么时候该做什么事情，就像伊拉克大雁受到来自沙漠热风的驱使，知道什么时候该向北飞一样。那时候，太阳是我们唯一需要的计时器。日出日落，四季不停轮换。我们就随之播种，收获，吃饭，玩耍，到时候和表兄弟姐妹结婚生子，到时候这些孩子就得百日咳和水痘那些活下来的孩子长大后又和他们的表亲结婚生子，孩子到时候又得百日咳和水痘。我们出生，结婚，劳动，甚至死去，都无需知道这些事发生在哪一年，也无须知道具体是一天的哪个时段。Unit9The Goodness of LifeThough there is much to be concerned about, there is far, far more for which to be thankful. Though lifes goodness can at times be overshadowed, it is never outweighed.For every single act that is senselessly destructive, there are thousands more small, quiet acts of love, kindness and compassion. For every person who seeks to hurt, there are many, many more who devote their lives to helping and to healing.There is goodness to life that cannot be denied.In the most magnificent vistas and in the smallest details, look closely, for that goodness always comes shining through.There is no limit to the goodness of life. It grows more abundant with each new encounter. The more you experience and appreciate the goodness of life, the more there is to be lived.Even when the cold winds blow and the world seems to be covered in foggy shadows, the goodness of life lives on. Open your eyes open your heart, and you will see that goodness is everywhere.Though the goodness of life seems at times to suffer setbacks, it always endures. For in the darkest moment it becomes vividly clear that life is a priceless treasure. And so the goodness of life is made even stronger by the very things that would oppose it.Time and time again when you feared it was gone forever you found that the goodness of life was really only a moment away. Around the next corner, inside every moment, the goodness of life is there to surprise and delight you.Take a moment to let the goodness of life touch your spirit and calm your thoughts. Then, share your good fortune with another. For the goodness of life grows more and more magnificent each time it is given away.Though the problems constantly scream for attention and the conflicts appear to rage ever stronger, the goodness of life grows stronger still, quietly, peacefully, with more purpose and meaning than ever before.尽管有很多事让人忧虑，但相比而言，值得感激的事要多得多。尽管生命的美好有时被蒙上阴影，但它却永远不会被埋没。相对于每一个无谓的破坏行为而言，都是更多数以千计更为微小的、包含着爱、友善和同情的举动静静地上演着。相对每一个试图伤害他人的人而言，都是更多的人致力于帮助他人，治愈他人的创伤。生命的美好不能否认。在最为壮观的前景和最为琐碎的细节中，请仔细观察，因为美好的事物总是散发着耀眼的光芒闪亮登场。生命的美好没有界限。每一次相遇都会使这美好变得越发丰富。你经历的越多，越能欣赏生命的美好，生命中的美好就会变的越多。即使当寒风袭来，整个世界似乎被雾气掩盖之时，生命的美好仍会存在。睁开双眼，打开心扉，你就会发现这美好无处不在。尽管生命的美好有时似乎遭遇挫折，但它总会挺过来。因为，在最黑暗的时刻，有一点变得格外清楚，那就是，生命是无价的财富。因此，正是与生命的美好相对立的事物使其越发强大。无数次地，当你担心这美好已经远离之时，你就会发现生命的美好其实只是与你相隔须臾。它就在下一个角落，存在于每个时刻之间，等着给你惊喜。花些时间让生命的美好感动自己的灵魂，放松自己的思绪。然后，把你的幸运与他人分享。因为生命的美好就会在每次给予之间变得越来越壮观。尽管总是有问题让你去关注，冲突也似乎愈演愈烈，但生命的美好却总是静静地、平和地，带着比以往更强的意志和更多的价值变得更为强大。Unit11 Soldiers HeartIt is right to remember such thing as I have describedin the first place, because those who have lived and died before us should be remembered, insofar as it is possible. Otherwise our own lives seem worthless. In the second place, war is a permanent human condition, and men and women will have to face it. It may help them to know how people no stronger physically or mentally than they have faced it.Unit13Mothers Love 妈妈的爱there is no love,like a mothers love没有任何一种啊,可以和母爱相比no stronger bond on earth.世界上也没有比之更强大的凝聚力like the precious bond that comes from godto a mother,象神赐与一个母亲的珍宝when she gives birth当她孕育一个新生命a mothers love is forever strong母爱是强大而永恒持久的never changing for all time.任何时候都不会改变and when her children need her most当她的孩子最需要她的时候a mothers love will shine母爱就会照亮（孩子的心灵）god bless these special mothers上帝保佑这些特别的母亲god bless them every one.上帝保佑她们中的每一个for all the tears and heartache所有的眼泪和悲伤and for the special work theyre done已及她们所做的特殊工作when her das on earth are over直到生命终止的那一天a mothers love lives on母爱依旧长存through many generatious通过代代相传with gods blessings on each one上帝在保佑着每一个母亲be thankful for our mothers对我们的母亲感恩吧!for they love whit a higher love因为她们的爱是一种无私的奉献from the power god has given是上帝赋予的力量and the strength from up above是所有超越一切的力量1. Simile 明喻A figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another. It is an explicit comparison indicated by the word like or as.e.g. A beauty is both charming and thorny like a rose.2. Metaphor 暗喻A figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another.e.g. Life is a box of chocolate, you never e.g. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested.3. Personification 拟人A figure of speech in which a thing, quality, or idea is treated as a person.e.g. The year 1871 witnessed the heroic uprising of the Paris Commune.4. Metonymy 换喻A figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is closely associated.e.g. When the war was over, he took up the pen again.5. Synecdoche 提喻A figure of speech in which a part is used for a whole, an individual for a class, (a material for a thing), or the reverse of any of these.e.g. Germany beat Argentina 2 to 1 in this exciting football match.e.g. The farms were short of hands during the harvest season.6. Euphemism 委婉语It is the substitution of a mild or vague expression for a harsh or unpleasant one.e.g. to die: to pass away, to leave us; ones heart has stopped beatinge.g. old people: senior citizense.g. dustman / garbage collector: sanitation workere.g.When we came back we found him in an armchair, peacefully gone to sleep but for ever. 7. Irony 反语A method of humorous or subtly sarcastic expression in which the intended meaning of the words used is the direct opposite of their usual sense.一种富有幽默感或精妙的挖苦人的表达方法，其所用的词语意欲表达的意义正与这些词语的通常意义相反。e.g. This diligent student seldom reads more than an hour per month.8. Overstatement & Understatement 夸张与低调陈述Overstatement：(also hyperbole) a figure of speech which gently exaggerates the truth言过其实Understatement：statement that expresses an idea, etc. too weakly. 轻描淡写e.g. Shes dying to meet you. e.g. On hearing that he had been admitted to that famous university, he whispered to himself, “Im the luckiest man in the world.”e.g. It took a few dollars to build this indoor swimming pool. 9. Transferred Epithet 移就An epithet is an adjective or descriptive phrase that serves to characterize sb. or sth.A transferred epithet is one that is shifted from the noun it log