第一讲 动词和动词短语.doc

常见高频动词短语总结1. breakbreak away 摆脱；逃跑break down （机器）出故障；中断；分解break into 闯入；打断；突然中断break off 中断；折断；突然停止break out 突然发生；爆发break through 突破；克服；挣脱而出break up 打碎；中断；分解break in 破门而入；打断（谈话）；插嘴2. bringbring about 引起；造成bring down 使倒下；使下降；使受挫折bring forward 提出；提前（=put forward）bring into operation实施；使生效bring out 显示出来；出版；生产bring up 提出；教育；培养；吐出bring back 把-送回；使想起；恢复bring in 引进；挣得3. callcall for 需要；要求；邀请call off 取消；停止call on 拜访；看望；号召call up 打电话；使人想起；召集call at 访问call in 请来；召集call back 回电话；召回4. comecome about 发生come across 偶遇；碰到；讲清楚come along 进展；成功；一道走come into effect 生效come off 发生；举行；成功come on 快点；走吧；有进展come out 出来；结果是出版come round/around再现；恢复知觉；改变看法come through 经历；获得成功come to 苏醒；达到；总数为come up 发生；走上前去;(时间)快到come up to 达到（高度、程度）；符合come up against 碰到（困难）come up with 赶上；提出come back 回来；反驳come true 变为现实5. cutcut across 绕劲道穿过；超越；遮住cut back 削减；终止；急忙返回cut down 削减；减少cut in 插嘴；打断；突然出来cut off 切断；中断；隔绝cut out 删掉；戒掉cut short 中断；打断；缩短6. carry carry on 继续；坚持carry out 执行；实施carry through 帮助度过难关；完成；实现7. diedie away 渐弱die down 熄灭；平静下来die of 因-（病）死亡die from 因-（外部原因）死亡die out 灭绝；绝种be dying to do sth. 迫切想做某事8. givegive away 赠送；颁发；泄露；告发；失去give out 分发；公布；公开；用完（vi）;耗尽（vi）give off 发出；放出give up 放弃；自首；将-交给某人（to sb.）;对某人不报希望（on sb.）give in 屈服；投降；让步；上交；呈交9. gogo along 进展；陪同前往go by 时间过去；经过；遵守go down 下降；下沉；下跌go for 去；选择；想要；攻击（用语言）go in for 从事；爱好；参加（选拔赛、考试等）go into 研究；调查，从事go off 离开；爆炸；食品变坏；断电；熄灭；（与副词连用或用于疑问句）进行；发生go on 继续进行；发生；上场go out 离开；熄灭；过时go over 浏览；仔细查看；检查；审查go through 通过；经历（苦难）；仔细检查go up 上升；增长；涨价10. getget through 浏览；翻阅；经历困难（痛苦）；做完某事get in 收割；收获；收集；购买；买进；插话get over 克服；战胜；熬过；做完；结束；走完get on 继续；进行；上车get round 传播；散播；说服某人；回避；避开get about 四处走动；传开get across 传达；使-让人理解get along/on (with) 进展；相处get down 记下；下来；下车；使-人忧愁get down to(介词) 开始认真干get back 恢复；回来；收回get out 泄露；逃离get tighter 聚会；收集11. holdhold back 阻碍；阻止；控制；抑制；隐瞒；保留；犹豫不决hold up 举起；抬起；拿起；支撑；耽搁；使停顿；拦劫；抢劫；举出，提出hold out 维持；坚持；伸出；拿出hold off 拖延；延迟12. keepkeep away(from) 使远离keep back 扣除，保留；隐瞒keep off 避开；不接近keep on 继续keep out 挡在外边；（警示语）请勿靠近keep up 保持，不低落；持续，继续keep up with 跟上13. looklook after 照顾；关心look out 看；当心；查阅；观察look back 回头看；回顾look down on/upon轻视；看不起look for 寻找；寻求；期望look forward to 盼望；期待look in 顺便看望；顺便拜访look into 调查，深入了解look on 观看； 旁观look over 翻阅；浏览look through 浏览；详细调查look up 查阅；查出14. makemake for 向-前进，快速走向make out 理解，领悟；辨认出，写出make up 组成，占-比例；弥补，补偿；捏造make up for 弥补，补偿make up of 由-组成；包含有15. pickpick out 挑出；分辨出；区别出pick up 拿起；捡起；收拾；偶然获得，学会，接收（节目）；（开车）去接；（顺便）捎带16. putput across 解释清楚；使人接受put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put away 放好；收好put down 写下；记下；镇压put forward 提出；推荐；把-提前put in 伸进；提出；提交；申请，请求put in for 申请；正式要求put off 延期；推迟；关掉；阻止，妨碍put on 穿上；戴上；上演；增加（体重）put out 熄灭；关灯；生产出，出版put up 举起；修建；提供put up with 忍受；容忍put through （把电话）接通；做完；向传达，提出（to sb.）；使经受的考验17. send send away 送走；解雇send for 派人去请send out 发送；长出；发出（光、信号等）send up 上升；发射18. setset about 开始做，着手set apart 使分离；使显得突出set aside 留出；拨出set back 推迟，阻碍；使花费set down 记下，写下set off 动身出发；引起；使爆炸（cause to explode）set out 动身出发；引起;表示“着手做”时后跟动词不定式set up 建立；创立；引起19. take take after 与-相似take apart 拆卸（机器）take away 拿走；时离开；消除（病痛等） take down 记下来；拆掉take for （错）当作；（误）认为take in 吸收；接受；领会；欺骗take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下take on 呈现；采纳；承担，从事take ones time 不要着急，慢慢地做take over 接收，接管，取代take to 喜欢；养成-的习惯take up 占据，占（时间、空间）；开始从事20. turnturn down 关小，调低，拒绝turn off 关上/掉；转向；（使某人感到厌烦）turn out 关（灯）；制造；结果是；原来是；培养turn over （使）翻转/身；移交；周转；仔细考虑turn to 求助于；（使）转向；（把注意力等）转向；翻书到turn up 开大；被发现，被找到；到达；露面part2 真题演练1.We_the last bus and didnt have any money for taxi, so we had to walk home. (全国卷)A. reached B. lost C. missed D. caught解析：miss意为“错过”，指由于某种原因错过了某个机会、某趟车等。根据所提供的情景didnt have any money for taxi, so we had to walk home可判断出误了火车。reach意为“到达”，指到达某个地方。lose意为“丢失”，丢失了最后一趟火车明显错误。catch意为“赶上”，与所提供的情景矛盾。2.Mike didnt play football yesterday because he had _ his leg. (全国卷)A. damaged B. hurt C. hit D. struck解析：hurt意为“伤害，刺痛”，常指肉体上或精神上受到伤害，尤指打伤、刺伤，强调痛苦的后果，但不十分严重。表明Mike在踢足球时受了伤。damage意为“损坏，损害”，主要指破坏或降低价值或局部功能，可用于生物，更常用于非生物。hit意为“打”，指有目标地重重一击，侧重击中和用力。strike意为“打，敲，击，殴，碰，撞，攻击，冲击”，但比hit正式，指急促、突然、一次性地打击，也指用力地敲打。3.Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself, but her parents did not her to do so. (全国卷)Aforbid B. allow C. follow D. ask解析：allow意为“允许”，指允许做某事，给予某人权利或特权，常含有默许，但实际内心不一定同意的意味。表示允许她那样做。forbid意为“禁止”。follow意为“跟着，跟随；接着，跟着发生，继之后；(地位)在之后”。ask sb to do sth意为“要求某人做某事”。4. We want to rent a bus which can _ 40 people for our trip to Beijing. (天津卷)A. load B. hold C. fill D. support解析：hold意为“容纳”，表示租的汽车可以容纳40人。load意为“装载，担子；负担；工作(负荷)量”，指装载货物等。fill意为“注满，装满，装填，填充”，表示把容器等装满，其宾语常是表示容器的名词。support意为“援助；拥护，赞助”。5. Most of us know we should cut down on fat, but knowing such things isnt much help when it _ shopping and eating. (天津卷)A. refers to B. speaks of C. focuses on D. comes to解析：本题考查常用句型“when it comes to something”.其意思是when you are dealing with something or talking about something当谈到的时候。6.The computer system suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. (辽宁卷)A.broke down B.broke out C.broke up D.broke in解析：break down含有“打破，减轻，坍塌，彻底失败，精神不支，中止，把分解”等意思，这里指电脑在他正在搜寻信息时突然坏了。break out意为“发生；(战争等)突发，爆发”。break up意为“开垦，破碎，破坏，解散，结束，衰弱”。break in意为“闯入，打断，使习惯于，使驯服，训练成为”。7.We re trying to ring you back, Bryan, but we think we _ your number incorrectly. (浙江卷)A. looked up B. took down C. worked out D. brought about解析：本句意思是“我们想打电话叫你回来，但是我们认为记错了你的号码”。look up，查找，拜访，改善；take down拿下，记下，拆卸，病倒；work out以解决， 设计出， 作出，计算出， 消耗完；bring about使显示， 出版，生产，说出。8. What should I do first? The instructions _ that you should mix flour with water carefully first. .(浙江卷)A. go B. tell C. write D. say解析：答句主语是instructions（说明书），go是“走”，显然不符合题意。tell后面一般跟人， tell sb sth，也不对，write是“写”的意思和主语不符。say有“显示”的意思，表示提供一种信息，选D。9.She_Japanese when she was in Japan. Now she can speak it freely. (福建卷)A. picked out B. made out C. made up D.picked up解析：pick up意为“学会，学到”，指通过非正规的方式学会或学到某种技能，如语言等。pick out意为“选好，选出”，指从许多东西中挑选出质量好的。make out意为“理解，领悟；发现,看出”。make up意为“补，弥补，补给，补充，补足”。10.One of the best ways for people to keep fit is to_ healthy eating habits. .(湖北卷)A. grow B develop C. increase D. raise解析： develop意为“发展”，表示事物从小到大，从弱到强的发展过程。表示使健康的饮食习惯不断发展起来。grow意为“成长”，指人、动物或植物不断成长；increase是“加大、增加”的意思；raise是“提高、饲养”的意思，都不符合题意。11.Its already 10 oclock I wonder how it _ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.(湖北卷)A. came over B. came out C. came about D. came up解析：这句话的意思是“10点了，我很奇怪这么短的路程她怎么会迟到两个小时”，“how it _”应该是“怎么会发生”的意思。come over 是“过来”的意思；come out 是“出来、生长的意思”；come up是“过来，出现”的意思；只有come about有发生的意思。12.The building around the comer caught fire last night. The police are now _the matter.(湖北卷)A. seeing through B. working out C. looking into D. watching over解析：see through是“看穿”的意思；work out是“解决（问题）、计算出”的意思；look into是“观察、调查”的意思； watch over是“看守、监视”的意思。根据题干，“昨晚大楼失火了，警察正在”从题意看应该填look into（调查）。13.As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village _scenes of my childhood. (湖北卷)A. called up B. called for C. called on D. called in解析：call up是“使想起”的意思；call for是“要求、提倡”的意思、call on 是“号召”的意思，call in是“召集”的意思。根据题干“因为我在山脚下一个小镇长大”来到这个小镇应该是“使我想起”童年的回忆”，选A.14.Although the wind has _, the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat. (湖北卷)A. turned up B. gone back C. died down D. blown out解析：经过对题干进行分析，根据前面的“although”和后面的“雨还在下”可知空白处里面的意思应该和“remains steady”相反，所以应该选 died down，意思是变弱，逐渐消失。15. The traffic lights green and I pulled away. (广东卷)A. came B. grew C. got D. went解析：从题意可知交通灯“变”绿了。系动词come，go和grow均可表示“变成”，但go的主语多是物，指某物发生了什么样的变化，有时指向坏的方面转变。come的主语往往是人，多指向好的方面转变。grow强调人或事物的“逐渐变化”过程。16. I was still sleeping when the fire and then it spread quickly. (广东卷)A. broke out B. put out C. came out D. got out解析：根据“and then it spread quickly”可知空中要填“（火）着了”。break out 是“爆发”的意思指战争、火灾等突然发生。put out是“释放出、产生”的意思；come out 是“长出、出现”的意思，get out是“离开、逃脱”的意思，所以应该选A。17. Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to _ _ a good researcher. (山东卷)A. make B. turn C. get D. grow解析：这句话的意思是没有毅力不能坚持的人不会成为一个好的研究者。make有成为的意思。turn也有成为的意思，但是后面跟名词作表语时，名词前不用冠词；get是获得；grow强调人或事物的“逐渐变化”过程。18. After he retired from office, Rogers _ painting for a while, but soon lost interest. (山东卷)A. took up B. saved up C. kept up D. drew up解析：take up，拿起, 开始从事, 专注于，继续；save up，储蓄, 贮存；keep up，不低落, 维持, 继续；draw up，草拟，写，部署。这句话的意思是“Rogers退休以后，他专注于画画一段时间，但是很快就失去了兴趣”。19. For all these years I have been working for others. Im hoping Ill my own business someday. (江西卷)A. turn up B. fix up C. set up D. make up解析：根据前一句近年来我都是为他人工作，所以后一句意思是我希望建立自己的生意，用set up，设立，开创的意思。turn up 是“找到、出现”的意思；fix up 是“修理、解决”的意思；make up是“弥补、化妆”的意思。20.After the earthquake，the injured were cared in the local hospitals or taken by air to the hospitals in the neighbouring cities. (江西卷)A.of B. for C. after D. with解析：本题表面上是在考查介词，而实际上是在考查care几个短语的意思。care of是转交的意思；care for 是关怀、照顾；没有care after和care with这两个搭配。The injured是伤员的意思，伤员应该被照顾，选B。21.It was already past midnight and only three young men in the tea house(安徽卷)Aleft Bremained Cdelayed Ddeserted解析：remain意为“逗留(在某处)”。指继续待在或存在于某处，继续保持在某种状态。表示过了午夜，还有三个年轻人逗留在茶馆。leave作不及物动词，意为“离开”，作及物动词，意为“留下”，表示“某人留下”要用被动语态。delay意为“延迟，拖延，耽搁”。desert作动词表示“丢开，抛弃”。22 Four dollars a pair? I think its a bit too much If you buy three pairs, the price for each will to three fifty.(安徽卷)Acome down Btake down Cturn over Dgo over解析：come down意为“下降”，所提供的情景Four dollars a pair?和to three fifty说明如果买三双就会把价钱降下来。take down意为“写下，记下”。turn over意为“滚动，翻过来，营业额为，周转，移交，翻阅”。go over意为“仔细检查，复习，重做”。23. The boss said we had only three days to finish the work.(四川卷) Dont worry.We have already _ two thirds of it.A.got down B.got through C.given in D.given away解析：get through是完成的意思。第二句是“不要着急，我们已经完成了三分之二”。get down是写下；give in是放弃，give away是出卖、放弃，意思都不对。24.How are you managing to do your work without an assistant?Well，I_somehow. (重庆卷)A.get along B.come on C.watch out D.set off解析：get along意为“（勉强）过下去，工作下去”，因为对方问的是How are you managing to do your work without an assistant?所以用I get along somehow.表示自己在没有助手的情况下设法工作下去。come on意为“快点，赶快”。watch out意为“当心，提防”。set off意为“出发”。25.With no one to_in such a frightening situation,she felt very helpless. (陕西卷)A.turn to B.turn on C.turn off D.turn over解析：turn to意为“求助于”，no one与不定式to turn to构成复合结构，作with的宾语。to turn to的逻辑宾语是no one，表示“无法求助于任何人”。turn on意为“打开”，指打开电灯、收音机、自来水等。turn off意为“关上”，指关上电灯、收音机、自来水等。turn over意为“使翻倒，倾覆；交付，移交”。20071. Why dont you just _ your own business and leave me alone? (全国卷II)A. make B. open C. consider D. mind 解析：mind your own business“管好自己的事情”。2. At minus 130, a living cell can be _ for a thousand years. (上海卷) A. sparedB. protected C. preserved D. developed 解析：根据句意，在零下130 度，细胞能保活1000年。3. In this seaside resort, you can _ all the comfort and convenience of modern tourism. (山东卷)Aenjoy Bapply Creceive Dachieve 解析：该题是词义辨析题。enjoy the comfort and convenience是“享受舒适和方便”的意思。4. Emergency line opertors must always calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help. (湖北卷)A.grow B.appear C.become D.stay解析：系动词基本意思辨析, stay calm保持镇静5. Surely it doesnmatter where the student associations get their money from; what is what they do with it. (湖北卷)A.counts B.applies C.stresses D.functions 解析：count表示“重要”,相当于be important.这句话的意思是：学生会的钱来自哪里并不重要,重要的是他们是怎么用这笔钱。6. Dont take too much of the medicine;it does you more harm than good if you . (江西卷) A.do B.take C.like D.have 解析：本题考查动词do的用法。此处do用于替代句子前面一个相同的动词take。7. Mum _ to us，“Be quiet! Your little sisters sleeping”(四川卷) Awhispered Bshouted Cexplained Dreplied 解析：whisper表示悄悄说，低语；shout表示大声喊叫；explain 表示解释；,reply表示回答，因为后面使用quiet,所以选A。8. Look! Hes running so fast! Hard to _ his legs were once broken. (浙江卷) A. know B. imagine C. realize D. find 解析：难以想像他的腿曾经断过。A.知道了解 C.认识到 D.发现，觉得，均不符合题意。9. Lucy has _all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university. (天津卷)A. acquired B. finished C. concluded D. achieved 解析：acquire获得，得到（acquire a good knowledge of English）；finish完成；conclude结束，得出结论；achieve取得，达到achieve a goal达到目标。10. “Goodbye, then,” she said, without even _ from her book. (全国卷I) A. looking down B. looking up C. looking away D. looking on 解析：本题考查短语动词的辨析。结合句子语境可以知道，她说道别时根本没有抬头。11. I have _ all my papers but I still cant find my notes. (全国卷II)A. looked throughB. looked for C. looked after D. looked out解析：look through：仔细检查。12. Its the sort of work that _ a high level of concentration. (山东卷) Acalls for Bmakes up Clies in Dstands for 解析：该题是短语动词意义辨析。根据句意应该选择A. call for，意思是“需要”。13. Didnt you have a good time at the party? Of course I did. As a matter of fact, I had such fun that time seemed to _ so quickly. (安徽卷) A. go by B. go away C. go out D. go over 解析：go by（时间）流逝=pass14. The news of the mayors coming to our school for a visit was on the radio yesterday. (福建卷)A.turned out B.found out C.given out D.carried out解析：give out 表示“播放,发布”。15. If the firms failed to make enough money, they would . (湖北卷)A.close down B.call off C.turn down D.set off解析：公司挣不到钱,将被迫关闭。close down “关闭,倒闭”。16. If we can our present difficulties, then everything should be all right. (湖北卷)A.come across B.get over C.come over D.get off解析：get over difficulties克服困难。17. Have you _ some new ideas? Yeah. Ill tell you later. (江苏卷) A. come aboutB. come intoC. come up with D. come out with 解析：题意为“你想到新的主意了吗？是的，我稍后告诉你”，故选C。come about“发生，产生”；come into，“进入，继承，得到（遗产）”，come up with“想到，找到答案，主意等” come out with “说出”。18Do you think that housing price will keep _ in the years to come? Sorry, I have no idea. (江苏卷) A. lifting upB. going upC. bringing up D. growing up 解析：题意为“你认为住房价格会在近年后继续上涨吗？抱歉，我不知道。”，根据句子意思不难选到答案B，因为go up表示（价格，温度，水位等）上升，上涨。lift up表示“（被）提起，举起，抬高，吊起”；bring up表示“被抚养长大，呕吐”；grow up长大成人。keep doing sth. 表示“继续，持续，不断做某事”19. We had wanted to finish our task by noon, but it didnt quite . (陕西卷)A.find out B.give out C.hand out D.work out解析：work out 的意思很多且有的用法也很特殊,此处表示 “结果.怎么样”。20 I think he is taking an active part in social work. I agree with you . (陕西卷)A.in a way B.on the way C.by the way D.in the way解析：in a way意思是“在某中程度上”。B.在路上 C.顺便说 D.挡路都不符合题意。21It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly _ my friend. (四川卷) A. turn out B. bring out C. call out D. pick out 解析：turn out结果是；bring out 拿出；call out召唤；pick out辨认。22Hardly could he _ this amount of work in such a short time. (天津卷)A. get through B. get off C. get into D. get down 解析：get through完成；get off下车；get into进入；get down使降低。题干为“他未能在如此短的时间内完成工作“。23. We firmly believe that war never settles anything. It only _ violence. (浙江卷) A. runs into B. comes from C. leads to D. begins with 解析：lead to 导致。战争不会解决什么问题，它只会导致暴力。24. Would you please _ this form for me to see if Ive filled it in right? (浙江卷) A. take off B. look after C. give up D. go over解析：go over 浏览。A.脱下，起飞 B.照看 C.放弃，都不符合题意。25. The open-air celebration has been put off _ the bad weather. (浙江卷) A. in case of B. in spite of C. instead of D. because of 解析：because of 由于。A.万一B.尽管 C.代替，而不是，都不符合题意。由于天气恶劣，露天庆典已经推迟了。26. Shes having a lot of trouble with the new computer, but she doesnt know whom to _.(重庆卷) A. turn to B. look for C. deal with D. talk about解析：turn to sb. for help向.求助。27. Dont be _ by products promising to make you lose weight quickly. (辽宁卷)A. taken off B. taken out C. taken away D. taken in解析：take in的意思很