2015高考英语一轮语法复习题（14讲）.doc

第一讲名词名词词义辨析，包括形近、同缀、意近和无关联词1(2013湖北高考)Poetry written from the _ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.AperspectiveBpriorityCparticipation Dprivilege解析：选A考查名词辨析。句意：从都市年轻人的视角写的诗歌往往显示出了他们因为缺少归属感而带来的焦虑。perspective“视角，观点”；priority“优先(权)，优先事项”；participation“参加，参与”；privilege“特权，优惠”。根据句意可知，A项正确。2(2012湖北高考)It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any _.Asymptom BsimilarityCsample Dshadow解析：选A考查名词辨析。句意：定期检查眼睛看看是否有眼疾的征兆很重要，眼疾可能事先没有任何症状。symptom“症状”，符合句意。similarity“类似”；sample“样本”；shadow“阴影”。3(2013辽宁高考)The accident caused some _ to my car, but its nothing serious.Aharm BinjuryCruin Ddamage解析：选D考查名词辨析。根据后面的its nothing serious可知，造成的破坏不严重，所以不能选择ruin“毁灭，废墟”；damage意为“破坏，损坏”，意思是说破坏的程度不是很严重，往往修理之后仍然可以使用。harm意为“伤害，损害”；injury意为“受伤害”，主要指躯体和情感上的伤害。4(2012山东高考)My first _ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.AexpressionBattentionCsatisfaction Dimpression解析：选D考查名词词义辨析。句意：他给我的第一印象是他是个善良而且有思想的年轻人。first impression“第一印象”。expression“表达；表情”；attention“注意”；satisfaction“满意”。名词构成的固定搭配，尤其是高频的“动词名词”与“介词名词”的短语搭配5(2013湖北高考)Carbon dioxide, which makes a _ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.Adifference BcomparisonCconnection Dbarrier解析：选D考查名词辨析。句意：二氧化碳是我们和太阳之间的一道屏障，它使大气里的热量不容易释放出去，于是地球将会变得更暖。根据句意可知，barrier“障碍，屏障”正确。difference“分歧，区别”；comparison“比较”；connection“联系”。6(2013江苏高考)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a _ for the better.Ashare BchanceCturn Dlead解析：选C考查名词辨析。根据句中的for the better可知，美国的饮食文化将向更好的方面转变，因此选turn。share“份额”；chance“机会”；lead“榜样”。考点三名词的一词多义与熟词新义7(山东高考)Those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine.Arelief Bsafety Cdefense Dshelter解析：选A句意应为“那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。”所以A项意义符合句意， relief 表示“缓解，减轻，解除”。 safety表示“安全，保险”；defense 表示“防御，防护”； shelter表示“掩蔽，保护”。8(2011江西高考)Whats the_， in your opinion, of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself? Asympathy BthemeCobject Dpoint解析：选D考查名词词义辨析。句意：依你看，如果他都不努力帮他自己，那我们帮他的目的是什么呢？whats the point of.表示“的目的(意图)是什么？” 。sympathy“ 同情”；theme“主题”； object“物体”，均与句意不符。 一、名词词义辨析1形近词的词义辨析symptom(症状)similarity(类似)sample(样本) shadow(影子)sympathy(同情) symbol(象征，符号)symptom(症状) system(系统)commitment(承诺，奉献) competition(竞争)ambition(野心) company(陪伴)2相同词缀的名词辨析expression(表达；表情) attention(注意)satisfaction(满意) impression(印象)expectation(期望) reputation(声誉)contribution(贡献) civilization (文明)accommodation(住宿) occupation(职业)adaptation(适应，改编) appreciation(欣赏)equipment(设备) arrangement(安排)assessment(评估，估算) entertainment(娱乐)3意义相近词的辨析strength(长处) talent(天赋)ability(能力) skill(技能)advice questionoffer ideaanger rudenessregret panic(惊慌)“Tommy, run！Be quick！The house is on fire！”the mother shouted, with panic clearly in her voice.(2011湖北高考)“汤米，跑！快跑！房子着火了！”妈妈大声喊道。她的声音里显然带着恐慌。4无一定关联性的名词词义辨析curiosity(好奇) satisfaction(满意)envy(羡慕) patience(耐心)difference comparison(比较)connection barrier(屏障，障碍)luck valuetime factWhenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with patience.(2013江西高考)无论什么时候我犯了错误，老师总是耐心地把它们指出来。二、名词的固定搭配1动词have, take, make, pay, play, put, give等加名词构成的短语have a good reputation有个好名声have a feeling of 有感觉have access to 可以获得take advantage of 利用，趁之机take a turn 转变get relief 得到缓解The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good reputation.(江苏高考)这位医生在治疗心脏病上技术高超而且从来不收病人任何礼物，因此享有较高声誉。2介词后加名词构成的短语in great demand 需求量很大in progress 在进行中out of touch 与无联系beyond recognition 辨认不出来The Harry Potter books are quite popular, they are in great demand in this city.(2012全国卷)哈利波特系列图书很受欢迎，在这座城市的需求量很大。三、抽象名词具体化1表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有单词抽象名词具体化名词意义success成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危险危险的人或因素failure失败失败的人或事物 surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock震惊令人震惊的事情Its a good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.(2012福建高考)对于人们来说，欣赏带给他们快乐的上海世博会是一种美好的感觉。2有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词物质名词可数名词物质名词可数名词drink饮料two drinks两杯饮料sugar糖a sugar一块糖coffee咖啡a coffee一杯咖啡paper纸a paper一张报纸；一篇论文tea茶two teas两杯茶hair头发a hair一根头发I knocked over the tea cup and it fell on the mobile phone.You should never put drinks near a phone.我把茶杯碰倒了，它落在了那部手机上。你决不该把饮料放到手机附近。1.(2014荆州质检)The notes for vocabulary are very exact, which could help readers to break the language _ directly and effectively.AregulationBconventionCpattern Dbarrier解析：选D句意：词汇的注释非常精确，能够直接有效地帮助读者打破语言障碍。regulation“规则，条例”；convention“惯例，常规”；pattern“模式，方式”；barrier“障碍”。根据句意可知D项正确。2Diplomatic _ have been more frequent in recent years, but these troubles cannot make up major obstacles to Chinas further rise.Aprivileges BdisputesCservices Dimmunities解析：选B句意：近年来，外事争端更频繁，但这些麻烦事并不能构成中国未来崛起的主要障碍。privilege“特权”；dispute“争端；争议”；service“服务”；immunity“免除；豁免；免疫力”。3The _ of todays young people to marry and bear children at late age drew great attention from socialists as well as government.Acircumstance BtendencyCcivilization Dpresentation解析：选B考查名词辨析。句意：当今年轻人晚婚晚育的趋势引起了政府和社会学家的极大关注。circumstance“环境；境遇”；tendency“倾向；趋势”；civilization“文明”；presentation“出示；介绍会；赠送仪式”。4(2014宜昌调研)It is not what you are thinking about but how you can put it into _ that counts.Apractice Battempt Cpermission Daccount解析：选A考查名词辨析。句意：重要的不是你所想的，而是你如何能够付诸实践。put .into practice“将付诸行动”。5The crying baby eventually found _ in the arms of her mother, sleeping through the whole afternoon.Acomfort Badvantage Cconvenience Dprescription解析：选A考查名词辨析。句意：那个哭泣的婴儿最终在妈妈的怀抱中找到了安慰，睡了整整一下午。comfort“安慰；舒适”，符合句意。advantage“益处；优越性；有利条件；优势”；convenience“便利；有用的安排、设施”；prescription“指示；医生开的药；处方”。6Money doesnt necessarily buy happiness, so we can safely draw a conclusion that making fortune is not always a good _ for a happy life.Achallenge BcriterionCingredient Dqualification解析：选B句意：金钱不一定买到幸福，因此我们可以有把握地得出结论，赚钱不总是幸福生活的好标准。challenge“挑战”；criterion(pl.criteria)“标准”；ingredient“成分”；qualification“资格”。7Finding information in todays world is easy.The _ is how you can tell whether the information you get is useful or not.Aability BcompetitionCchallenge Dknowledge解析：选C考查名词辨析。句意：当今世界，获取信息很容易，难在如何判断你所获取的信息是否有用。challenge“挑战”，符合句意。8(2014武汉调研)I think some day he will drop out of the program, because a person like him with _ wont stay long in such a small firm.Adetermination BintentionCambition Dprofession解析：选C考查名词辨析。句意：我认为，将来某天他会从这个项目中退出，因为像他这样有志向的人不会在这家小公司待很长时间的。ambition“志向，抱负，雄心”，符合题意。determination“决心”；intention“意图，目的”；profession“职业，专业”。9A(n) _ is an official document offered by a university or other higher education provider when you have completed a course or training.Acertificate BidentityCpermit Dpassport解析：选A考查名词辨析。句意：当你完成一门课程或一项训练时，证书是一所大学或其他更高的教育机构提供给你的正式文件。certificate“证书，文凭”，符合题意。identity“身份”；permit“许可证，执照”；passport“护照”。10Confidence is more than just an attitude; it comes from a strong commitment to take _， rather than just let life happen.Aconsideration BeffectCresponsibility Daccount解析：选C考查动名搭配。句意：信心不只是一种态度；它来自承担责任的一种强烈的义务，而不只是听天由命。 take . in consideration “考虑”；take effect“生效”；take responsibility“承担责任 ”；account“账目；记述；报告”。第二讲代词 考点一all, both, any, either, neither, none的辨析1(2014武汉调研)Its an eitheror situation we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we _.(do)这是一种二选一的情况，我们今年要么买一辆新车，要么去度假，但两者不可兼得。答案：cant do both 2(2014武昌区调研)Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but I _ of them very much.(like)我在纽约和芝加哥住过，但是我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。答案：dont like either考点二it, one, ones, the one(s), that和those的辨析3(2012湖北高考)Our understanding of education, work and society is _ of the earlier generation.(different)我们对教育、工作和社会的认识和我们上一代的不同。答案：different from/than that4(2014武汉调研)At our factory there are a few machines _ described in this magazine.(similar)我们工厂里的一些机器与这本杂志里描述的那些机器很相似。答案：(which are) similar to those/the ones考点三it的用法5(湖北高考)During his last lecture, the scientist_easier to explain the theory to those with some background knowledge.(find)在他上次的演讲中，这位科学家觉得向那些有一些背景知识的人解释这一理论要容易些。答案：found it (was)6(湖北高考)_ that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.(occur)他突然想到他第二天上午要出席一次重要会议。答案：It occurred to him7(湖北高考)_ one thousand dollars to buy the painting last week.(cost)上周我花了一千元买了那幅画。答案：It cost me一、it的用法A lovely day, isnt it?Yes.I love it when the weather is like this.Why not go out for a walk?天气不错，不是吗？是的，我非常喜欢这样的天气。出去走走怎么样？What an interesting story！Its the most impressive story Ive ever read.But Im sure it wont interest everybody.多么有趣的故事！它是我曾经读过的印象最深刻的故事。但是我确信它不会使每个人都感兴趣。He didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.他没有把何时何地召开会议搞清楚。When it comes to saving energy, big changes start with small steps, like turning off the lights.当提到节能的时候，大变化从细微的行动开始，比如随手关灯。Sarah made it to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.(2012全国卷)今天早晨萨拉及时到达机场，赶上了飞机。it的主要用法1指代时间、距离、自然现象等。2指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、群体、想法，性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物，也可指代未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。3it作形式主语或形式宾语代指不定式、动词ing形式、名词性从句。4表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后面接it，构成固定结构，这类动词有enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate等。5it的高频搭配When it comes to .当涉及make it成功；确定时间为(后接时间类名词)as it is事实上；照原样get it明白了二、替代词it, that, one, those的区别Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonalds.(2012浙江高考)研究一下温迪的菜单，我发现其中的很多条目和麦当劳(的菜单)相似。Weve been looking for a cheap house but havent found one yet.我们一直在找一个便宜的房子但是还没有找到。The scenery in the southern mountains is quite different from that of the city in the north.南部山区的风景与北部城市的风景迥异。I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy it.我喜欢这座前面有花园的房子，但是我没有足够的钱来买它。it特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物that可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the onesone指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为onesthosethe名词复数(尤其是有后置定语时)三、不定代词all, both, any, either, neither, none的区别Would you like to go shopping with me on Saturday or Sunday?Im sorry.Neither will suit me.Ill be away on business during that period.星期六或星期天陪我去购物好吗？对不起。那两天都不行。我那段时间将正在出差。As the two dictionaries are useful, Ill take both and either of them is very important to me.由于这两本词典都有用，我会把它们都带走，每一本对我来说都非常重要。All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem.这些男孩都很聪明，但他们当中没有一个能解出这道题。都任何都不两者botheitherneither三者或三者以上allanynone1.(2014黄冈适应性考试)_ that the experiment ended in failure? We should try to find out the cause.(come)实验怎么会失败呢？我们应好好找找原因。答案：How did it come about2_ what I should talk about in the meeting, he has no constructive advice.(come)当谈及我在会上应讲些什么时，他没有什么建设性的建议。答案：When it comes to3The role change of husband to father, although difficult, doesnt seem so _ of wife to mother.(great)从丈夫到父亲的角色转变，尽管很难，但好像不如从妻子到母亲的转变那么大。答案：great as that4Resolve allows us to have a new dream, improve an existing dream or even begin again _.(necessary)决心会让我们有新的梦想，完善现有的梦想或者在有必要的时候重新开始。答案：when (it is) necessary5_， then, that has made war an inescapable part of the human experience？(what)那么是什么使战争成为人类的经历中不可避免的一部分呢？答案：What is it6Helen has been looking for a job over the whole year, feeling she _ without work experience.(get)海伦整年都在找工作，她感到没有工作经验不可能找到一份工作。答案：cant get one7(2014黄冈高三模拟)After years of hard work, you may _ that he can fulfill the task.(depend)经过多年努力的工作后，你可以相信他能够完成这个任务。答案：depend on it8(2014武汉二中模拟)We are told from the directors office that _ we know the result of the final examination.(long)我们从主任办公室获悉，过不了多久，我们就可以知道期终考试的结果了。答案：it will not take/be long before9I dont think _ her to show off wealth everywhere.(wise)她到处炫富，我认为这不明智。答案：it is wise of10The cultural background of China is totally _ of the US.(different)中国的文化背景与美国的完全不同。答案：different from that第三讲介词和介词短语考点介词短语辨析1(2013湖北高考)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered _ a long lost antique Greek vase.Aat randomBby chanceCin turn Don occasion解析：选B考查介词短语辨析。句意：最近，一位艺术家渡船到南方的岛屿，偶然发现了一个遗失多年的古老的希腊花瓶。根据句意可知应选B，表示“偶然地”。at random“任意地，随便地”；in turn“轮流，依次”；on occasion“有时，偶尔”。2(2013浙江高考)It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner._， Ill set the table.AAs a result BOn the wholeCIn the meanwhile DAs a matter of fact解析：选C考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果你能去商店买些我们晚餐需要的东西，那就太好了。与此同时，我会布置好桌子的。in the meanwhile“同时，在此期间”，符合句意。as a result“结果”；on the whole“大体上”；as a matter of fact“事实上”。3(2012湖北高考)The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _ in the garden of a traditional home.Aout of question Bout of orderCout of sight Dout of place解析：选D考查介词短语辨析。句意：这套家具款式新潮，色泽明亮，与新式房屋和花园配套，但看起来与传统的房子和花园不相称。out of place“不合适的；不相称的”，符合句意。out of question“毫无疑问”；out of order“次序颠倒”；out of sight“看不见”。一、常见介词的用法常用介词如in, on, for, with, against, of, beyond, out of, across等含义较多，应全面把握。1against有“违背，违逆；反对；对不利；倚；靠；碰撞；预防；衬托”之意。My mother is against my suggestion while my father is in favour of it.我母亲反对我的建议，然而我父亲赞成。2beyond可表示“范围，限度”，意为“超出，为所不及”。常用短语：beyond words/description/imagination/belief/ones reach/ones control“无法用语言形容、无法用语言描述、想象不出来、不相信、够不着、管不了”。No one hopes that the situation between China and Japan is beyond control due to the Diaoyu Islands.没人希望中日关系因钓鱼岛事件失控。3by可表示“程度或增减的幅度”，还可作“按；以计；依据”讲。As far as I know, workers are generally paid by the month.据我所知，工人们通常按月来付工资。4for有“就而言；从来看；达，计；为”之意。The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。I always wanted to do the job which Id been trained for.(2012浙江高考)我总想从事以前为之培训的工作。5off有“在离不远处；在沿海的海面”之意。The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake. (2012辽宁高考)Well饭店坐落于湖尽头的大路附近一个非常安静的地方。6across有“横跨”之意。Do you think this shirt is too tight across the shoulders？(2012北京高考)你觉得这件衬衫在肩膀这个地方是不是太紧了？7on/upon有“刚就；一就”之意，后接名词或动词ing形式。Rose received a big hug from her mother on her stepping out of the train.Rose一下火车，她妈妈就给了她一个大大的拥抱。8over可表示时间，意为“在期间；直到结束”。Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy over the past couple of weeks.(2011山东高考)很抱歉没给你打电话，可是这几个星期我一直很忙。9within可表示范围、程度，意为“在之内”。The government was doing everything within its power to help the victims.政府正尽其所能帮助那些受害者。10of表示“在范围内”。Of all the animals Ive ever had, these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.(2012浙江高考)在我养过的所有动物中，这两只狗对口头语言最敏感。二、介词短语辨析考查介词短语辨析，往往要借助具体语境，另外，还要掌握常用的介词短语及其意义。1与介词in搭配的常用短语in a way在某种程度上in no way 没门in the way 挡住道路in vain 徒劳in general 通常，大体上in detail 详细地in turn 轮流in return 作为回报in need 需要in time 迟早2与out of搭配的常用短语out of date/time 过时/过期out of question 毫无疑问out of the question 没门/绝不可能out of shape 变形out of fashion 不流行out of order 出了故障out of reach 遥不可及3“in名词of”常用搭配in honor of 为纪念in charge of 负责，掌管in terms of 依据，根据in praise of 赞扬in favor of 支持，赞同in need of 需要4与介词at连用的常用短语at no time 决不at a time 一次/每次at one time 一度/曾经at times 不时地/有时at ones request 应某人的要求at a loss 不知所措5其他常考短语on behalf of 代表by chance/accident 偶然after all 毕竟，别忘了regardless of 不管，不顾on the whole 总的说来on the contrary 相反1.We havent seen each other for many years, so I am quite _ the plan that we have a party this weekend.Ain place of Bin favor ofCin honor of Din need of解析：选B考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们已经很多年没有见面了，所以我非常赞成这周末办个聚会的计划。in place of“代替”；in favor of“支持；赞同”；in honor of“为了向表示崇敬”；in need of“需要”。根据句意可知应选B项。2(2014武汉调研)If you are _ then exercise, or the movements you make, will cause you some degree of physical harm.Aout of breath Bout of workCout of luck Dout of condition解析：选D考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果你的健康状况不好，那么你所进行的锻炼或运动将在一定程度上给你造成身体上的伤害。out of breath“上气不接下气”；out of work“失业”；out of luck“不走运”；out of condition“身体状况不好”。根据题意选D。3Once the puzzle is finished, theres a special treat _： Mickey and his friends will move around, speaking and singing wellknown songs your children will love.Ain hand Bin needCin charge Din store解析：选D考查介词短语辨析。句意：一旦猜出谜语，会有特别的奖励：米老鼠和它的朋友就会四处走动，说唱你的孩子将会喜欢的著名歌曲。in hand“在手中”；in need“在贫困中”；in charge“负责；主管”；in store“等待着；快要发生”。4Having lived in the town for many years, Mr.Smith no longer felt _ among the local people.Aout of control Bout of touch Cout of place Dout of use解析：选C考查介词短语辨析。句意：史密斯先生在镇上生活了多年后，不再感觉与当地人格格不入。out of place“不在适当的位置，格格不入”，符合题意。out of control“失控”；out of touch“失去联系”；out of use“废弃”。5(2014咸宁调研)_ providing financial aid to the victims, the organization also sent trained volunteers to help in the rescue operation.AAccording to BFar fromCApart from DRegardless of解析：选C句意：除了给那些受害者提供经济援助外，这个组织还派训练有素的志愿者参与救援工作。apart from“除以外”，符合题意。according to“根据，按照”；far from“远离，完全不”；regardless of“不管，不顾”。6(2