2013卫生A级阅读理解小抄及押题.doc

第三十九篇Sauna（A级）Ceremonial bathing1 has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans2 used sweat lodges. The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit3 would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna. “savusauna ,is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available. Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving4. Those with muscle aches or arthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation. Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion and speed recovery time5. The bodys core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating6 a slight fever. The sauna could be considered to follow the old saying feed a cold, starve a fever7. The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place. Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs8 of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the bodys physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular system9 gets a work out10 as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute.A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctors advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions11 at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.词汇：Sauna n（芬兰式）蒸汽浴，桑拿浴 congestion n阻塞；拥塞Odor n气味，味道 grime n污垢；尘垢Arthriti n关节炎 cardiovascular adj心血管的inflammation n咒，炎（症） diabetes n糖尿病asthma n气喘 注释：1ceremonial bathing:仪式性的沐浴。许多宗教都有这种以沐浴作为仪式的习俗。2pre-Columbian Americans:哥伦布前的美洲人。Columbian是Columbus的形容词形式，意思是“哥伦布的”；pre-是前缀，意思是：在前。pre-Columbian Americans，其完整的意思是：哥伦布发现美洲大陆前的美洲人。3fire-pit：火槽4relaxing and stress relieving:能使人放松并消除压力。5alleviate congestion and speed recovery time:减轻胸闷感，加快康复的速度。6imitate：to appear like；resemble：像；类似7feed a cold, starve a fever: 谚伤风时宜吃，发热时宜饿；伤风不怕吃，热病不怕饿。8lb: pound(磅)的缩写形式。9cardiovascular system:心血管系统10a work out:做名词用，意为“运动，锻炼”。11sessions:（做某事或进行某活动的）一段时间练习：1. Ceremonial bathing_.仪式性的沐浴_。 A) is called the sauna by FinnsB) is equivalent to the steam bathC) has various forms有多种形式（正确答案）D) is held in an enclosed room2. What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience? _一些人认为真正的桑拿体验是_。A) Saunas in underground caves. .B) Saunas with smoke. 烟熏桑拿（正确答案）C) Saunas using wood burning stoves.D) Saunas using electric stoves.3. According to the third paragraph, saunas can do all of the following EXCEPT根据第三段，桑拿可以做以下这些，除了_。A) reducing the chance of getting coldB) speeding recoveryC) relieving stressD) curing asthma医治哮喘（正确答案）4. According to the fourth paragraph, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow because _根据第四段，桑拿使皮肤变得光洁因为_。A) pores are cleaned by sweat毛孔被出汗清洁（正确答案）B) water is lost by sweatingC) blood moves to the surface for heat exchangeD) the heart pumps harder and faster5. Who are advised not to take a sauna? 哪些人被建议不能蒸桑拿？A) Elderly people.B) Pregnant women.C) People with heart trouble.D) All of the above. 以上所有（正确答案）第三十九篇 桑拿浴（A级）仪式性的沐浴已经有几千年的历史，并且有多种形式，其中的一种就是桑拿浴。芬兰人完善了蒸汽浴，也就是桑拿浴。它可以在一个封闭的房间里将水浇在滚烫的石头上，或是一种干热浴。日本人，希腊人，土耳其人、俄国人以及美洲土著人在他们的沐浴传统中都有发汗浴这一形式。用干热浴发汗的方式是古罗马优先使用的，而哥伦布发现美洲大陆前的美洲人则使用充满蒸汽的小屋。最早的桑拿浴有可能是在地下山洞里。由于当时还没有掌握烟囱技术，山洞里总是充满着火焰引起的浓烟。人们在火槽里生火，加热山洞的四壁。当墙壁达到一定的温度时，将浓烟排出洞外，这使得墙壁还能保持几个小时的高温。今天，有一些人认为有烟的桑拿浴，“烟熏桑拿”，才是真正的桑拿体验，而所有的桑拿浴都应该至少有烟熏或烟味儿的背景。现在，尽管煤油炉和烧木头的火炉仍然可以使用，大多数的桑拿浴都是用电炉。桑拿浴能使人放松并消除压力。肌肉疼痛或关节炎都可以利用桑拿浴的热气减轻疼痛和炎症。热气还可以拓展哮喘患者的肺部通道，使呼吸更加顺畅。桑那浴并不能治愈普通的感冒，但它可以减轻患者的胸闷感，加快康复的速度。在蒸桑拿时，人体温度通常会上升12度，就像发低烧一样的感觉。因此，蒸桑拿可以说是印证了一句老话：“伤风时宜吃，发热时宜饿。”定期蒸桑拿浴可以在第一时间预防感冒的发生。蒸桑拿对皮肤也有好处。它可以促进皮肤的血液循环和出汗。在这个过程中，成年人一般每小时要蒸发2磅的水。出汗可以清除毛孔中的污垢，使皮肤变得光洁。失水只是暂时性的，人体机能能够很快补充合适的水量。在热气交换的过程中，心脏跳动得更快，这就使心血管系统也得到了锻炼，蒸桑拿浴时的心率能从原来的平均每分钟72下，增加到100150下。健康的心脏可以承受这种变化，而那些心脏病患者在蒸桑拿浴之前应该先征求医生的建议。同样的，老年人和糖尿病患者也应如此。孕妇则不能蒸桑拿浴，尤其是怀孕的头三个月。其实，每个人在刚开始尝试桑拿浴时都应该先是短时间的，直到适应了这种沐浴方式。可替换知识点1. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans2 used sweat lodges.芬兰人完善了蒸汽浴。它可以在一个封闭的房间里将水浇在滚烫的石头上，或是一种干的蒸汽浴这一形式。日本人、希腊人、土耳其人、俄国人以及美洲土著人在他们的沐浴传统中都有发汗浴这一形式。用热蒸汽干蒸的方式在古罗马很受欢迎，而哥伦布发现美洲大陆前的美洲人则使用充满蒸汽的小屋。2. The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. 最早的桑拿浴很有可能是在地下山洞里。3. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.现在，尽管煤油炉和烧木头的火炉仍然可以使用，大多数的桑拿浴都是用电炉。4. The sauna could be considered to follow the old saying feed a cold, starve a fever7.因此，蒸桑拿可以说是印证了一句老话：“伤风时宜吃，发热时宜热。”5. The cardiovascular system9 gets a work out10 as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute.在热气交换的过程中，心脏跳动得更快，这就使心血管系统也得到了锻炼，蒸桑拿浴时的心率能从原来的平均每分钟72下，增加到100150下。卫生类A级：（阅读理解）一级重点文章+第三十九篇Sauna【2013年教材新增文章】+第三十六篇Dangerous Sunshine to Children+第三十七篇Hypertension Drugs Found to Cut Risk of Stroke+第三十八篇Pregnancy Anomalies May Lower Breast Cancer R