模块9第4单元语法突破-高考链接-你问我答.doc

模块9第4单元语法突破直接宾语和间接宾语刘永科英语中有许多及物动词，后面可以跟两个宾语间接宾语和直接宾语。例如：Tom lent me his new bicycle. 在这个句子中，me是间接宾语，his new bicycle是直接宾语。下面着重讲解，哪些动词可以跟间接宾语和直接宾语，及其它们位置的变化情况。一、可以跟间接宾语和直接宾语，且能用to置换间接宾语的动词，常见的有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, promise, read, write, show, teach, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, return, tell, allow, cause等，例如：Mr. Brown will sell us his house. = Mr. Brown will sell his house to us. He told her a funny story. = He told a funny story to her.She sent him a message. = She sent a message to him.It will cause you a lot of trouble. = It will cause a lot of trouble to you.Mary wrote me a letter. = Mary wrote a letter to me.注意：Mary wrote a letter to me. 玛丽给我写了一封信。Mary wrote a letter for me. 玛丽替我写了一封信。二、可跟间接宾语和直接宾语，且能用for置换间接宾语的动词，常见的有：buy, choose, cook, find, get, make, order, paint, play, reach, sing, spare, do, fetch等，例如：Tom bought me a bottle of ink. = Tom bought a bottle of ink for me.Can you get me some stamps? = Can you get some stamps for me?Will you do me some favour? = Will you do some favour for me?Mrs Johnson cooked us a wonderful meal. = Mrs Johnson cooked a wonderful meal for us.Could you spare me a few minutes? = Could you spare a few minutes for me?三、可跟间接宾语和直接宾语，且能用of置换间接宾语的动词有ask, 例如：May we ask you some questions now?May we ask some questions of you now?四、可跟间接宾语和直接宾语，且能用for, to或其他个介词置换间接宾语的动词有do, leave, play 等，例如：I will do you a translation. = I will do a translation for you. Smoking will do you harm. = Smoking will do harm to you. Have you left me any food? = Have you left any food for me? = Have you left any food to me? The musician played us some music. = The musician played some music for us. Ill pay you a game of chess. = Ill play a game of chess with you. He played me a trick. = He played a trick on me.注意：在下列情况下，不能使用间接宾语。只能用“直接宾语 + 介词结构”： 当直接宾语是人称代词。如：Lenin found his pass and showed it to the guard. He took off his boots and handed them to the soldier.但在口语中，下列说法都正确，但最后一句是标准的书面语。Would you please give me it? Would you please give it me? Would you please give it to me? 当强调间接宾语时。如：I bought the coat for you, not for myself. You had better hand the papers to the official directly. 当间接宾语为强调句型的被强调对象时。如：It was to that girl that John gave the book. 当间接宾语比直接宾语复杂时。如：He is going to show the picture to the girl sitting next to him. 当间接宾语为疑问代词时。如：Who did you send the package to?I sent it to Xiao Wang. 当间接宾语为定语从句的先行词时。如：Is this the boy you returned the book to? 当直接宾语为被动语态句子的主语时。如：The great wrong has been done (to) him.(5) explain, suggest, announce, declare 等动词不能接双宾语。但可以说：He explained the sentence to me. She suggested to me a visit to the museum. 注意：英语中还有一类动词，其用法看起来很像上面叙述的间接宾语和直接宾语。但是，它们实际上是跟两个直接宾语的动词。下面例句中的两个宾语，都是动词所示动作的直接承受者。这些可以跟两个直接宾语的动词有envy, strike, forgive, ask, forget, save等，例如：I envy you your fine garden. 我羡慕你家那漂亮的花园。I struck him a heavy blow. 我狠狠地打了他一下。Forgive me my debt. 免了我的债吧。She refused me my request. 她拒绝我的要求。That will save me a great deal of trouble.那会省我许多麻烦。 还有一种间接宾语和直接宾语的情况，比较特殊。就是直接宾语由动词不定式充当。例如：Mary promised her father to marry that young man. 玛丽答应她父亲要嫁给那个年轻人。(本句中，to marry that yong man是主语Mary发出的动作，是promised的直接宾语。)请比较：He permitted Mary to mary that young man. 他允许玛丽嫁给那个年轻人。(本句中，to marry that yong man是宾语Mary发出的动作，作permitted的宾补。)模块9第4单元你问我答刘永科【问】本单元学习的生词postpone，表示“推迟，延期”之意。练习中还有一个句子：My parents suggested postponing our visit to the pyramids because we didnt have enough time to see them before we left Egypt. 请问，它跟同样表示“推迟，延期”的delay, put off 等词，有何细微区别？【答】postpone, delay 和put off 均含“推迟”、“延期”、“延缓”的意思。它们区别如下：delay 指“暂时阻挠或阻挡, 稍后可再继续进行”，如:The flight was delayed by bad weather. 航班因天气不佳而延期。 We decided to delay our holiday until next month. 我们决定将休假延至下个月。postpone是正式用语, 语义较强, 指“有意识地延至将来某一特定时间”, 在多数情况下, 后面说明改在何时进行, 如:The meeting has been postponed to Friday. 会议推迟到星期五举行。We postponed the match from March 5th to March 19th. 我们把比赛从3月5日推迟到3月19日举行。put off与postpone大致同义, 但前者较通俗和口语化, 如:Lets put this off till some other time. 我们还是把这事搁一搁, 以后再说吧。Never put off what you can do today till tomorrow. 今天能做的事决不要推迟到明天。模块9第4单元语法练习山东 刘永科一、用间接宾语和直接宾语完成下列句子：1. Henry has _(给詹妮写了一封信).2. Kate has _(寄给詹妮一个包裹).3. Henry has _(给了彼得一些钱).4. Kate has _(给彼得看了一本书).5. Henry has _(为琳达买了一套游泳装).6. Kate has _(教了琳达一堂英语课).二、仿照例题完成下列各句：-What have Henry and Kate paid the university? -Jennys tuition.They have paid the university Jennys tuition.1. -What have they bought Jenny? -A radio._.2. -What have they got Jenny? -A sewing machine._.3. -What has Kate taught Jenny? -Sewing. _.4. -What has Kate lent Jenny? -Her car. _.5. -What has Henry shown Jenny? -A map._.6. -What has Henry given Jenny? -Some advice._.三、把下列各句中的直接宾语变成it，然后改写句子：1. -Has Henry given Peter some money? -Yes, he has given _.2. -Has Kate shown Peter a new book? -Yes, she has shown _.3. -Has Henry bought Linda a swimming suit? -Yes, he has bought _.4. -Has Kate taught Linda an English lesson? -Yes, she has taught _.5. -Have Henry and Kate got Jenny a sewing machine? -Yes, they have got _.6. -Have Henry and Kate mailed Jenny a package? -Yes, they have mailed _.四、用to还是用for :1. Kate has taught Jenny sewing. She has taught sewing _ Jenny.2. Kate has lent Jenny her car. She has lent her car _ Jenny.3. Kate has mailed Jenny a package. She has mailed a package _ Jenny.4. Henry has shown Jenny a map. He has shown a map _ Jenny.5. Henry has given Jenny some advice. He has given some advice _ Jenny.6. Henry has written Jenny a letter. He has written a letter _ Jenny.7. They have bought Jenny a radio. They have bought a radio _ Jenny.8. They have found Jenny a dictionary. They have bought a dictionary _ Jenny.9. They have got Jenny a sewing machine. They have got a sewing machine _ Jenny.10. They have made Jenny a desk. They have made a des