2013高考语法复习状语从句.doc

高中英语语法 郭老师 qq 176289375状语从句状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号分开；放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、原因、条件、让步、地点、目的、结果、方式、比较等九种。 1时间状语从句 通常由when, while, as, before, after, (ever) since, till, until, as soon as等从属连词引导。 When he was skating round the lake, he suddenly fell. I havent heard from him since he left school.注意：时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来意义。 I will go on with the work when I come back tomorrow. 1）when, while, as引导时间状语从句时的异同 when引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是短暂性动词；从句的动作可以和主句的动作同时发生，也以先于主句的动作发生，此时相当于afterwhen从句谓语动词是延续性动词时，可与while互换I often missed my home a lot when I was abroad.( =while ) When they came home, I was cooking dinner. (不能用while) When the film ended, people rushed out of the hall. ( =after ) when从句置于主句后面，同时从句中谓语动词又是短暂性动词时，常表示“此时突然”I was walking along the street when I caught sight of a tailors shop. while引导的动作必须是持续性的，强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，有时侧重主句和从句动作的对比 He took a bath while I was preparing dinner. as常可与when, while通用，但它较强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，常译作“边边”也可用来说明两种正在发展和变化的情况，此时常译作“随着 He sang happily as he walked along the path. The day gets longer and longer as summer comes. 2）until, till引导的时间状语从句 a.主句谓语动词为延续性动词时，主句和从句都用肯定句式，意为“一直到”，表示主句动作一直延续到until/till从句表示的时间才终止；b.主句谓语动词为短暂性动词时，主句用否定式，从句用肯定式，意思是“一直到才”，表示主句动作到until/till从句表示的时间才开始 He worked until/till it was dark. He didnt open the door until/till it was dark.until和till意义相同，通常可换用，但在强调结构、倒装句或句首，一般用untilIt was until then, did I know what had happened. 直到那时我才知道发生了什么事情。Not until we pointed out their fault to them did they realize it .直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。3）since和before引导的时间状语从句sSince依据从句中的动词不同，其起算时间也不同。since + 瞬间动词过去时，从该动作发生时起算；since + 延续性动词过去时，从该动作结束时起算。试比较： He has worked very hard since he entered the factory.(enter为瞬间性动词，该句意为“从他入厂以来，他工作一直非常努力。”) We havent seen each other since I worked in the factory.(work为延续性动词，该句意为“从我不在工厂以来我们没见过面”) before有时可译为“还没就” He had measured me before I could say a word. before也可用于it结构,其结构通常是 It will be + some time + before sb. does sth. 或It was + some time + before sb. did sth. 可表示将来或过去两个概念,常译作“才”He is leaving for Australia and it will be three years before he comes back. During the war he joined the army and it was three years before he came back.4）as soon as表示“一就”，在表述已发生的动作时，hardlywhen, no soonerthan也可表示同样的意思，但主句谓语动词要用过去完成时，从句用过去时，还可转换成倒装结构 As soon as he saw the policeman, he ran away. = He had hardly seen the policeman when he ran away. = Hardly had he seen the policeman when he ran away. = He had no sooner seen the policeman than he ran away. = No sooner had he seen the policeman than he ran away. 5）the moment, the minute, the instant, the day, the year, the first time, last time, each/every time, next time, by the time等少数表示时间概念的短语也可引导时间状语从句 I recognized her the minute I saw her. Her son was born the day Hongkong returned to its motherland. 2原因状语从句 1）原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导 because引导的从句可以放在主句前，也可放在主句后面，表示直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句。回答why问句、用于强调结构都用because He had to do a part-time job after work because he needed money for his marriage. since和as引导的原因从句更多见于句首，表示明显的、已知的事实，语气比because弱，分别可译作“既然”、“由于”，着重点在主句 Since you have to stay at home, why dont you do some shopping on computer?. As the weather is fine, lets go fishing.for也可引导表示原因的句子，但它是个并列连词，通常表示一种推测的原因或附加的说明，语气最弱，一般不放在句首，前面常有逗号分隔 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 2）now that, seeing that, considering that等也可以引导表示原因的从句, 语气相当于since，常译作“既然” Now (that) my watch has been sold, whats the use of the watch chain? Seeing (that) youre already at the door, I suppose I must invite you inside.3条件状语从句 引导条件句常用的有if, unless, as(so) long as, in case等，when, once, suppose (that) 或supposing (that)，on condition that 也可引导表示条件的从句。条件状语从句和时间状语从句一样，表示将来要用一般现在时 The bell is rung if there is a fire. We wont let you in unless you show your pass. 4让步状语从句 1）通常由though, although, even/though引导，主句中不能用but，但可用yet He didnt light the fire though/although it was cold. Although/though he is quite old, (yet) he still tries to learn more.2） whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however 引导状语从句时，分别相当于no matter what/who/which/when/where/how引导的从句，意为“无论”Whatever/No matter what he said, no one believed him.Whoever/No matter who breaks the law, he will bepunished. 3）as引导让步状语从句要倒装，其结构通常是“noun/adj/adv + as + 主语+谓语(+其它成分)，主句”，可转换成though/although从句 Child as he is, he knows a lot. （注意：名词前不用冠词） =Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot.Difficult as the task was, they managed to finish it in time. =Although/Though the task was difficult, they managed to finish it in time.4）whetheror也可引导让步状语从句，相当于“no matter whetheror” Whether you come in winter or in summer, you will find it a nice place. =No matter whether you come in winter or in summer, you will find it a nice place. 5地点状语从句 1）地点状语从句常由where和wherever引导，通常可置于主句之前或之后 I found the books where I left them. Make a mark where you have any questions2）where引导的状语从句和where引导的定语从句常可转换，判断它属于哪类从句的关键是看where前面有没有被修饰的、表示地点的先行词 Bamboo grows best where its wet and rainy. （状从） Bamboo grows best in places where its wet and rainy（定从）6目的状语从句 1）目的状语从句通常由 (so) that, in order that引导,在口语或非正式文体中，有时也会用that或so引导。in order that 引导的目的从句可以放在主句后面或前面，而so that引导的从句通常放在主句后面。目的状语从句中的谓语常含有may(might), can(could), should, will等情态动词The actress wore ordinary clothes in order that/so that she might not be recognized easily. =In order that she might not be recognized easily, the actress wore ordinary clothes.2）in case, for fear that, lest 等也可以引导目的状语从句，表示 “以防、以免” He left early in case he should miss the train. Take your raincoat in case it rains/should rain.7结果状语从句 1）结果状语从句常由so that, so that, such that等引导，放在主句之后，sothat与suchthat句型在一定条件下可转换He made such an excellent speech that everyone admired him. =He made so excellent a speech that everyone admired him.2）so that引导结果状语从句和目的状语从句的辨别 so that从句之前有逗号的常为结果状语从句，因表示某一行为带来的结果，从句中的时态常为过去式；so that从句中有may(might), can(could), should, will等情态动词的通常是目的状语从句 I wrote as clearly as possible so that I might get high marks. （目的） I wrote as clearly as possible, so that I got high marks. （结果）8方式状语从句 1）方式状语从句常由 (just) as, as if/though引导 Do exactly as the doctor says. He walked slowly as if/though he had hurt his leg.2）as if/though 引导的状语从句，若描述非事实情况，常用虚拟语气，若描述的是实际情况，用陈述语气 She treats the orphan as if/though he were her own child. It looks as if/though its going to rain. 3）the way 也可用来引导方式状语从句 Mary smiled the way (in which/that) her mother did at her age. 9比较状语从句 1）比较状语从句常由as as, not so (as) as, than引导,比较从句部分常为省略句His brother is as handsome as he (is)/him. 2）通常把the morethe more结构也归为比较从句，意为“越越” The harder you work, the greater progress youll make. The less she worried, the better she worked. 状语从句考点：状语从句种类常靠引导词时间状语从句When while as before after till/until since地点状语从句Where原因状语从句Because since as for目的状语从句So that in order that lest in case方式状语从句As as if/thought结果状语从句So/suchthat., so that条件状语从句If unless in case as long as让步状语从句Although though as考点一：状语从句的连词这是状语从句最常见的考查形式，命题意图是检测考生对逻辑关联词的实际运用能力。近年来考查的热点聚焦于：1). 引导时间状语从句的when, while, as, before, until, since ；.引导条件状语从句的unless, once ；引导地点状语从句的where以及引导目的 (或结果) 状语从句的so that等这些普通连词。- Why didnt you tell him about the meeting?- He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word . （06 四川）A. before B. until C. when D. after简析： before表明主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词之间的先后关系，有“在以前”, “没来得及就”，“不等就”的意思 (如句) ；句考查的是句型It + be + 时间段 + before.(过了/要过若干时间某人才做某事)。2). 引导时间状语从句的the moment, immediately；引导条件状语从句的in case；引导原因状语从句的now (that) 和引导让步状语从句的 even if，even though等这些特殊连词。例如：There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely , _ she was an only child .(05辽宁)A. ever since B. now that C. even though D. even as 简析：even though she was an only child （尽管她是独生子女）是让步状语从句。考点二：状语从句的时态(比较重要)主要考查 1). 在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的时间。- What could you do if it _ tomorrow?- We have to carry it on , since weve got everything ready .( 05全国卷 ) A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining2). when , before , after引导的从句的动作与主句动作的先后关系。例如：When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain. A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden C. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid简析：若主从句的动作先后发生在过去，通常先发生的用过去完成时。before , after本身已能表达动作的先后关系，所以主从句的动作都可用一般过去时。考点三：状语从句的成分省略主要考查在时间、条件、原因、让步、方式等状语从句中的成分省略问题或根据省略情况解决问题的能力。例如：. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it . ( 2002全国 ) A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun. While watching television , _ . (05 全国卷)A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings简析：采用先把句子补全的方法句中once begun实际上就是once it is begun的省略形式。解答句时要考虑到状语从句成分省略的前提条件，那就是：主从句主语相同，且从句中含有be动词，因此我们可从watching television判断出主从句的主语都应是we ，再由rings的形式错误排除D 。考点四：状语从句或主句的语序一般情况下，引导状语从句的连词应放在从句之首，其后用陈述句语序。但要注意以下几种倒装情况：1. “only + 状语从句”位于句首，主句用部分倒装语序，从句语序不变。例如：Only when the war was over _ to his hometown . ( 01 上海春季 )A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned.C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return2. not until 从句被提到句首时，主句用部分倒装语序，从句语序不变。例如：Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was . ( NMET95 )A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realizedC. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize3.表示“一就”的两个常见结构 “no sooner than.”和“hardly.when.”，当no sooner和“hardly位于句首时，主句用部分倒装语序，且用过去完成时态。例如：- Did Linda see the traffic accident ? （06 天津） - No , no sooner _ than it happened . A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone4. so /such.that （如此以致）结构中，so 或such位于句首加强语气时，主句用部分倒装语序。例如：So difficult _ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask