宾语从句 教师版.doc

使命 责任 学习环球雅思学校辅导讲义授课日期： 时段： 辅导科目：英语 学员姓名： 年 级：初三 学科教师：张茜 课时数：3 第 次课课 题宾语从句教 学 目 标掌握宾语从句的时态,语序,以及引导词教 学 重 点宾语从句教 学 难 点宾语从句教 学 内 容宾语从句一. 概念:在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它是众多从句中的一员，在复合句中作主句谓语动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。 在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如： I know the man. 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如： I know that the man is a policeman. 主句 引导词 从句宾语从句三大块: 1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择； 2. 宾语从句的语序； 3. 宾语从句的时态。.宾语从句的引导词1.陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：My teacher said I was a good boy.老师说我是个好男孩。She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1. I know 2. She says 3. Tell your friend （that）1.This is a book.2.You like singing.3.He worked last night.4.They will go home.5.Jim has been to Beijing.6.She sings well.2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：(1) Is Jim a good student? I dont knowI dont know if /whether Jim is a good student.(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know?Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3.The teacher asks if/whether1.Is he reading ?2.Do you get up at six?3.Does Tom work hard?4.Did you watch TV ?5.Will they read books ?6.Can you sing ?注意：只能用whether不用if 的三种情况 一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种 情况只能用whether： 与or not连用： He asked me whether or not I was coming. Let me know whether you can come or not. 在介词之后： It depends on whether it is going to rain. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings 在不定式之前： We havent decided whether to go there. I dont know whether to accept or refuse.3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。如：1.What is she doing? Can you tell me?Can you tell me what she is doing?2.Where does she live? Do you know?Do you know where she lives?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3. Can you tell me 1. What is this ?2. What are you doing ?3. Where do you live ?4. When does he get up ?5. How did you go to work?6. Who will you play with?.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序句式连词语序例句陈述句That不变I think that we can be good friends.一般疑问句if/whether改为陈述语序I cant remember if I posted the letter.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词改为陈述语序He asked who was our English teacher.注意事项:(一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：Whats wrong? Whats the matter?Whats happening? eg:I dont know whats the matter. Can you tell me who is over there?.宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是_时态。I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where well go fishing tomorrow.Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的_时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 特殊情况：1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。 Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six. Could you tell me where the bookshop is.2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。 The teacher told me she was born in 1960.宾语从句的中考考点宾语从句的结构为主句+连接词+从句。下面详细具体讲解一下考点：（1）宾语从句的语序不管这个含有宾语从句的复合句的句式是否为疑问句，宾语从句的语序是陈述语序（或者称之为正常语序），即主语在前，谓语在后，从句中不会出现像do, did, does这三个无意义的助动词。常用的出题形式为单项选择题、句型转换题（直接引语转换为间接引语此类的题）。例题 1. He asked his father _.A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen（2）宾语从句的时态 从句的时态受主句的限制，符合这样的原则：“主过从过”如果主句的时态是一般过去时，那么从句的时态要变成相应的过去的各种时态（有一种情况是除外的，如果从句说的是客观的事实或是真理，从句的时态只能用一般现在时）；如果主句的时态是一般现在时，从句的时态要用所需要的各种时态，此时从句的时态就不受主句限制了。例如：1. There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.（变为含有宾语从句的复合句）2.I dont know. They have finished their homework. （变为含有宾语从句的复合句） 3. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun. 老师告诉过我们地球围绕着太阳转动。（是客观真理）（3）从句人称的变化在把直接引语变间接引语这类题中，人称的相应变化是个考查重点，直接引语中的人称在宾语从句中要发生变化，如果是第一人称则要随着主句的主语变，是第二人称就要随着主句的宾语变化，如果是第三人称就不需要变化了。此类题常以句型转换的形式考查。请看下面的例子：1“Do you want to try it?” Toms mother asked him.(同义句)2. My mother told me .”He will come to see me.”(同义句) （4）连接词的选择考查这一内容的题型主要是直接引语变间接引语。如果直接引语部分是陈述句，选择的连接词是that，如果直接引语部分是一般疑问句，选择的连接词是if或whether，如果直接引语部分是特殊疑问句，引导词为特殊疑问词。由此我们得出宾语从句的引导词可以分为三大类：1、连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。 He knew (that) he should work hard.2、连词if 、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用if。 Tom dont know if/whether his grandpa liked the present. He asked me whether or not I was coming.一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.在介词后：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.3、连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how， 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.I wonder where he got so much money. （5）宾语从句的简化问题对于含有宾语从句的复合句进行简化，即由复合句变成简单句，可以分为两种情况：第一：如果主句的谓语动词是，ask, tell, hope, wish, decide, agree等，从句部分可以转化为动词不定式结构。例如：I hope that I can receive your email(改为简单句) 第二：有些以特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，从句部分亦可以简化为动词不定式结构，即特殊疑问词+to do ,特别是当主句的谓语动词为know ,ask ,forget ,remember, learn, tell, teach等。例如：I dont know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） 这类题也可以反过来做：例如：Lucy hasnt decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句） (6)以IWe thinkbelievesuppose+宾语从句复合句中，变为反意疑问句时，要依据从句，而非主句。同时还应该注意这种句型的否定转移问题。例如：I dont suppose they will come, _ _ ? (改为反意疑问句) 经典例题例1In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if例2I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.A.that howB.how thatC.when thatD.that when例3(2010江苏苏州中考)I wonder _.Zebras.A.what do they call these animalsB.how they call these animalsC.what they call these animalsD.how do they call these animals例4(2010北京中考)Im different from my twin sister.I love dancing，_ she is interested in reading.A.so B.orC.but D.and例5(2010重庆中考)Work hard，_ you may catch up with your classmates soon.A.orB.butC.andD.yet年全国各地中考英语真题分类汇编宾语从句 【2012黔西南】1.Do you know _ Zunyi or not tomorrow? A. whether are they leaving for B. whether they are leaving for C. if they are leaving for D. if are they leaving for 【2012贵州安顺】2.The policewoman asked the little boy _. Awhere did he live Bwhere he lived Cwhere he lives Dwhere does he lives 【2012福建福州】3. Show me the map, please. I wonder _. Look, its here, in the east of China, near Taiwan Province. A. where is Diaoyu Island B. where Diaoyu Island is C. what is Diaoyu Island like【2012.安徽省】4. - Could you tell me_ he came here? -He drove here himself. A. how B. why C. when D. whether 【2012北京】5. Can you tell me _ the prize, Tom?Last year. A. when you got B. when did you get C. when will you get D. when you will get 【2012甘肃鸡西市】6. The math problem is so hard. I really dont know_. A. how to do it B. how to do C. what to do it 【2012广东】7. Could you tell me_? Certainly. In half an hour. A. when will the high speed train arrive B. when the high speed train will arrive C. when would the high speed train arrive D. when the high speed train would arrive 【2012广西玉林】8. Excuse me, could you tell me _ to get the post office?Certainly. The No. 15 bus. A. which bus I should take B. I should take which bus C. should I take which bus D. which bus should I take 【2012贵州安顺】9.I think _ not difficult _ English every morning A. that; keep reading Bits; keep reading B. C. that; to keep reading Dit; to keep reading 【2012贵州铜仁】10. Could you tell me_?Yes, you can go there by bus. A. how can I get to the Miao King City B. where is the Miao King City C. how I can get to the Miao King City D. where the Miao King City is 【2012黑龙江齐齐哈尔】11. The math problem is so hard. I really dont know_. A. how to do it B. how to do C. what to do it 【2012 湖北黄石】12.Everyone can play an important part in society.As members, we should try our best to do_. A.what we should do B.what should we do C.how we should do D.how should we do 【2012湖北十堰】13. -Is Tom still in New York or already back at home? -Im not sure _. Ill call to make sure. A. how he will be back B. that he has come back C. why he has come back D. if he has been back 【2012湖北随州】14. Could you tell me _ ? Im not sure. A.how many people have been out of hospital B.when is Thanksgiving Day C.which animal does he like best D.what time will the dolphin show start 15. Hi,Bruce.Heres a letter for you.Thanks. I wonder _ . A.who that letter was from B.who was from that letter C.who was that letter from D.who from that letter was 【2012湖北咸宁】16. I didnt see Lucy at the party last night. Do you know_? A. why didnt she come B. what happened C. when would she arrive D. where she has been 【2012湖北孝感】17. Do you know _ London for the 30th Olympic Games? Next month. A. when they visited B. when will they visit C. when did they visit D. when they will visit 【2012湖北孝感】18. His parents found_ to tell him everything that had happened. A. it necessary B. that necessary C. it is necessary B. necessary 【2012湖北宜昌】19. Could you please tell me _ more about “shoe yogurt”? Certainly. You can look it up in this webpage.A. when could I learn B. Where I can learn C. when I can learn C. where could I learn 【2012湖南永州】20. Please tell me _ next. A. how to do it B. what to do it C. how do it 【2012湖南永州】21. The teacher asked Li Hua _. A. why he was late for class B. why was he late for class C. why is he late for class 22. Over these years I have had a new understanding of _ people traditionally call a perfect person. A. how B. what C. who D. Whom 【2012江苏连云港】23.Do you know_ ? At the end of July. A.how soon is your sister running back home B.how often Nancy from her pen friend C.when the London Olympic Games will be held D.when will the new computer game come out 【2012江苏南京】24. -Peter, is there anything else you want to know about China? -Yes, I am still wondering . A.how is Chinese paper cut made B.how was the Great Wall built in ancient times C.why the Chinese people like to play the dragon dance D.why do the Chinese people eat rice dumplings at Dragon Boat Festival 【2012江苏苏州】25. We havent discussed yet _. A. where we are going to put our new table B. where are we going to put our new table C. what we are going to put our new table D. what are we going to put our new table 【2012江苏宿迁】26. Can you tell me _ in the future? A. how life will be like B. how will life be like C. what life will be like D. what will life be like【2012江苏徐州】27. Tom, please tell me _ . In Sunshine Second School. A. where will the match take place B. where the match will take please C. Many hands make light work D. Dont put all your eggs in one basket 【2012江苏镇江】28. I wonder _.A. if Dr Ma still works on the ORBIS plane B. how much does the tallest man in the world weigh C. when Audrey Hepburn had entered the film industry D. that Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon 【2012 呼和浩特】29. What did your teacher say this morning?She told us _. A. why was Tom late for school again B. whether we had too much homework C. how she did come to school this morning D. that we would have a test soon 【2012年福建省福州市】30. - Show me the map, please. I wonder_. - Look, its here, in the east of China, near Taiwan Province. A. where is Diaoyu Island B. where Diaoyu Island is C. what is Diaoyu Island like 【2012广东省梅州市】31. - Could you please tell me_? - Theyre over there.A. where are the restrooms B. where were the restrooms C. where the restrooms are D. where the restrooms were 【2012年广东省】32. - Could you tell me_ ? - Certanily. In half an hour. A. when will the high speed train arrive B. when the high speed train will arrive C. when would the high speed train arrive D. when the high speed train would arrive 【2012 广西桂林】33. Can you tell me _ this morning? Sorry, Ive no idea. A. why didnt Daming come to school B. why Daming didnt come to school B. C. why doesnt Daming come to school D. why Daming doesnt come to school 34. Our teachers always give us good advice. We should follow_. A. what they say B. what they said C. which they say D. which they said 【2011河南】 35. My pen pal from America is coming to visit me. Im thinking about _. A. what present did I give her B. how I will give her a surprise C. where will we have a big meal D. whether I planned a trip for her 即学即练子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1) These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong. 2) Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3) There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know. Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4) Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5) Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6) Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7) How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows? Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?8) Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _ _ _ her car?9) What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.10) Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know. I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly.11) Does he still live in that street? I dont know. I dont know _ he still _ in that street. 12) Whats his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _ _.13) When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me _ _ _ _.14) Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _they _fried chicken.15）Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.单项选择1）I hope _ it will snow this winter.A.whenB.ifC.whetherD./2)I dont know _ Mr.Green will come to see us.He will help us with our English.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where3)I cant remember _ I have seen him before.A.whetherB.whyC.whatD.how4)Do you know _？Im going to see him.Sorry，I dont know.A.where does Mr.Li liveB.where did Mr.Li liveC.where Mr.Li livesD.where Mr.Li lived5)Where do you think _ he _ the computer？Sorry，I have no idea.A.；boughtB.has；boughtC.did；buyD.does；buy6)I cant understand _ he likes computer games so much.A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.where7)(2010北京中考大纲卷)Do you know _ the MP3 player last week?Sorry，I have no idea.A.how much did she pay forB.how much will she pay forC.how much she paid forD.how much she will pay for8)(2010北京中考大纲卷)I dont know _ tomorrow.Can you tell me?A.when we startedB.when did we startC.when we will startD.when will we start单项选择1）I hope _ it will snow this winter.A.whenB.ifC.whetherD./答案：Dhope 后面应该接that引导的宾语从句，that 在句中没有任何意义，可以省略。2)I dont know _ Mr.Green will come to see us.He will help us with our English.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where答案：A从下文的答语看，上文不知道的应该是“来看我们的原因”。3)I cant remember _ I have seen him before.A.whetherB.whyC.whatD.how答案：A本句表达一种不确定的概念，用whether或if。4)Do you know _？Im going to see him.Sorry，I dont know.A.where does Mr.Li liveB.where did Mr.Li liveC.where Mr.Li livesD.where Mr.Li lived答案：C宾语从句要用陈述语气，排除A、B两项。从句意判断问的是“现在住哪儿？”。5)Where do you think _ he _ the computer？Sorry，I have no idea.A.；boughtB.has；boughtC.did；buyD.does；buy答案：Ado you think是插入语，可以把它去掉，分析句意应该用应用过去时态和陈述语序。6)I cant understand _ he likes computer games so much.A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.where答案：C句意为“我不理解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏”。7)(2010北京中考大纲卷)Do you know _ the MP3 player last week?Sorry，I have no idea.