BrakePressm压弯机.doc

Brake Presses压弯机INTRODUCTION介绍Brake presses (also known as press brakes 压弯机and beam presses横梁式裁断机) are powered equipment used for linear线 bending and forming of metal products, including heavy gauge materials.压弯机是用来弯曲线、金属制品定型，包括重的测量材料，的动力设备。DID YOU KNOW?你知道吗？ Most brake press injuries result in several fingers being amputated切断 or badlycrushed压碎. Hands are trapped卡在 between the descending blade下降的叶片 and the press block , or between the press bed and the sheet of metal being shaped. In mostcases of injury the machine is unguarded, or the guard installed to protect the operator is not active.大多数的压弯机造成的伤害导致手指被切断，或被严重压碎，手卡在下降的叶片和 Any form of tool setting, such as setting the press block or blade in position,is particularly hazardous.The following questions are to help toolbox meetings to identify workplace hazards and take action to reduce the risks.下面的问题是为了帮助识别工作场所的危险以及采取降低危险的措施而提出来的。GUARDINGQ To prevent fingers entering the danger zone, have one or more of the following measures为了防止手指进入危险区域，采取了下面的一个或多个措施：(listed in priority order) been taken?1. Fixed guards that prevent access to any dangerous parts.防止造成任何危险的固定防护。2. Interlocking联锁 guards防护 that prevent the press blade descending unless the guard is closed. 防护关闭后，防止叶片下降的联锁防护。3. Non-contact guards, eg. light guards, to prevent the press operating if someone is in the danger zone. Note: Generally non- contact guards may ONLY be fitted to hydraulic 水力的brake presses.非接触性的防护，例如灯，如果有人在危险区域，可以阻止压弯机的操作。注意：一般的非接触性的防护也许仅仅适合于水力发动的压弯机。Light guards are NOT compulsory强制性的. Fixed guards and fences are cheaper, and can be equally effective.轻型的防护不是强制性的，固定的防护和栅栏较便宜，也会同样有效。Sometimes it may be necessary for the operators hands to be close to the blade while thebrake press is in operation. This is permitted only where it cannot be avoided due to the type of work being done, and if one of the following operating modes are used:HIGH SPEED OPERATION - OPTION A 高速运作-选择AThe front of a brake press must be guarded. Both contact and non-contact guards must comply with Australian Standard 1219 - 1988 Power presses - Safety requirements and Interim Australian Standard 4024 - 1992 Safeguarding of Machinery. 压弯机的前部必须要防护，接触性的和非接触性的防护必须依照澳大利亚的动力压弯机标准1219-1988规定的安全需求，以及临时的澳大利亚标准4024-1992规定的机械安全防护要求。A non-contact guard should be set to exclude the operator from the trapping space. Pulsemode should ONLY be used for:应该使用非接触性的防护装置，不包括受陷空间中的操作员，脉冲模式的压弯机应该仅仅用于： moving the blade after accidental triggering of the light guard under specialcircumstances where there is no other way of avoiding working within thelight guard.在特殊情况下，没有其他方法可以避免在灯防护的环境下工作，在意外的启动灯防护后，移动叶片。Every effort should be made to employ a safe system of work which does not rely on the pulse mode脉冲模.每一次的努力都应该实现不依赖脉冲模式的安全工作系统。IF the brake press is operated in pulse mode, ALL of the following must apply:如果压弯机是脉冲模式操作的，所有下面的都必须应用： the blade descends in steps of 10 mm or less, and叶片下降的距离为10mm或少于10mm. each step requires the operator to activate the foot pedal, and每一步都需要操作员启动脚踏板。 the blade stops not less than 6 mm, nor more than 7 mm, above the workpiece before the closing movement, and停止运动前，叶片在工作部件上部不少于6mm,也不多于7mm的位置停下。 there is a delay of at least 0.3 seconds between each step.每一步之间至少有不少于0.3秒的停留。HIGH SPEED OPERATION - OPTION B 高速运作-选择BThe brake press is ALWAYS operated with the maximum opening between the blade and press block being 6 mm or less. This is considered too small an opening to be a nip point.压弯机总是在有最大开口的情况下操作，叶片和下压部件之间的距离为6mm或更少时，这样的距离太小而不能作为SLOW SPEED OPERATION - OPTION C 低速运作-选择CThe press is operated so that:操作压弯机，以使： the descent (or approach) speed of the blade is virtually constant over thefinal 50 mm and does not exceed 10 mm/second, and叶片下降（或靠近）的速度事实上经常超过50mm pressure has to be maintained on the deadman foot pedal to keep the bladedescending, and脚踏板的地锚上必须保持压力，保持叶片的下降。 the blade stops not less than 6 mm, nor more than 7 mm, above the workpiece before the closing movement can be made. 停止运动前，叶片与工作部件上部的距离不少于6mm,也不多于7mm的位置停下。Regardless of the mode of operation selected, the sides and rear of the brake press mustALWAYS be guarded or fenced.不管选择哪种操作模式，压弯机的侧面和后方必须总是防护或用围栏。SAFE WORK PROCEDURES安全工作程序Q Has a safe system of work for operating each brake press been documented and displayed on the machine?操作每一台压弯机的工作安全系统文件化并显示在机器上了吗？Q When a light guard is in pulse mode, ie. the sensing device is switched off because the operator is working close to the blade, is there some indication that it is in pulse mode, such as a flashing light or buzzer?当轻型防护是脉冲形式时，如因为操作员在机床叶片附近工作，关掉了感应装置，有例如闪光灯或蜂鸣器之类的装置表明该轻型防护是脉冲形式的吗？Q Where more than one person is operating a brake press, or brake presses are working in tandem协力的, does each person have an interlocked foot pedal to activate the descent of the blade? Injuries happen if each operator does not have control over the movement of the blade. This applies to all brake presses regardless of what type of guard they have. The foot pedals must be electrically connected so that the blade(s) does not descend unless all operators have activated their foot pedal.不止一个人在操作压弯机，或者压弯机在协同运作时，每一个人都有用来起动下压叶片的相连的脚踏板吗？如果每一个操作员没有对叶片下降的控制，伤害会发生。不管压弯机使用了什么类型的防护，这点适用于所有的压弯机。除非所有的操作员已经启动了脚踏板，所有脚踏板必须通电，使其连接，叶片才不会压下。Q With a segmented blade, are the minimum number of segments used to carry out the work,to prevent unnecessary trapping space?分段叶片是进行工作，阻止不必要的受陷空间产生的最小数量的叶片吗？Q Is there a safe work procedure for tool setting?工具的安装有安全工作程序吗？Tool setting is potentially the most dangerous operation which can be performed on a press.工具的安装是压弯机上进行的潜在的最危险的操作。Only trained and authorised people should carry out this work. Safe work procedures should be drawn up and clearly understood by all people concerned.只有受过培训、经授权人应该进行此项工作，应该制定安全工作程序，并且所有相关人员都清楚地理解。Q Do safe work procedures ensure that when changing the blade or top tool of a brake press,the following ALWAYS happen?在改变叶片或压弯机的上部工具时，下面的情况总会发生，安全工作程序可以确保安全吗？ the machine is switched off and the isolation or tag out system is followed机器关掉，执行了隔离或挂牌系统。 if the blade or top tool is heavy, some form of mechanical handling device isused to prevent strain injury如果叶片或上部工具较重，使用一些形式的机械操作工具，防止拉伤。 all guards are in place before a trial stroke is made.试验性的压制进行前，所有的防护都安装好了吗？Q Do safe work procedures ensure that when lifting, lowering or turning the block or bottom tool of a brake press, the following ALWAYS happen?提升、放低、转动压制物体或压弯机的底部工具时，下面的情况总会发生，安全工作程序可以保证安全吗？ the block is disconnected from the bed of the brake press before lifting提升前，物体从压弯机的机床上卸下。 the lifting hooks are located properly at each end of the block提升的挂钩适当地挂在物体的两端。 any alignment (including rough alignment), shimming or bolting is donewith the machine electrically isolated and the machine tagged out机器从电源上隔离，并挂牌，才能进行调试（包括粗略的调试）、垫片调整或上螺栓。 during lifting and lowering, the block is NEVER steadied by hand - this hasresulted in serious injury in the past提升、放低时，决不要将物体抓在手里-这在过去曾经造成了严重的伤害。 even when the machine is electrically isolated, a wooden block (at least 50mm thick) is placed between the top and bottom tool to prevent unwanted closure of the blade.即使机器从电源上隔离，也要在上下工具之间放一块至少50mm厚的木块，防止叶片意外的合上。Many brake press injuries are due to failure to set the mute switch correctly after tool setting.许多的压弯机的伤害是因为工具设置后，消音开关没有正确设置造成的。It should be set to operate when the top tool is 6 mm or less above the workpiece.上部工具与工作部件距离为6mm或少于6mm时，INSTRUCTION, TRAINING AND SUPERVISION指示、培训和监督Lack of training is a common cause of injury to brake press operators. Many have beenseriously injured within the first days, or even hours, of starting work on an unfamiliar brake press.缺乏培训是导致压弯机操作人员受到伤害的普遍原因,许多的操作人员因为在不熟悉的压弯机上开始工作,结果在工作的第一天,甚至几个小时内就受到了严重的伤害。No person should be permitted to operate a brake press unless properly trained.任何人未得到适当的培训，都不得批准操作压弯机Q Have manufacturers and suppliers provided adequate information on the safe operation and maintenance of the machinery?制造商和供应商提供了足够的关于机械的安全操作和维修的信息了吗？Q Have all operators been provided with clear instructions on the safe operation of the brake press from start up to close down, including all possible sequences of control and operation?从压弯机的“起动”到“关闭”，包括所有的控制和操作可能造成的后果，给所有的操作人员都提供了有关安全操作的明确指令了吗？Q Have operators been instructed in the hazards of the machines they operate?向操作人员说明了在他们操作的机械上存在的危险吗？Make sure that each operator understands and can DEMONSTRATE the safe operation of the brake press.保证每一个操作员理解并能进行压弯机的安全操作。Q Are all operators instructed:所有操作人员都受到了以下指示吗？ about the types of fault likely to arise?关于可能发生的错误类型。 to immediately inform the person in charge if any faults or defects arise?如果出现任何错误或故障，立即通知负责人。 of the dangers in attempting to correct any faults themselves?试图改变错误时，可能引起的危险。Clear instructions must be given that guards or safety devices are not to be removed or altered in any way, and the setting up of light guards must be done only by a competent person.对要移走或在任何方面有所改变的防护和安全装置，都要给出明确的指令，轻型防护的安装必须由称职的人做。Q Is the operators knowledge on the use of the brake press and the precautions to be taken regularly assessed?对操作人员掌握的关于压弯机的使用和预防知识定期评估了吗？Q Are trainee operators supervised by somebody familiar with operating brake presses?熟悉压弯机操作的人对接受培训的操作员进行监督了吗？Q In the event of a person being trapped between the blade and press block, are all operators trained to release the trapped operator without further injury?一旦有人卷入叶片和下压装置中，为了使卷入人员免受进一步的伤害，所有的操作人员都接受培训了吗？Emergency procedures will differ from machine to machine. The following are general points only:一台机械与另一台机械的应急程序会不同，下面仅仅是一些要点： DO NOT press the foot pedal as this may complete the stroke and amputatethe operators fingers.不要压脚踏板，因为这会加重挤压，会切断操作员的手指。 move the foot pedal to a safe position.将脚踏板移到一个安全的地方。 place wood blocks between the bed and the beam before isolating the electrical power.隔离电源前，在车床和横梁之间放置木块。 isolate the electrical power before attempting to release the trapped person.试图解救被卷入人员前，隔离电源。 irrespective of the trapp