英语专业四级非谓语动词(打印).doc

专四语法专题（非谓语动词）n 非谓语动词也称动词的非限定形式，它们不可以在句中单独作谓语，也不受主语的人称和数的限制。非谓语动词具有双重性质，既有动词的特点：有时态，语态的变化，能被状语修饰，也有自己的宾语；又有非动词的特点：可以代替名词或形容词。非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词三种。它们可以在句中充当除谓语以外的其他各种成分，即主语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。n 1、非谓语动词作主语n （1）不定式和动名词可以在句中充当主语，但分词却不可以。不定式一般表示具体或一次性动作，而动名词则表示一般或抽象的多次动作。 n _ is not a serious disadvantage in life. ( 2001, 51)A. To be not tallB. Not to be tallC. Being not tallD. Not being talln D【详解】非谓语动词在句中作了主语。非谓语动词的否定式，要直接在非谓语动词前加not，因此可以直接排除A和C。动名词和不定式都可以作句子主语，但动名词表示一贯性动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。个子不高是一贯的事实，应用动名词形式，所以D正确。n (2) 不定式和动名词都可以用it来代替作形式主语，但在含有no，-less等否定词的句子里，常用动名词作主语。如：n It is useless talking with her. n It is no good discussing with her.n (3) 如果主语和表语都是非谓语动词，两者应保持同样的形式，或同为不定式，或同为动名词。如：n To see is to believe. 眼见为实。n Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 (4) 不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时, 不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导： absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。如： Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy. Its clever of you to have invented such a device.n 2、非谓语动词作宾语n （1）不定式和动名词可以在句中充当宾语，但分词却不可以。n A. 有些动词后只能接动名词，如：abandon, acknowledge, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, admit, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, forgive, imagine, involve, justify, mention, mind, pardon, practice, postpone, recall，recollect，risk, resist, suggest, tolerate。如：n I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.n B. 有些动词后只能接不定式，如： afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, bother, claim, determine, desire, endeavor, expect, fail, guarantee, intend, long, plan, prepare, pretend, refuse, request, resolve, tend, venture, volunteer, etc.n C. 有些动词后既能接不定式又能接动名词，如：love, like, hate, begin, start, etc. 这时，二者的差别不大，主要在于：不定式一般表示具体或一次性动作，而动名词则表示一般或抽象的多次动作。如：n I like getting up early. 我喜欢早起。（一种生活习惯）n I hate to get up early tomorrow. 我讨厌明天要早起。（一次性的行为）n D. 有些动词后既能接不定式又能接动名词，如：remember, forget, stop, etc. 此时，二者的差别很大，需要加以区别。n E. 动名词复合结构可以做主语、宾语和表语，在对动名词的考查中总是将其逻辑主语包括进来，形成动名词的复合结构：n The girls being educated in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.n I would appreciate your keeping it a secret.Ann never dreams of _ for her to be sent abroad very soon.A. there being a chance B. there to be a chanceC. there be a chance D. being a chance介词后用动名词，表示存在时必须用there be句型，所以答案为A，这也是动名词复合结构，there为动名词的逻辑主语。n I dont mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late. n A. you to delay making B. your delaying makingn C. you delaying to make D. you delay to make n Mind要求接动名词, 动名词的逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词，答案自然是B。Whats the chance of _ a general election this year? (05, 61) 答案：AA. there being B. there to beC. there be D. there going to ben 3. 非谓语动词作状语n （1）不定式和分词都可以作状语，表示原因、时间、方式、伴随、让步、结果等。不定式常在句中作目的状语，而分词一般不具备这种功能；分词能表示时间或伴随情况，不定式却不能这样用。如：n He came to see me.n Singing a song, they came into the classroom.n (2) 当分词有了自己的逻辑主语，便构成了分词的独立结构，在句中作状语，表示时间、伴随、原因和条件等。分词独立主格结构只是句子的一个部分。如：n All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.n Darkness setting in, the young couple lingered on merrymaking.n Time permitting, we will have a meeting. 1.Agriculture is the countrys chief source of wealth, wheat _ by far the biggest cereal crop. (03, 51) 答案：DA. is B. been C. be D. being2. Time _, the celebration will be held as scheduled.（03, 58）答案：BA. permit B. permitting C. permitted D. permitsn 3. There _ nothing for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.(00, 55) 答案：CA. to be B. to have been C. being D. ben (3) 主语应与分词保持一致。n 主语应与分词保持一致，避免悬垂分词的出现。也就是要避免既不带自己的主语，又不以句子主语作自己的逻辑主语的分词短语。例如下面的句子就是错误的：n Hearing the terrible news, her eyes filled with tears.n 由于主语her eyes不能发出hearing的动作，所以本句是错误的。可以这样改：Hearing the terrible news, she burst into tears. 一听到这个可怕的消息，她就哭了起来。n （4）非谓语动词作主语和状语时，若要使用其否定形式，则需要将否定词放在整个非谓语动词结构之前。1. _, he can now only watch it on TV at home.(98, 45）答案：CA. Obtaining not a ticket for the matchB. Not obtaining a ticket for the matchC. Not having obtained a ticket for the matchD. Not obtained a ticket for the matchn 2. _ is not a serious disadvantage in life.(01, 61 ) 答案：DA. To be not tall B. Not to be tallC. Being not tall D. Not being talln (5)不定式做结果状语只能出现在句子的末尾，表示不愉快的结果，有时用only加强语气。n 常见的不定式动词有find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce等。如：n Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, only to find it locked.n The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, _ by the police each time.(99, 42)n A. had been captured n B. being always capturedn C. only to be capturedn D. unfortunately capturedn Cn 4. 不定式做主语补足语：n 掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句型。注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间，并采用相应形式。如：n be said / reported / thought / believed / known / supposed + to do sth.n 1. The Minister of France is believed _ of n imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.(04, 58）n A. that he is thinking B. to be thinkingn C. that he is to think D. to thinkn Bn 2. Professor Johnson is said _ some significant advance in his research in the past year.(99, 43)n A. having made B. makingn C. to have made D. to maken Cn 3. AIDS is said the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region. ( 02, 56)n A. being B. to be n C. to have been D. having beenn C非谓语动词的其他考点：n 1.不定式的习惯用法n 句型：cannot help but don cannot but don cannot choose but don can do nothing but don have no choice/alternative but to don 上述句型的意思接近，即“不得不做”、“不禁做”、“不由自主地做”、“不能不做”、“只能做”。如：Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction. When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift.n 2.动名词的习惯用法n 句型：be busy/active doing sth. n have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.n Its no good/use/picnic doing sth.n have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.n spend/waste time doing sth.n There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.n cannot help doing sth.n I know it isnt important but I cant help thinking about it.n Alice was having trouble controlling the children because there were so many of them.n There is no use crying over spilt milk.n 3.there be 非谓语动词的用法n (1)做宾语时取决于谓语动词的接续要求。如：n The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams. (expect要求接不定式做宾语)n (2)做除for外的介词宾语，用there being。如：n He would always ignore the fact of there being such a contradiction in his inner thought.n It is not uncommon for there problems of communication between the old and the young. (07, 63)n A. being B. would be C. be D. to ben D n 【详解】there be句型在介词for后使用时，用there to be这一结构；在介词of后面使用时，用there being这一结构。故选择D。 非谓语动词的体n 非谓语动词中，分词的体有完成体和进行体，即having done， having been done和being done，完成体只用于做状语的场合，而进行体可以用于做定语和做补足语。动名词的体也有having done， having been done和 being done的结构主要用于做主语和宾语的场合。不定式的体有to be doing 和to have donen The man in the corner confessed to _ a lie to the manager of the company.n A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having toldn D Id rather read than watch television; the programs seem _all the time.n A. to get worse B. to be getting worse n C. to have got worse D. getting worsen Bn The speech _, a lively discussion started.n A. being delivered B. was delivered n C. be delivered D. having been delivered该结构属于独立主格结构做时间状语，状语分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，所以应该用完成体，答案为D。n 1. _ at in his way, the situation doesnt seem so desperate. (07, 64)n A. Looki