主从复合句总复习.doc

【专题】主从复合句（状从、名从和定从）【考点分析】状语从句1.when, while, as引导时间状语从句的区别；2.名词词组the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作连词，引导的时间状语从句；3.before,和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型；4.till和until的用法；5.although, though, as以及even if, even though引导让步状语从句的用法；6.结果状语从句中“sothat”与“suchthat”的区别；7.条件状语从句unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing等引导词的用法；8.“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”引导从句的用法；9. in case引导的状语从句；10.where引导的状语从句；11.once引导的状语从句。12.与祈使句、定语从句、名词从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。名词从句1. that和what引导名词性从句的区别；2.名词从句的语序和时态；3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况；4.宾语从句的否定转移；5.whether和if的用法区别；6.what在名词性从句中的使用；7.doubt后的名词性从句的使用；8.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别；9.连接词that的省略；定语从句1.that与which引导的定语从句的区别；2.who、whom与whose引导的定语从句的区别；3.关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句的区别；4.对“as”引导定语从句的考查；5. suchas与suchthat的区别；the sameas与the samethat的区别；6.对“介词+关系代词”的考查；7.the way 作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用in which ,that 或者省略；8.含有插入语的定语从句；9.与并列句、状语从句、同位语从句以及与强调句型的混合考查。【知识点归纳】I.句子的种类复习主从复合句时，我们首先要对句子的种类有所了解，才能更深入地掌握主从复合句的知识。按用途分种 类类 型例 句陈述句肯定句We love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国。否定句They dont go to work on Sundays. 他们星期日不上班。疑问句一般疑问句Are you a worker? 你是个工人吗？Havent you seen the film? 你没看过这部电影吗？ 特殊疑问句Who is the man? 这人是谁？When do you watch TV? 你什么时间看电视？What are they doing now? 他们现在正在干什么？选择疑问句Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水还是要咖啡？哪种都行。Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 他学日语还是学法语？他学法语。反意疑问句They are going to the airport, arent they? 他们要去机场，是吗？You havent finished your homework, have you? 你没做完作业，是吗？祈使句肯定句Be sure to get there at eight. 务必八点钟到那儿。否定句Dont worry. Ill help you out. 别担心，我会帮助你的。感叹句what + 名词What great changes we have had these years! 这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊!What a fine day it is! 多好的天气呀!how + 形容词或副词How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀!How hard they are working! 他们工作多努力呀！how +句子How time flies! 时间过得多么快呀!How + adj.+a (an) + n.=What a(an)+adj.+nHow nice a boy (he is) !=What a nice boy (he is)! 多好的孩子啊!按结构分种类类型例 句简单句主+谓They disappeared. 他们消失了。主+谓+宾He likes swimming.他喜欢游泳。We help each other. 我们互相帮助。主+谓+间宾+直接宾I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。They sent us a telegram. 他们给我们拍了电报。主+谓+宾+宾补They named the boy Jack. 他们给孩子起名叫杰克。I want everything ready by eight oclock. 我要求一切都要在八点前准备好。主+系+表She is a university student. 她是一名大学生。He has become a pilot. 他已成为一名飞行员。并列句并列关系and, not onlybut also, neither nor, bothand, notbut,Eitheryoudoit,orIaskforsomebodyelsetodoit.要么你来做，要么我请其他人来做。NeitherTomnorJackhasfinishedthehomework.汤姆和杰克都没有完成作业。Notcouldnttheycompletethetask,butthetaskwastootough.不是他们完不成任务，而是任务太重了。转折关系but,while（而，尽管）nevertheless(然而；不过)Johnlikesplayingbasketball,buthedidntplayityesterday.约翰喜欢打篮球，但他昨天没打。选择关系or, otherwise or else, eitherorWe must hurry, or well miss the train. 我们必须快点，否则会赶不上火车。 Either you come to my place or I go to yours. 或者你到我这儿来，或者我到你那去。因果关系for, so, thus, therefore, and soWe had better stay at home, for it was raining. 我们最好呆在家里，因为天正在下雨。He didnt work hard, therefore he failed in the examination.他学习不努力，因此这次考试不及格。复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。从句有：名词性从句（主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句）状语从句定语从句定语从句： 表一分类指代引导词关系代词人who, whom, that, as事物which, that, as人或物（表所属关系）whose关系副词地点where时间when原因why表二 关系代词指代例句解释who人The man who helped you is Mr White.在定从中作主语whomThat is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.在定从中作宾语，可省略whoseHe is the father whose son studies very well in our class.在定从中作定语thatIm not the fool that you thought me to be.在定从中作表语asHe is such a lazy man as nobody wants to work with.在定从中作宾语that事物The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.在定从中作宾语whichA dictionary is a useful book which tells us the meaning of words在定从中作主语whoseHe lives in a room whose window faces south在定从中作定语asIt is such a big stone as nobody can lift.在定从中作宾语整句内容As is known to all, he is the best student.在定从中作主语表三 关系副词指代例句解释when时间Would you suggest a time when we can have a talk?在定从中作状语where地点The house where they live is not very large.在定从中作状语why原因This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.在定从中作状语主从复合句学习的四个关键 主从复合句是高中英语学习的一 个难点，也是一 个重点。如何学习主从复合句，我认为应从以下四个关键着手：一 ： 概念 主从复合句属于句子的种类，它包括简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句是由一 套主语和谓语构成；并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句并列构成，常用and ,but, so 等并列连词连接。复合句是由一 个主句和一 个或一 个以上的从句构成。主句是全句的主体，往往可以独立存在；而从句仅是句子的一 个成分，故不能独立存在，必须有一 个关联词引导。引导从句的关联词共有七类：1） 从属连词 ：有 whether ,when, although, because, if 等。I dont know if he will come.2) 疑问代词 ： who ,whom, whose, which ,what 等。I dont know what you mean .3) 疑问副词 ：when ,where ,how ,why等。I asked him where he was going to stay. 4） 关系代词：who, whom , whose, which, that what 等，主要引导定语从句。The young man who is standing there is my English teacher.5) 关系副词：when, where, why.也可以引导定语从句。That was the time when we stayed together.6) 复合连接代词：what ,whatever, whoever, whichever 等。You can do whatever you like.7) 复合连接副词：wherever, whenever, however 等。You can come whenever it is possible.特别强调：主从复合句必须有连接词。英语是形和而汉语是意和。如汉语可以说“你来我走”，中间没有连接词。如翻译成英语必须根据意义加上连接词if ，否则句子就错误。If you come , I will go.再如“有饭同吃”，也要加连接词：If there is any food , let us share it.如果一 个句子前面用了一 个逗号，逗号前面决不能是个句子，但可以由以下几个成分：1： 不定式 To get there in time , He got up early.2:现在分词 Hearing the good news, He jumped up and down.3：过去分词 Beaten by his father , He run away from home.4）：独立主格?结构There being no bus , We had to walk home.5)分号：United , We stand; divided ,We fall. 6)偶尔也有连接副词I had a drink ,then I went home.二：主从复合句的分类和比较名词从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）主从复合句 副词从句（状语从句） 形容词从句（定语从句）名词从句类型词性thatwhichwhatwhenwherehowwhywhetherif主语从句连词，不作句子成分，不可省，无意义作句子成分，不可省作句子成分，不可省不可省不可省不可省不可省不可省不用宾语从句连词，不作句子成分，不可省，无意义不可省不可省不可省不可省不可省不可省表语从句连词，不作句子成分，不可省，无意义作句子成分，不可省作句子成分，不可省不可省不可省不可省不可省不可省不用同位语从句连词，不作句子成分，可省，无意义作句子成分，不可省作句子成分，不可省不可省不可省不可省不可省不可省不用whatThat/whichWhen/where/how/whyWhether/if定语从句关系代词，主语（不可省）/宾语（可省）状语，不可省不用三：引导主从复合句的连接词的分类从形式上连接词可以分为四类：1。纯连词 A ：that，无实际意义，不翻译， 在宾语从句中只起连接作用，不做任何句子成分，可以省略；在主语从句、标语从句、同位语从句中只起连接作用，但一 般不省略 B ：whether和if 有意义，但只起连接作用，不做任何句子成分，可以翻译出来。但前者只有“是否”意义，后者既可表示“是否”又可表示“如果”。在宾语从句中可互换，在主语从句、标语从句、同位语从句中一 般用whether 不用 if .2.副词 包括 how 、when 、why、 where等，一 般在句子中作状语，不作主、谓、宾等主要成分。3。代词性质 A :that、 which 引导定语从句，必须作句子成分同时又引导句子，这是关键，多作主语和宾语 B;what薄冰教授称之为复合连接代词，相当于the thing(s)that。在主语从句中常翻译为 “.的”，在表语从句中常起三个作用即主语和表语的某个成分同时连接句子。这种作用是它独有的；类似的有whatever、 whoever 、whichever等C whose 在定语从句中也称为关系代词，但它作定语，这是与其它次的根本区别。四：学习主从复合句的意义主从复合句是结构复杂化的一 个方法，同时我们还可以借助于它表达比较复杂的内容。在书面表达里，尽可能的运用主从复合句既可以使我们的文章更有逻辑性又可以提高我们的档次，有可能多得分；在单项选择里可以做那些较为复杂的题，因为结构复杂化已经成为加大单项选择难度的一 种常用方法；在完型填空和阅读理解中有助于我们理解。【高考预测】1. _ is known to us all is that Shenzhou VII has launched for the first spacewalk successfully.A. That B. What C. It D. As2. Barack Obama delivered a speech to 500 local youths during his visit to China, many of _ were from Fudan University and Tongji University.A. them B. whom C. which D. those3.Most of us still wonder _ it is _ makes those honest peasant workers, without being paid at all, resign themselves to the bosses.A. what; that B. /; what C. that; what D. /; that4. Join us in the party tonight, would you? Sorry, Im afraid I cant, _ I _ the content of some reports with my boss.A. for; have discussed B. because; will be discussingC. before; discussed D. when; will have discussed5.Im going to New York for further studies next term.Congratulations! _ youre there, can you keep me e-mailed?A. As B. While C. Because D. If6. Probably no man had more effects on the daily lives of people in the United States _ Henry Ford _. A. as; was B. than; was C. than; did D. as; did7. There are a lot of students in the reading room, most of with their eyes on and their heads bent over their books.A.whom; fixing B.them; fixed C.whom; fixed D.them; fixing8. Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons cant be the only preparation for all of the situations _ appear in the working world.A. where B. when C. that D. what9. Faced with challenges, you should believe your courage is _ makes a difference.A. that B. what C. which D. whatever10. Do you have any idea of rugby? Abosolutely. It is a sport _ players hold the ball and run with it. A. which B.when C.why D.where11. What was it _ caused the modem nations to change their mind _ they should help to preserve the Romas history?A. /; why B. that; that C. that; / D. what; that12. We went to the Lincoln Memorial yesterday, , not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors from all over the world.A.where B.which C.that D.when13. It was the very place _ the soldiers fought over sixty years ago.A. that B. which C. where D. there14. Hardly _ when the bus suddenly pulled away.A. they had got to the bus stop B. they got to the bus stopC. did they get to the bus stop D. had they got to the bus stop15. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced_ tractors in 1998 as the year before.A. as many twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many D. twice as many as16. You can fly to UK this morning _ you dont mind changing planes in Hong Kong.A. because B. provided C. unless D. so far as17. Its the same in China-many people, _some are not overweight at all, are always going on diets or taking weight-loss pills, _ are often dangerous.A. whose; which B. of which; who C. of whom; which D. who; that18. Is _ 48 hours _ the man-made satellite _ is made in our country to orbit the planet around? A. it; that; where B. it; when; that C. it for; that it takes; that D. it; that it takes; which 19.Is _ 48 hours _ the man-made satellite _ is made in our country to orbit the planet around?A. it; that; where B. it; when; that C. it for; that it takes; that D. it; that it takes; which 20. _ occurred to me that the murder happened _ a rainy day. A. What; in B. What; on C. It; in D. It; on21. The old man has a son and two daughters, _ treating him well, _ makes him sad.A. none of them; which B. and none of whom; thatC. none of whom; which D. and none of them; that22. Many experts hold the view _ teachers development is _the key to better education lies.A. which; where B. which; what C. that; where D. that; which23. Was it in Disneyland, _ many cartoon characters can be seen, _ the film was set?A. that; where B. that; when C. in which; where D. where; that24. the world economy is in difficulty, we can see, the people of China are full of hope.A.As；/ B.Because；which C.Though；as D.With；/25.The reason_ being late for the meeting was_ his little son fell ill this morning. A. for, that B. why, that C. for, because D. why, because26._ she had time to realize what was happening, she was hit on the head.A. Since B. Before C. When D. Until27. What impresses me most is _ he appears in front of others, he wears a sincere and charming smile.A. what B. which C. that where D. that whenever28._ I failed in English a third time, I had no doubt about my gift for foreign languages.A. By the time B. Until C. After D. Unless29 In the past few years, “My Heart Will Go On” was a popular song among young people, _ were often heard singing it at parties.A. who B. which C. they D.that30.The question came up at the meeting _ we had enough money for our research. 高.A. whether B. that C. which D. what 高.考.资.源.网31.Faced with trouble or difficulty，a person takes help that is available.A.whatever B.whenever C.wherever D.however32._ you have expressed your determination , you should act immediately.A. Now that B. Even though C. In order that D. Until33.Youd better give the task to_ you think can finish it ahead of time.A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. no matter who34.Its a long time _I saw you last.Yes, and what a pity it is that it will be another year_ we see each other again.A. before;since B. since; when C.since;before D. when;before35.Japanese scientists said “Our dream is to create（clone）a mammoth（猛犸）， it is a big dream.”A. since B. because C. though D. however36.The disease outbreak had infected 65 people by last Monday, 19 have died.A. with which B. of whom C. for whom D. in which37._ a small number of Australians are bitten by spiders each year, most recover without any medical treatment.A. While B. Unless C. When D. Because38.Will you go to Marys birthday party?No. _ invited, I cant go. Ill be too busy then.A. If B. Unless C. Even if D. When39. annoyed him most was that he had received no apology.A.How B.Why C.What D.Which40.Do you think the weather will be all rig