初三英语专项复习(七)——状语从句、定语从句冀教版知识精.doc

用心 爱心 专心 115 号编辑 初三初三英语英语专项复习 七 专项复习 七 状语从句 定语从句状语从句 定语从句冀冀 教版教版 本讲教育信息本讲教育信息 一 教学内容 专项复习 七 状语从句 定语从句 二 重点内容讲解 状语从句 所谓状语从句 就是原来在句子中充当状语的短语部分现在由句子充当 即为状语从 句 它包括 时间 地点 原因 条件 结果 目的 比较 让步等 引导不同的状语从句的连接词也是不一样的 时间 when 当 时候 while 当 时候 before 在 之前 after 在 之后 since 自从 as soon as 一 就 until 直到 till 直到 as 当 时候 等 例如 I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking 妈妈做饭的时候 我在写作业 He didn t go to bed until his mother came back 直到妈妈回来他才去睡觉 I will tell you as soon as he comes back 他一回来我就告诉你 本句中 as soon as 也适用于条件状语从句的主将从现原则 具体的讲解见下面的条 件状语从句 地点 where 在哪 wherever 无论哪里 I will go with you wherever you go 你去哪我去哪 原因 because 因为 as 因为 for 因为 since 因为 I was late for school because I got up late 因为我起床晚了 所以迟到了 结果 so 所以 He didn t work hard so he missed the exam 他不努力学习所以考试不及格 目的 so that 为了 in order that 为了 I ran fast so that I can catch the early bus 我飞快地跑是为了赶上早班车 让步 though 虽然 although 尽管 even if 即使 even though 即使 though although 和 but 不能同时使用 They aren t happy though they have a lot of money 虽然很有钱 但是他们不快乐 条件 if 如果 If it rains tomorrow I will stay at home 如果明天下雨 我就待在家 条件状语从句的特点 主句用一般将来时 从句用一般 用心 爱心 专心 115 号编辑 现在时表示将来 简称主将从现主将从现 中考中对状语从句的考查 主要是时间状语从句和条件状语从句 一要选择合适的引 导词 主要是根据汉语意思 二要注意主从句中时态的问题 尤其是条件状语从句 定语从句 一 定义 在复合句中 修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句 被定语从句所修 饰的词叫先行词 定语从句必须放在先行词之后 引导定语从句的词叫关联词 如 二 关联词 常见的关联词 又叫引导词 有关系代词 that which who whom whose 和关系副词 where when why 等 三 种类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词 主句与从句不用逗号分开 从句不可省去 非限制性定语从 句主句与从句之间有逗号分开 起补充说明作用 如省去 意思仍完整 四 关系代词的用法 1 that 既可以用于指人 也可以用于指物 在从句中作主语或宾语 作主语时不可省略 作宾语时可省略 例如 Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐 that 作主语 The coat that I put on the desk is blue 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的 that 作宾语 2 which 用于指物 在句中作主语或宾语 作主语时不可省略 作宾语时可省略 例如 The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市 which 作主语 The film which we saw last night was wonderful 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看 which 作宾语 3 who whom 用于指人 who 用作主语 whom 用作宾语 在口语中 有时可用 who 代 替 whom 也可省略 例如 The girl who often helps me with my English is from England 经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人 who 作主语 Who is the teacher whom Li Ming is talking to 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁 whom 作宾语 注意 1 当定语从句中含有介词 介词放在句末时 who that which 可省略 但介 词在关系代词前时 只能用 介词 which whom 结构 例如 This is the house in which we lived last year 这是我们去年居住的房子 用心 爱心 专心 115 号编辑 Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel 请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说 2 含有介词的固定动词词组中 介词不可前置 只能放在原来的位置上 This is the person whom you are looking for 这就是你要找的那个人 3 that 作介词的宾语时 介词不能放它的前面 只能放在从句中动词的后面 The city that she lives in is very far away 她居住的城市非常远 4 关系词只能用 that 的情况 a 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰 或本身是序数词 基数词 形容词最高级 时 只能用 that 而不用 which He was the first person that passed the exam 他是第一个通过考试的人 b 被修饰的先行词为 all any much many everything anything none the one 等不定代词时 只能用 that 而不用 which Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗 c 先行词被 the only the very the same the last 等词修饰时 只能用 that 而不用 which 例 如 This is the same bike that I lost 这就是我丢的那辆自行车 d 先行词里同时含有人或物时 只能用 that 而不用 which I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room 我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片 五 关系副词的用法 1 when 指时间 其先行词表示时间 在句中作时间状语 例如 This was the time when he arrived 这是他到达的时间 2 where 指地点 其先行词表示地点 在句中作地点状语 例如 This is the place where he works 这是他工作的地点 3 why 指原因 其先行词是原因 起原因状语作用 例如 Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到 真题演练 I 单项选择 1 Do you know the man is talking with your father Yes he s our headmaster A heB whoC whichD whom 2 Is this the river I can swim A whichB in whichC thatD the one 3 This is the best hotel in the city I know A whereB whichC thatD it 用心 爱心 专心 115 号编辑 4 Can you lend me the dictionary the other day A that you boughtB you bought it C that you bought itD which you bought it 5 Anyone with what I said may put up your hands A which agreesB who agree C who agreesD which agree 6 My watch is not the only thing is missing A thatB itC whichD who 7 The man coat is black is waiting at the gate A who sB whoseC thatD of which 8 The girl is reading under the tree my sister A which isB whom wasC who isD who was 9 I love places the people are really friendly A thatB whichC whereD who 10 The world is made up of matter A in that we liveB on which we live C where we live inD we live in II 用适当的关系代词 that which who whom 填空 1 The first thing you must do is to have a meal 2 April 1st is the day is called April Fool s Day in the west 3 The house we live in is very old 4 Didn t you see the man I talked with just now 答案 I 1 5BBCAC6 10 ABCCD II 1 that2 which that 3 that which4 who whom that 模拟试题模拟试题 时间 时间 60 分钟 分钟 一 单项选择 指出能填入相应空白处的最佳答案 1 He s a basketball fan and he wants to see Yao Ming one day A heB himC hisD himself 2 Li Ming is a new student in our class He here for only a month A has comeB has beenC cameD was 3 May I go now No You let the teacher know first A needB mustC canD may 4 Usually before exams students two minutes to write down their names A are givenB were givenC gaveD give 5 I remember she came a fine spring afternoon A onB inC atD to 6 What do you think of the new movie It s good But the one we saw last month is even 用心 爱心 专心 115 号编辑 than it A goodB betterC bestD well 7 Several students came to the meeting A thousandB thousands C thousand ofD thousands of 8 This is a busy street We see buses all the time A came and wentB to come and go C come and goD comes and goes 9 How many English words you by the end of last term A have learnedB had learned C were learningD would learn 10 He is a nice person to A get on withB come up with C catch up withD look up in 11 Go and find out there will be a train for Shanghai today A thatB whetherC whenD where 12 The man is wearing a blue jacket is Jim s uncle A whoB whomC whichD 13 While she she cut herself A was cookingB cookedC had cookedD cooks 14 of the students in the class would like to go to school by bike in such terrible weather A AllB BothC NeitherD None 15 Our P E teacher us try very hard in the running practice of 800 meters A askedB madeC letD told 二 完形填空 阅读短文 指出能填入相应空白处的最佳答案 It was Monday Mrs Smith s dog was 1 but there was no meat in the house Thinking that there was no 2 way Mrs Smith took a piece of paper and wrote the following words on it Give my dog half a pound of meat Then she gave the paper to her dog and said 3 this to the butcher and he s going to give you your lunch today 4 the piece of paper in its mouth the dog ran to the butcher s shop It gave the paper to the butcher The butcher read it 5 and recognized 辨认 that it was 6 Mrs Smith s handwriting So he did 7 he was asked to The dog was very happy and ate the meat up at once At midday the dog came to the shop again It gave the butcher a piece of paper again After reading it he gave half a pound of meat 8 The next day the dog came again just at midday And as usual it brought a piece of paper in the mouth This time the butcher did not take a look at the paper and gave the dog 9 meat for he had regarded the dog as one of his customers But the dog came again at 4 00 p m And the same thing happened once again To the butcher s surprise it came for the third time at 6 00 p m The butcher felt puzzled He said to himself This is a small dog Why does Mrs Smith give it so much meat to eat today Looking 10 the piece of paper he found that there were no words there 用心 爱心 专心 115 号编辑 1 A hungryB thirstyC hotD ill 2 A anotherB otherC othersD the other 3 A TakeB BringC GetD Carry 4 A PickingB HavingC DroppingD Holding 5 A carefullyB quietlyC slowlyD clearly 6 A possiblyB reallyC exactlyD strongly 7 A whenB likeC asD after 8 A tooB alsoC againD either 9 A itsB hisC himselfD it 10 A atB forC intoD up 三 阅读理解 阅读理解下面的短文 然后按要求答题 A 根据表格内容 指出能完成所给句子的最佳答案 1 The art show will last A one dayB two days C three daysD four days 2 The students will have the school meeting in May A four timesB three timesC twiceD once 3 We can see that the students will have exams from to A May 1 May 5B May 10 May 12 C May 22 May 26D May 8 May 11 4 From the above chart 图表 we can see that there are two groups in this school A sportsB artC scienceD language 5 There will be ball matches in May A twoB threeC fourD five 用心 爱心 专心 115 号编辑 B When most people think of the Olympics they don t think of science But in the USA each year students take part in a kind of competition called the Science Olympiad It has a lot of different events Students go there to show how much they know about the science of music biology chemistry and others My best event is forestry 森林学 This time I went to the Olympiad with my school s team We had worked hard but this was the state competition It would be hard to win The Olympiad was out of town so we got to ride on a bus and stay in a hotel for a night The Olympiad was in three big rooms When we got there we set up our team s camp off to one side The big day had come at last First I went to watch the tower building competition That s when students build small towers and put heavy things on top of it They hope they can hold them up One of my schoolmates was putting things on her tower She was nervous and in the end it was too heavy for her tower to hold it it broke I felt bad for her After lunch I helped some teammates with their events One was geography and the other was history I don t know much about those things so I just watched my teammates do most of the work At last it was time for my favorite event forestry Another student was also in the forestry event The rules were easy We had to look at more than 40 different kinds of leaves and find out which plants they were from We also had to answer some questions about the uses of each leaf I knew almost all of the leaves and could answer most of the questions I had spent more than a month studying on the Internet to get ready At the end it was time for the awards 颁奖 I was nervous because the forestry awards were last We won second place in the whole state A nice man gave me a medal and smiled at me I had a great time at the Science Olympiad I can t wait for next year 根据短文内容 指出能完成所给句子的最佳答案 6 Which of the following is true A When people talk about Olympics they never think of the sports games B The writer got some help from others in getting ready for the competition C No o