高三状语从句).doc

状语从句一状语从句的定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。状语从句通常由一个连词引起，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引起，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。状语从句一般分为九大类时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 让步状语从句二状语从句的分类：1时间状语从句： 在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致，一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多，根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，又可分类如下：（1）表示同时性，即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。其连词有：when （当的时候）, while（当的时候）, as（当的时候）, once（一旦）as soon as（一就）, the time（当的时刻）, the moment（当的时刻）, by the time（到时候为止）, next time(下次), the first time(第一次的时候), the last time(上次的时候)，immediately（一就）, instantly（一就）,directly（一就）以下关联词引起的句子中，前面常用过去完成时，后面用一般过去时hardly /scarcelywhen（刚就）, no soonerthan（刚就） Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.（while含有对比的意思）As / When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine.Ill ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.Once you see him, you will never forget him. Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain. = We had hardly got into the country when it began to rain.No sooner had he come home than she started complaining. = He had no sooner come home than she started complaining.He made for the door directly he heard the knock. She rushed into the room immediately / the moment she heard the noiseHe left me a good impression the first time I met him.He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.He had hardly finished when someone rose to refute his points.She had scarcely fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her. as、when、while用法一览表类别作 用例 句asas表示“当的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。如果从句和主句要表示一个人的两个动作交替进行或同时完成时，则多用as，可译为“一边.，一边.”She came up as I was cooking.(同时)The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)He looked behind from to time as he went.As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer.when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。如果表示从句的动作在主句的动作“之前”或“之后”发生时，多用when（=after）, 不用as或while。此外，when还含有“at that moment”的意思（= and then），引起的句子不能放在句首，也不能用as, while来替换。It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went out.They had just arrived home when it began torain.whilewhile意思是“当的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。当主从句之间表示转折或对比关系时，多用while, 不用as或whenPlease dont talk so loud while others are working.He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁”)She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking about my daughter.（2）表示先时或后时，即主句的谓语动作发生在从句之前或之后。主要连词有：after（在之后，before（在之前）, when(=after)等。如：After / When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons. （从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前，所以从句用了过去完成时）He had learned English for three years before he went to London. 常用句型：It is/was/will be before 要过多久才It will be another five days before we finish this task. It isnt/ wasnt/wont be before 没有过多久就It was not long before I forgot it all. 我没有过多久就全忘了。He ran off before I could stop him.（主句和从句的动作几乎同时发生，时态一致）（3）表示习惯性、经常性，即从句描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。主要连词有every time（每次）, each time（每次）, whenever（每当）等。Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每当我们遇上困难的时候他们就来帮我们Each time he came to town he would visit our school.他每次进城，总要来看看我们的学校。Every time I went to his house, he was out.我每次去他家，他都出去了。(4）表示持续性或瞬间性主要连词有：since（自从）,ever since（自从）,until（直到才/为止,till（直到才/为止）常用句型: It is /wassince It is just a week since we arrived here.我们到这儿刚刚一星期。(主句的动作或状态持续时间较短，不能用ever since)You have been reading to me ever since James went out. 自从James走后你一直在给我朗读。(ever 放在since之前是用来表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长)The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged during the war and has been silent ever since.( ever since可以放在句末， since则不能)My uncle went to Tibet in 1951. He has been living there ever since.Things went well until / till one night an accident happened.事情一切正常直到一天晚上发生意外I knew nothing about it until / till he told me. 他告诉我了我才知道。until与till及 notuntil / till的用法until和till都可表示“直到为止”，与持续性动词的肯定式连用。如：He waited until / till we finished our meal.他一直等到我们吃完饭。当until和till表示“直到才”时，通常与短暂动词的否定式连用，这时，until和till也可用before代替。如：I didnt leave until / till / before she came back.直到她回来，我才离开的。be动词的肯定式和否定式都可以和until或till连用。until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。如：Until he told me, I knew nothing about it.他告诉我了我才知道。当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序：Not until she came back did I leave. = I didnt leave until she came back.在强调句型中一般用until，不用till。如：It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.2 地点状语从句地点状语从句是由where（在的地方）, wherever（无论哪里）引导的：Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(这里where引导的从句不是定语从句)He would keep in touch with us wherever he was.他无论在什么地方，总是与我们保持联系。3 原因状语从句表示原因的状语从句可以由as（由于）,because(因为), since（既然）,now (that) (既然), for (由于)considering that（顾及到）, seeing that（由于）等连词引导：I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢我才干。(because不能与 so连用)He couldnt have seen me, because I was not there.他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在那儿。Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.Now that/Since you are all here, lets try and reach a decision.As she was ill, she didnt come to the party.Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.because, as, for , since 的区别类别用法例句becausebecause语气最强表示不知道的原因时用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此because从句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。下列情况下只能使用because:在回答why的问句时；在用于强调句型时；被not所否定时。You want to know why Im leaving? Im leaving because Im full.forfor的语气不及because, since, as强，为并列连词，引导的分句常放在主句之后，从句前通常用逗号，表示说话者为所做的推断和预测提供理由，或对前一分句进行补充和解释。如果不是因果关系，而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时，只能用for。Its morning now, for the birds are singing.（很显然，鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因。）as/since表示已经知道的原因时用as或since,即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它们通常被置于语句之前，但有时却相反。Seeing all of the children already seated, he said,“Since everyone is here, lets start.”4 目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的主要连词有: so that（以便）, in order that（为了）, for fear that（以便）,目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词can, could, may, might, should连用Lets take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.我们坐前排吧，这样我们看得更清楚些。School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。5 结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so that（从句中不带情态动词）, sothat(如此以致),suchthat(如此以致)等。What has happened that you all look so excited? 发生了什么事，使你们都显得如此兴奋？He didnt plan his time well, so that/so he didnt finish the work in time.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. 我们走得匆忙，把门都忘了锁了。The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.这村子太小，所以这地图上没有。Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much = Jenny is so clever a girl that all the teachers like her very much注意：so + 形容词/副词 + that从句；such +名词 + that从句。但是，当名词前有many, much, few, little(少)修饰时，要用so,不能用such。I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.I had so little money then that I couldnt afford a little present.6 条件状语从句表示条件的状语从句可以由if（如果）,unless（除非）, in case（万一）, so /as long as（只要）, as/ so far as（就而言）, on condition that（条件是）suppose（假设）supposing（假设）（仅用在问句中）等词或词组引导。一般情况下当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。As/So long as we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty.Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.If you leave at 6 oclock tomorrow morning, youd better get to bed now.Well let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.据我所知，他是一个DNA专家。Hell accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.Suppose/Supposing we cant get enough food, what shall we do?7 方式状语从句方式状语从句常由as（与一样）, as if（仿佛）, as though（仿佛）等词引导：Do in Rome as the Romans do.入乡随俗。Leave things as they are.让一切顺其自然。She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.她站在门口，仿佛在等人似的。（由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气）8 比较状语从句比较状语从句常由than（比）, as（与一样）等词引导：It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.上海下的雨比北京的多。Our country is as big as the whole of Europe.我们的国家同整个欧洲一样大。The result was not as/so good as I had expected.结果不如我预料的那么好。常见句型：the +比较级，the +比较级The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙越开心。9 让步状语从句让步状语从句由although（尽管）, though（尽管）, however（无论怎样）,whatever（无论什么）, whoever（无论谁）, whomever（无论谁）, whichever（无论哪个）,whenever（无论何时）, wherever（无论哪里）, whether（是否）, no matter (who, what, where, when) （无论）, even if（即使）, even though（即使）等词引导。We wont be discouraged even if(=even though) we fail ten times.It was an exciting game, though / although no goals were scored.(though, although不能与 but连用)Whether you believe it or not, its true.However (=No matter how) expensive it may be, Ill take it.Dont let them in, whoever(=no matter who) they are.No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks Im wrong.连词as也可以引导让步状语从句，但从句中要用特殊语序。如：Young as he is, he knows a lot=Though he is young 或Young though he is, he.他虽然年轻，但懂得很多。(though 也有这种用法，可以替换as,但although没有这种用法)though还可以用作副词，放在句末。如：It was hard work;