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搅拌机料桶注塑模具设计及其动画演示【答辩通过】

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关键词：: 搅拌机注塑模具设计及其动画演示

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摘要

塑料模具作为塑料工业的基础，随着市场经济的飞速发展受到了极大的挑战。汽车的内饰件、灯具反光镜等塑制品的复杂外形，而钟表、DVD光驱用传动齿轮等塑制件又有很高的精度要求。很短的制模周期、相当的寿命是模具制造的又一重要指标，例如有的只需几十、几百模次（可用简易快速制模法），有的如制瓶用吹塑模却需要上千万模次，制造周期要求越来越短。各种特殊的成型方式的出现等等，都要求塑料模具技术有相应的提高。而计算机技术的飞速发展，适时的给模具技术配上了腾飞的翅膀，彻底改变了手工作坊式的模具设计和制作。在模具设计中广泛的运用CAD（计算机辅助设计），不但抛弃了沿用上百年的图板，而且由于计算机的快速运算和大容量的内存，使得复杂曲面的生成、快速的作图以及丰富制模技术经验的综合、推广成为可能，不少CAD软件已具有某些智能化的功能。例如，有些CAD软件可以运用人机对话的形式，输入塑料制品的某些外形特征（外形主要尺寸、分型面位置、抽心位置、脱模方向等）即可以画出模具总图。

模具技术是一种综合型技术，要求从事模具技术工作者，密切注意和学习相关知识，并运用到实际工作中为模具行业的发展而努力。

关键词：塑料模具；精度；模具技术；外形特征；成型方式

ABSTRACT

Plastic mould plastics industry as a base, with the rapid development of the market economy is a great challenge. Cars neishi pieces, plastic products as the reflector lamps and lanterns complex shape, and clocks, DVD player with gear, etc SuZhi pieces and has high accuracy. The molding cycle is short, the life is quite mould manufacturing another important indexes, such as some need dozens, hundreds of mould times (or simple rapid method), some with blow mould as bottle to millions of mould manufacturing cycle times, shorter requirements. Various special molding method of plastic mold, etc., have corresponding technical requirements. And the rapid development of computer technology, timely to mould technology with a pair of wings, thoroughly changed the manual mill of mold design and manufacture. In the mold design of extensive use of computer aided design (CAD), not abandoned used hundreds of years, and because the computer drawing and high-capacity fast operation, the memory of the complex curved surface, fast drawing and rich technical experience of comprehensive, making it possible, many CAD software has some intelligent function. For example, some CAD software can use the man-machine dialogue forms, some of the input plastics contour features (major outline dimensions、parting surface location,、ocation、parting)direction of heart that can draw mould layout.

Mould technology is a comprehensive technical requirements, technical workers engaged in mould, pay close attention to the learning and knowledge, and applied to practical work for mould industry development and efforts.

Keywords：Plastic Mould；Precision；Mould；Technology；Shape Characteristics；The Shaping Method

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内容简介：: 毕业设计（论文）过程管理材料题目搅拌机料桶注塑模具学生姓名唐滨系部名称机电工程学院专业班级机械设计制造及其自动化 06-2 班指导教师付彦虹职称讲师教研室机械制造及其自动化系起止时间 2010.3.1 6.20 教务处制nts 毕业设计（论文）题目审定表指导教师姓名付彦虹职称讲师从事专业机械设计制造及其自动化是否外聘是否题目名称搅拌机料桶注塑模具设计及动画演示课题适用专业机械设计制造及其自动化课题类型 X 课题简介：（主要内容、意义、现有条件、预期成果及表现形式。）一、主要内容：塑料粒子从注塑机料筒里进入，经高温熔融，再通过里面的螺旋管高压经过喷嘴进入到注塑模，再经过在注塑模里一段时间的保压，冷却，然后模具开启，塑件顶出。二、意义：塑料注射模具是现在所有塑料模具中使用最广的模具，能够成型复杂的高精度的塑料制品。塑料模具作为塑料工业的基础，随着市场经济的飞速发展受到了极大的挑战。汽车的内饰件、灯具反光镜等塑制品的复杂外形，而钟表、 DVD 光驱用传动齿轮等塑制件又有很高的精度要求。很短的制模周期、相当的寿命是模具制造的又一重要指标，在模具设计中广泛的运用 CAD（计算机辅助设计），不但抛弃了沿用上百年的图板，而且由于计算机的快速运算和大容量的内存，使得复杂曲面的生成、快速的作图以及丰富制模技术经验的综合、推广成为可能，不少 CAD 软件已具有某些智能化的功能。三、现有条件：目前国内有多家生产企业，深入生产实际，进行调查研究，吸取国内外先进技术，制定出合理的设计方案，在进行具体设计。可通过查找相关资料，进行对比分析，确定最佳方案。四、预期成果及表现形式：对机械结构和工作原理进行分析计算，提交装配图、零件图、设计说明书。指导教师签字：年月日教研室意见 1 选题与专业培养目标的符合度好较好一般较差 2 对学生能力培养及全面训练的程度好较好一般较差 3 选题与生产、科研、实验室建设等实际的结合程度好较好一般较差 4 论文选题的理论意义或实际价值好较好一般较差 5 课题预计工作量较大适中较小 6 课题预计难易程度较难一般较易教研室主任签字：年月日系（部）教学指导委员会意见：负责人签字：年月日注：课题类型填写 W.科研项目； X.生产（社会）实际； Y.实验室建设； Z.其它。 SY-025-BY-1 nts 毕业设计（论文）任务书学生姓名唐滨系部机电工程学院专业、班级机械设计制造及其自动化 B06-2 班指导教师姓名付彦虹职称讲师从事专业机械设计是否外聘是否题目名称搅拌机料桶注塑模具设计及动画演示一、设计（论文）目的、意义塑料模具作为塑料工业的基础，随着市场经济的飞速发展受到了极大的挑战。汽车的内饰件、灯具反光镜等塑制品的复杂外形，而钟表、 DVD 光驱用传动齿轮等塑制件又有很高的精度要求。很短的制模周期、相当的寿命是模具制造的又一重要指标，例如有的只需几十、几百模次（可用简易快速制模法），有的如制瓶用吹塑模却需要上千万模次，制造周期要求越来越短。各种特殊的成型方式的出现等等，都要求塑料模具技术有相应的提高。而计算机技术的飞速发展，适时的给模具技术配上了腾飞的翅膀，彻底改变了手工作坊式的模具设计和制作。二、设计（论文）内容、技术要求（研究方法）设计内容： 1、设计的主要内容： 1) 整体设计方案的确定 2) 基本条件及参数计算 3) 注塑模具的设计 4) 注射机组成结构校核 2、技术要求：聚乙烯，其熔体具有流动性好，但塑件形状复杂、精度要求一般，所需注射压力通常为 70100MP。对模具的要求有较强的耐磨性以外，还要有较高的强度，在加工某些材料时，还要求有较好的热应性或耐蚀性。 SY-025-BY-2 nts 三、设计（论文）完成后应提交的成果（一）、计算说明部分 : 总体机构尺寸的设计，主要模具零件的设计计算，标准元件的选用分析。设计说明书一份。（二）、图纸部分：总装配图 A0 图纸 1 张；零件图 7 张； Proe 注塑模具动画演示 1 份。四、设计（论文）进度安排 2010.3.12010.3.21：调研，查阅资料，提交开题报告。 2010.3.222010.4.4：完成注射机的设计。 2010.4.52010.5.18：完成各功能部件结构设计及典型零件的设计计算与校核。 2010.5.192010.6.8：绘制工程图纸，编写设计说明书。 2010.6.92010.6.20：提交图纸，设计说明书，审图及修改；毕业答辩。五、主要参考资料 1 朱光力，万金保等 . 塑料模具设计 M. 北京：清华大学出版社， 2003 2 李大鑫 ,张秀棉 . 模具技术现状与发展趋势综述 J.天津 : 天津大学国家大学科技园，2005 3 李海梅，申长雨 . 注塑成型及模具设计实用技术 J. 北京：化学工业出版社，2005 4 魏尊杰，李天晓，安阁英，叶荣茂 . 消失模铸造气隙尺寸及压力数值计算 J哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学学报 , 1995 5 郑洪亮 . 基于宏微观模型的球墨铸铁凝固过程数值模拟 D山东：山东大学 , 2007 6 于华 .注射模具设计技术及实例 J.北京：机械工业出版社， 2004 7 孙玉芹，孟兆新 . 机械精度设计基础 M.北京：科学出版社， 2004 8 大连理工大学工程画教研室 .机械制图 M.北京：高等教育出版社， 2002 9 骆志斌 .模具工实用技术手册 M.江苏：江苏科学技术出版社， 2004 10 林清安 . Pro/ENGINEER 零件组合 M. 北京：北京大学出版社， 2000 11 夏琴香 .冲压成形工艺及模具设计 M.广州：华南理工大学出版社， 2004 12 Richard F. Ferraro. A Tutorial Guide to The Pro/ENGINEER Student CollectionM. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. 1998 13 lastics Engineering Handbook.3rd edJ. The Society of The Plastics Industry Inc,1998 14 Theberge J. Injection Molding IM Alternative Produce Performance AdvantagesJ. Plastics Engineering, 1991(2):27 31 六、备注指导教师签字：年月日教研室主任签字：年月日 nts 毕业设计（论文）开题报告学生姓名唐滨系部机电工程学院专业、班级机械设计制造及其自动化 B06-2 班指导教师姓名付彦虹职称讲师从事专业机械设计是否外聘是否题目名称搅拌机料桶注塑模具设计及其动画演示一、课题研究现状、选题目的和意义 1、研究现状：在模具设计中广泛的运用 CAD（计算机辅助设计），不但抛弃了沿用上百年的图板，而且由于计算机的快速运算和大容量的内存，使得复杂曲面的生成、快速的作图以及丰富制模技术经验的综合、推广成为可能，不少 CAD 软件已具有某些智能化的功能。塑料模自身的成型技术也在不断得到发展。例如高速高精度挤塑工艺及模具、高速吹塑成型工艺及模具、注压成型工艺及模具、模内反应成型工艺和模具、多色注塑成型模、气体辅助注塑成型工艺和模具等等。模具技术是一种综合型技术，要求从事模具技术工作者，密切注意和学习相关知识，并运用到实际工作中为模具行业的发展而努力。 2、选题目的和意义：塑料模具作为塑料工业的基础，随着市场经济的飞速发展受到了极大的挑战。汽车的内饰件、灯具反光镜等塑制品的复杂外形，而钟表、 DVD 光驱用传动齿轮等塑制件又有很高的精度要求。很短的制模周期、相当的寿命是模具制造的又一重要指标，例如有的只需几十、几百模次（可用简易快速制模法），有的如制瓶用吹塑模却需要上千万模次，制造周期要求越来越短。各种特殊的成型方式的出现等等，都要求塑料模具技术有相应的提高。而计算机技术的飞速发展，适时的给模具技术配上了腾飞的翅膀，彻底改变了手工作坊式的模具设计和制作。二、设计（论文）的基本内容、拟解决的主要问题本次设计的基本内容如下： 1) 整体设计方案的确定 2) 基本条件及参数计算 3) 注塑模具的结构设计和个零部件的结构校核 4) 注塑模具总装配图和零件图拟解决的主要问题：搅拌机料桶是一种日常生活用品，因此对本塑料件的精度要求不是太高，精度为 IT8 IT9 即可。但必须要有一定的强度和刚度，而且要有较长的寿命，能够耐用。此塑料件的强度和刚度是通过增加加强筋来实现的。此外，由于是日常生活用品，外形设计要符合人们的视觉习惯，要有较美的外形。对于其它没有特别的要求。 SY-025-BY-3 nts 三、技术路线（研究方法） 1) 清楚设计参数，明确设计内容； 2) 查阅与本题有关的中外文文献资料并综合分析； 3) 设计方案合理，有一定的创新点； 4) 设计步骤清晰，计算结果正确； 5) 设计制图符合国家标准； 6) 论文格式符合要求，语言流畅、简练，字迹工整。四、进度安排 2010.3.12010.3.21：调研，查阅资料，提交开题报告。 2010.3.222010.4.4：完成模具的设计。 2010.4.52010.5.18：完成各功能部件结构设计及典型零件的设计计算与校核。 2010.5.192010.6.8：绘制工程图纸，编写设计说明书。 2010.6.92010.6.20：提交图纸，设计说明书，审图及修改；毕业答辩。五、主要参考资料 1 朱光力，万金保等 . 塑料模具设计 M. 北京：清华大学出版社， 2003 2 李大鑫 ,张秀棉 . 模具技术现状与发展趋势综述 J.天津 : 天津大学国家大学科技园， 2005 3 李海梅，申长雨 . 注塑成型及模具设计实用技术 J. 北京：化学工业出版社， 2005 4 魏尊杰，李天晓，安阁英，叶荣茂 . 消失模铸造气隙尺寸及压力数值计算 J哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学学报 , 1995 5 郑洪亮 . 基于宏微观模型的球墨铸铁凝固过程数值模拟 D山东：山东大学 , 2007 6 于华 .注射模具设计技术及实例 J.北京：机械工业出版社， 2004 7 孙玉芹，孟兆新 . 机械精度设计基础 M.北京：科学出版社， 2004 8 大连理工大学工程画教研室 .机械制图 M.北京：高等教育出版社， 2002 9 骆志斌 .模具工实用技术手册 M.江苏：江苏科学技术出版社， 2004 10 林清安 . Pro/ENGINEER 零件组合 M. 北京：北京大学出版社， 2000 11 夏琴香 .冲压成形工艺及模具设计 M.广州：华南理工大学出版社， 2004 12 Richard F. Ferraro. A Tutorial Guide to The Pro/ENGINEER Student CollectionM. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. 1998 13 lastics Engineering Handbook.3rd edJ. The Society of The Plastics Industry Inc,1998 14 Theberge J. Injection Molding IM Alternative Produce Performance AdvantagesJ. Plastics Engineering, 1991(2):27 31 六、备注指导教师意见：签字：年月日 nts 毕业设计（论文）中期检查表填表日期年月日迄今已进行周剩余周学生姓名系部专业、班级指导教师姓名职称从事专业是否外聘是否题目名称学生填写毕业设计（论文）工作进度已完成主要内容待完成主要内容 1 存在问题及努力方向学生签字：指导教师意见指导教师签字：年月日教研室意见教研室主任签字：年月日 nts 英文文献 Mould design OVERVIEW While discussing the differences among engineers, scientists, and mathematicians in Chapter 1, we saw that the word engineering is related to both ingenious and devise .Creative design lies at the center of the mechanical engineering profession, and an engineers ultimate goal is to produce new hardware that solves one of societys technical problems. Beginning either from a blank sheet of paper or from existing hardware that is being modified, the product development process often forms the focus of an engineers activities. In keeping with their professions title, many engineers truly are ingenious, and they possess the vision and skill to make such lasting contributions as those described in the top ten list of Section 1.3 Formal education in engineering is not a prerequisite to having a good for a new or improved product. Your interest in studying mechanical engineering, in fact, may have been sparked by your own ideas for building hardware. The elements of mechanical engineering that we have examined up to this point-machine components and tools, forces in structures and fluids, materials and stresses, thermal and energy systems, and the motion of machinery-are intended to have set a foundation that will enable you to approach mechanical design in a more effective and systematic manner .IN that respect, approach the taken in this textbook is a condensed analog of the traditional engineering curriculum: Approximation, mathematics, and science are applied to design problems in order to increase performance and reduce trial and error. By applying the resources of Chapter2-7, you can select certain machine components and perform back-of-the-envelope calculation to guide design decisions. Such analyses are not made for their sake alone; rather, they enable you to design better and fast. Effective mechanical design is a broad area, and the creative and technical processes behind it cannot be set forth fully in one chapter-or even one textbook for that matter. Indeed, with this material as a starting point, you should continue to develop hands-on experience and design skills throughout your entire professional career. Even the most seasoned grapples with the procedure for transforming an idea into manufactured hardware that can be sold at a reasonable cost. After first discussing the hierarchy of steps that engineers take when they transform a new idea into nts reality, we explore the subject of mechanical design through three case studies in the fields of conceptual design, computer-aided design, and detailed machine design. We will also discuss mechanical design from a business perspective and describe how patents protect newly developed technology. After completing this chapter, you should be able to: 1) Outline the major steps and iteration in points in the high-level mechanical design procedure. 2) Give an example of the processes for brainstorming and for identifying the advantages and disadvantages of various design options 3) Understand the role played by computer-aided engineering tools in mechanical design, and describe how such tools can be seamlessly integrated with one another. 4) By using a sketch as a guide, describe the operation of an automobile automatic transmission, a complex machine design that incorporates mechanical, electronic, computer, and hydraulic components. 5) Explain what patents are, and discuss their importance to engineerings business environment HIGH-LEVEL DESIGN PEOCEDURE In this section, we outline the steps that engineers take when they develop new products and hardware. From the broadest viewpoint, design is defined as the systematic process for devising a mechanical system to meet one of societys technical needs. The specific motivation could lie in the areas of transportation, communication, or security, for instance. The prospective product is expected to solve a particular problem so well, or offer such a new capability, that other will pay for it. Early on, a companys marketing department will collaborate with engineers and managers to identify, in a general sense, new opportunities for products. Together, they define the new products concept by drawing upon feedback from potential customers and from user of related product. Designers will subsequently develop those concepts, work out the details, and bring the functioning hardware to realization. Many approximations, trade-offs, and choices are made along the way, and mechanical engineers are mindful that the level of precision that is need will naturally and gradually grow as the design matures. For instance, it does not make sense for an engineer to resolve specific details (should a grade 1020 or 1045 steel alloy be used? Are ball or roller bearings most appropriate? What must be the viscosity of the oil?) until the design s overall concept has taken firm shape. After all, at an early stage of the design cycle, the specifications for the products size, weight, power, or performance could still change. Design engineers are comfortable nts with such ambiguity, and they are able to develop product even in the presence of requirements and constraints that can change. The formal procedure by which a marketing concept evolves into manufactured hardware is based upon many principles and attributes. Most engineers would probably agree that creativity, simplicity, and iteration are key factors in any successful endeavor. Innovation begins with a good idea, but also implies starting from a blank sheet of paper. Nevertheless, engineers must still take the first, perhaps uncertain, step for transforming that formative idea into concrete reality. Early design decisions are made by drawing upon a variety of source: personal experience, knowledge of mathematics and science, laboratory and field testing, and trial and error guided by good judgment. Generally speaking, simpler design concepts are better than complex ones, and the adage “keep it simple, stupid” has a well-deserved reputation among engineers for guiding decisions. Iteration is also important for improving a design and for refining hardware that works into hardware that works well. The first idea that you have, just like the first prototype that you construct, will probably not be the best ones that can be realized. With the gradual improvement of each iteration, however, the design will perform better, more efficiently, and more elegantly. From a macroscopic perspective, the mechanical design procedure can be broken down into four major steps, which are outlined with greater detail in Figure 8.1. 1. Define and research objectives. Initially, a designer describes the new products requirements in terms of its function, weight, strength, cost, safety, reliability, and so forth. At this first stage, constraints that the design must satisfy are also established. Those constraints might be of a technical nature-say, a restriction on size or power consumption. Alternatively, the constraints could be related to business or marketing concerns, such as the products appearance, cost, or ease of use. When faced with a new technical challenge, engineers will conduct research and gather background information that is expected to be useful when concepts and details are later evaluated. Engineers read patents that have been issued for related technologies, consult with vendors of components or subsystems that might be used in the product, attend expositions and trade shows, and meet with potential customers to better understand the application. Early in the design process, engineers define the problem, set the objective, and gather pertinent information for the foundation of a good design. nts 2. Generate concepts. In this stage, designers generally work in teams with the goal of devising a wide range of potential solutions to the problem at hand. This creative effort involves conceiving new ideas and combining previous ones to be greater than the sum of their parts. Hardware solutions are conceptualized and composed, and both good and not-so-good ideas are tossed about. Results from the brainstorming sessions are systematically recorded, the advantages and disadvantages of various solutions are identified, and trade-offs among the differing approaches are made. To document the suite of ideas that emerges from this synthesis stage, engineers sketch concepts, make notes, and prepare lists of “ pros and cons” in their design notebooks. No particular idea is evaluated in depth, nor is any idea viewed with too critical an eye. Instead, you should focus on cataloging multiple approaches and devising a wide rang of design concepts, not necessarily all conventional ones. Even though a particular solution might not seem feasible at this early stage, should the products requirements or constraints change in the future (which is likely), the idea might in fact resurface as a leading contender. 3. Narrow down the options. The design team further evaluates the concepts with a view toward reducing them to a promising few. For instance, engineers make preliminary calculations to compare strength, safety, cost, and reliability, and they will begin to discard the less feasible concepts. Sample hardware could also be produced at this stage. Just as a picture is worth a thousand words, a physical prototype is often useful for engineers to visualize complex machine components and to explain their assembly to others. The prototype can also be tested so that trade-off decisions are made based on the results of both measurements and analyses. One method for producing such components is called rapid prototyping, and its key capability is that complex, three-dimensional can be fabricated directly from is called fused deposition modeling, and it enables durables durable and fully functional prototypes to be fabricated from plastics and polycarbonates. As an example, Figure 8.2 depicts a computer-aided design drawing of an engine block and a physical prototype developed with the system show in Figure 8.3 4. Develop a detailed design. To reach this point of the high-level procedure, the design team will have brainstormed, tested, analyzed, and converged its way to what it perceives as the best concept. The implementation of the design, construction of a final prototype, and development of the manufacturing process each remain. Detailed nts technical issues are solved by applying mathematical, scientific, laboratory, and computer-aided engineering tools. Completed drawings and parts lists are prepared. The designers conduct engineering analysis and experiments to verify performance over a range of operating conditions. If necessary, changes to shape, dimensions, materials, and components will be made until all requirements and constraints are met. The design is documented through engineering drawings and written reports so that able to understand the reasons behind each of the many decisions that the designers made. Such documentation is also useful for future design teams to teams to learn from and build upon the present teams experiences. At the most fundamental level, the final design must all of its requirements and constraints. You might thing that an engineers tasks are completed once the working prototype has been delivered or after the finishing touches have been applied to the drawings. However, mechanical engineers today work in a broader environment, and their hardware is viewed with a critical eye beyond the criterion of whether or not it functions as intended. For a product be successful, it must also be safe to use, reliable, environmentally sound in its use and disposal, and afford

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