环境科学专业英语期末试题答案.doc

1. BOD： Biological Oxygen Demand2. TOC： Total Organic Carbon3. VSS： Volatile Suspended Solid4. CBA： Cost Benefit Analysis5. NPS： New Production Skill1. 富营养化：Eutrophication2. 活性淤泥：activated sludge3. 反向渗透：reverse osmosis4. 新陈代谢：metabolization5. 曝气池：aeration tank1. Process whereby water changes from liquid to gas.Evaporation 2. The physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us.Environment 3. One treatment process aimed to dispose the suspended solids and grits in the wastewater.Primary treatment 4. The process by which wastes are converted into environment friendly end products with the help of microorganism.Biodegradation 5. The process in which suspended solids joined together to settle down with flocculant.Flocculation In every society it is necessary to have a general system of laws to ensure justice. Laws are designed to make certain that peoples rights are protected and that people respect each others rights. Sometimes, however, laws are passed which are specific to a time or situation. For example, a town in Indiana once passed a law making it illegal to shoot open a can of food. Apparently, some gun-carrying citizens forgot their can openers and naturally enough, used their guns to do the job. This disturbed other citizens, and endangered their lives, so a law was passed to prevent it. Specific laws sometimes remain in existence long after the problem has disappeared. The laws then seem strange. For example, the Indiana law was no longer necessary when citizens stopped carrying guns and using them as can openers. Since the law was no longer needed, what once made sense now seems like nonsense.Sometimes laws designed to serve a good purpose were passed but somehow these became mixed up in their wording. As a result, the laws dont make sense. In one state there is a law which says that it is illegal to move or to attempt to move a motor vehicle. Obviously, a massive traffic jam would occur if everyone suddenly obeyed that law. But no one does, of course, because the intention of the law was not to prevent owners from moving their own cars. It was to prevent people from moving (stealing) other peoples cars.It is often harder to repeal a law than to pass one, so many of these old laws remain in existence. Because they no longer fit the way people live or because the problem no longer exists, these laws are ignored. Everyone understands that and life goes on. Thus, laws that once made very good sense, now seem like nonsense.1. According to the passage, laws are designed for the purpose of _A_.A. protecting peoples rights B. making people respect each otherC. preventing gun-carrying D. punishing criminals2. The word job in paragraph 1 refers to _C_.A. working B. shootingC. opening a can D. disturbing others3. The author used the Indiana law as an example to explain _C_.A. how some laws are passed and changed B. how people in Indiana open cansC. why some laws may seem strange D why people in Indiana no longer use their guns4. Whats the problem with the law concerning motor vehicles? B .A. It leads to traffic jams. B. It is not clearly written.C. It is not designed to serve a good purpose. D. It has been out of date.5. We can conclude from the passage that _D_.A. a law system is necessary for every societyB. some laws that dont make sense may also get passedC. it is more difficult to change the old law than pass a new one D. some laws may seem strange as time passesPassage2It is over 40 years since first atomic bomb was dropped on a major city in Japan. Yet even now its effect are showing themselves and may continue to do so for years to come. Much effort and human energy have been used to try to prevent such terrifying thing from happening again. So far there is no guarantee that it will not. Countries which already possess nuclear knowledge and resources have bombs stored away which are powerful enough to wipe out all life on earth.But this is not all. Other countries, which previously were not so advanced in technology, are gradually buying materials that can be used for making atomic devices. This nuclear energy will naturally be of great value in helping the economy of poor nations, but it also means that there are far more opportunities for the manufacture of bombs.The generation of electricity through nuclear power came directly from the original work on the atom bomb. Because of the increase in demand for energy and the possibility of decreasing supplies of oil and natural gas, the interest in electiricity has increased, One of the by-products of nuclear power stations is plutonium produced from nuclear fuel:plutonium is ingredient in bomb-making.This brings the problem to a full circle again. How can something so valuable and useful be controlled so that it works for the benefit and not the destruction of man?6. In the writers view, effects of dropping the first atomic bomb D . A are not over B may gone on forever C could last much longer D will not be over in the near future7. The writer says that enough atomic bombs have already been manufactured to D . A wipe out Japan B last forever C act as a peacr-keeping deviceD destroy all living things8. The writer believes that the advantage of less developed countries being able to make atomic devices is that it B . A gives them more opportunities for work B will help poor countries to become richer C will enable them to make better explosivesD will be of great value to them9. The writer implies that most people today do not reject nuclear weapons because C . A they are unimportant B they think that their existence will prevent countries from going to warC they are stored out of the wayD they have become accutomed to them10. The second paragraph tells us that the increased demand for electricity today D . A has led to the decrease in supplies of oil B means that more countries are interested in nuclear power C has increased the risk of accidental explosionsD has increased the very means of producing more atomic bombs1. Catalyst is the chemical which can be used repeatedly in a reaction without being consumed.催化剂是在反应过程中可重复使用且不会消失的化学物质。2. Adsorption is the process that molecules of a gas or liduid adhere to the surface of a solid吸附作用是气体或液体分子粘附到固体表面的过程。3. Impurities in water were classified into suspended, colloidal, or dissolved.污水中的杂质可以划分为悬浮态的，胶状的和溶解的。4. Measured concentrations tell us nothing about the danger caused by pollutants, because threshold levels, synergy are also determing factors.测量的浓度自身并没有告诉我们污染物造成的危害，因为临界浓度，协同作用都是决定因素。5. wherever there is suitable food, sufficient moisture, and an appropriate temperature, micro-organisms will thrive.一个地方只要有合适的食物，充足的水分，和一个适当的温度，微生物就能生存。6.