还是书面表达.doc

化难为易巧增分动态课件(学增分技巧)1.名师解读高考作文评分标准2.书面表达训练三步法3.教你如何扩展句子4.教你如何衔接与过渡5.教你如何行文及润色6.书面表达常见错误及对策化难为易巧增分动态课件(背高级表达)1.书面表达常用词汇2.书面表达常用衔接词3.书面表达100种常用表达4.书面表达高级结构5.书面表达必背60个好句子6.书面表达精品模板第三部分第一板块 基础写作步步高高考能力层级(一)做到表达准确清晰 用时3课时高考能力层级(二)使用较多的语法结构 用时4课时高考能力层级(三)使用较多的高级表达和连接成分 用时2课时4高考能力层级(一)做到表达准确清晰 用时3课时第一周句子成分的准确定位句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。一、主语 主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是谁或什么。主语通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。 Finally, some good English study websites contribute a lot to my improvement.(2012山东写作) 最后，一些优秀的英语学习网站对我的提高帮助很大。(名词短语作主语) It cost me 99 yuan to buy this Longman dictionary. 我花99元钱买了这本朗文词典。(不定式作主语，it为形式主语)名师指津从句、不定式或动名词作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，往往用形式主语it。二、谓语英语中动词一共分为四类：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词，实义动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。实义动词可以单独作谓语，其他种类的动词都不能单独作谓语；连系动词需要和表语构成谓语；情态动词和助动词需要和实义动词或连系动词一起构成谓语。He worked hard all day today.他今天苦干了一天。(实义动词作谓语)The park looks beautiful.这个公园看起来很漂亮。(连系动词表语作谓语)You must finish the project by Friday.周五前你必须完成任务。(情态动词实义动词作谓语)We have finished reading the book.我们已经看完了这本书。(助动词实义动词作谓语)三、表语表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等，位于系动词之后，与之构成系表结构。可以用作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。His words sounded reasonable.他的话听起来是合理的。(形容词作表语)She is in good health.她很健康。(介词短语作表语)As a matter of fact, blocking, pushing and bumping are just part of a tough game.(2012江苏书面表达)事实上，堵、推和撞是一切激烈比赛不可或缺的一部分。(名词短语作表语)四、宾语1宾语在句中主要充当动作的承受者，因此一般置于及物动词后，但不少介词与动词已构成固定的动词短语，所以介词的宾语亦变为动词短语的宾语。可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、介词短语、从句等。He denied visiting her house.他否认去过她的家。(动名词作宾语)I hope I will be accepted as a member of your summer camp.(2012新课标全国卷)我希望能被接受为你们夏令营的一员。(从句作宾语)2宾语可分为直接宾语和间接宾语。(1)直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果，通常指物。(2)间接宾语表示动作的接受者或指向，通常指人，它位于直接宾语之后，若在其前面则常加介词to或for。They offered me the job.间接宾语直接宾语( They offered the job to me.) 直接宾语 间接宾语他们把那份工作给了我。五、定语 定语是用来说明名词或代词的品质与特征的词或一组词。可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。 He works in a steel works. 他在一家钢铁厂工作。(名词作定语) There are about fifty people at the meeting. 大约有五十人出席了会议。(数词作定语) The blackboard was decorated with beautiful words, which read “Happy Teachers Day！”(2012陕西书面表达) 黑板上装饰着美丽的文字，上面写道：“教师节快乐！”(从句作定语)六、状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。可以用作状语的有：副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等。Frightened, she asked me to go with her.由于害怕，她要我跟她一起去。(形容词作状语)I opened the window to let some fresh air in.我打开窗户让新鲜空气进来。(不定式作状语)By talking with them, my oral English improved a lot.(2012山东写作)通过跟他们交谈，我的口语提高了很多。(介词短语作状语)七、补足语补足语是一种补足主语和宾语意义的句子成分。补足主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补足语；补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补足语。可以用作补足语的有：形容词、名词、不定式、分词和介词短语等。He was seen to go upstairs.有人看见他上楼了。(不定式作主补)I also find it useful to keep English diaries.(2012山东写作)我也发现记英文日记很有用。(形容词作宾补).指出下列句子画线部分是什么句子成分1The aged are well taken care of in the village._ 2He managed to finish the work in time. _3His wish is to become a scientist. _答案：主语答案：宾语答案：表语4Great changes have taken place in China since 1980._5He noticed a man enter the room._6Would you tell me your advice？_7He waited to see the result of the game._答案：谓语答案：宾语补足语答案：me为间接宾语，your advice为直接宾语答案：状语8He was elected chairman_of_the_company._9Ill never forget the day when_I_worked_together_with_you._10It makes no difference whether_he_will_come._答案：主语补足语答案：定语答案：主语(it为形式主语).分析下列句子成分主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 状语主语 定语 表语谓语 宾语 状语状语 主语 谓语 主补主语 谓语 宾语 状语第二周五种基本句式的正确书写句子最重要的部分是主语和谓语，主语是句子的中心，谓语是主语的动作或者主语所处的状态。简单句的骨架就是一个主谓结构，共有五种句型，这五种句型是写作学习的核心内容，因为所谓的复杂的句子，即并列句、主从复合句，全部是简单句组合或相套而来。五种简单句句型如下：一、主语谓语(不及物动词) 该句型常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为：句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 The_bird is flying high in the sky. 主语 谓语 鸟儿在天空中翱翔。 Well gather at the Students Club at 8 pm. this Friday, after the evening classes.(2012全国卷书面表达) 本周五晚自习之后我们将于8：00 在学生俱乐部集合。二、主语谓语(及物动词)宾语 该句型特点为：谓语动词均为实义动词，都是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当)，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。 We all possess the_same_chance. 主语谓语 宾语 我们拥有同样的机会。We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.(2012江苏书面表达)我们必须学会平和地、理智地处理冲突。(不定式短语to handle conflicts作宾语)名师指津该句式的谓语动词要用及物动词。如果是不及物动词，后面一定要跟介词构成及物词组。Some of the students are always longing for holidays.有些学生总是渴望着放假。三、主语系动词表语这就是常说的主系表结构。此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样，谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词)，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。In other words, we are the master of our own future. 主语 系动词表语换句话说，我们是自己未来的掌控者。名师指津除了be动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词：(1)表感官的动词：feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear等。(2)表转变、变化的动词：become, get, grow, turn, go等。(3)表延续的动词：remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。(4)表瞬间的动词：come, fall等。The problem remains to be settled.这个问题有待解决。四、主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语该句型中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面，直接宾语在后面。Hegavemesome_beautiful_photos.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语他给了我一些漂亮的照片。名师指津双宾语结构只能跟在某些及物动词后面，主要有以下三类动词：(1)give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send, pay, pass, allow, return等。这一类动词后的间接宾语可以用介词to引导的短语来表示。Please hand him a book! Please hand a book to him!请递给他一本书。(2)buy, do, get, fetch, save, make, sing, choose等。这一类动词后的间接宾语可以用介词for引导的短语来表示。Her father bought her a bike. Her father bought a bike for her.她的父亲给她买了一辆自行车。(3)ask, answer, take, cost等。这一类动词无法改变结构形式。The car cost me 2,000 yuan for the repair.这次修车我花了两千元。五、主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语该句型中的动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟在宾语之后。We elected him monitor_of_our_class.主语 谓语 宾语 宾补我们选举他为班长。As a high school student, I consider English a very important subject.(2012山东书面表达)作为一名中学生，我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。.判断下列简单句的类型1He looked unhappy at that time. _2He lost the money on his way home. _3Mr Wang taught us English last year. _4The time passed quickly. _5We are making our country more and more beautiful. _主语系动词表语主语谓语宾语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语主语谓语主语谓语宾语宾语补足语.高考作文单句翻译1(2012安徽书面表达)在中国，理科生要比文科生需求量大得多。(主系表结构) _2(2012福建书面表达)这种行为让我陷入了深深的思考。(主语谓语宾语宾语补足语) _Science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China.Such behavior left me deep in thought.3(2012全国卷)我们想给他一个惊喜。(主语谓语直接宾语间接宾语) _4(2012安徽书面表达)高中生面临着文理科的选择。(主系表结构，be faced with) _We want to give him a surprise.High school students are faced with a choice between arts and science.习作提升(改正下列短文中的错误)学生习作：正确表达： Most of Li Mings classmates have become leaders or businessmen, but he remains a dustman. He often says what he does is also very important to others. He isnt discouraged. On the contrary, he is always in high spirits. We should learn from him and try to become useful builders for our society.第三周There be句型的灵活运用There be句型由“therebe主语”构成，用以表达存在关系。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际意义。 There is a tall tree in front of the classroom. 教室前有棵大树。 一、There be的基本句型1there be结构有不同的时态形式，而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。There was a meeting in our school yesterday.昨天在我们学校召开了一次会议。There cant be any mistakes in his passage.他的文章里不可能有什么错误。2there be结构中的谓语动词be可用seem/appear to be, happen to be, is likely to be等代替。There used to be a book store on the corner.以前在这个街口有家书店。There is likely to be something wrong with his computer.他的电脑可能出了问题。3在there be句型中，be可以用live, stand, come, go, lie, exist等动词来代替，表示存在。Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple.从前，那座庙里住着一个老和尚。There stands a History Museum near the station.在车站的附近矗立着一座历史博物馆。4在there be句型中，谓语动词和后面的主语在数方面要保持一致。如果有两个或更多的主语，则与离动词最近的那个主语保持一致，即遵循就近一致原则。There is only a table, four chairs and a small bed in the room.房间里只有一张桌子、四把椅子和一张小床。二、There be的拓展句型1There be 主语(for sb.) to doThere are still many things for us to do.我们还有很多的事情要做。2There be 主语现在分词There were many students holding an opposite view.有很多学生持相反意见。3There be 主语过去分词There were trees planted by students all over the mountain.满山都是学生们种植的树。4There be 主语定语从句/同位语从句There are many people who dont agree.有很多人不同意。There exists a rule that all teachers should stay at school during working hours.有条规定要求教师在工作时间里待在学校。三、There be句型的常见错误1学生易受汉语影响，句中出现双谓语。误There are two boys are waiting for you.正There are two boys waiting for you.正Two boys are waiting for you.2易把there be错用成there have。误There is going to have a meeting tomorrow.正There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.3易把there be结构与it is相混淆。误It is no doubt that he will pass the exam.正There is no doubt that he will pass the exam.四、There be句型的常见结构There is no doubt .毫无疑问There is no need . 没有必要There is no possibility . 没有可能There is no sense/point in doing sth. 做没有意义There is no denying . 不可否认There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.毫无疑问，我们的教育制度有令人不满意的地方。There is no denying that the qualities of their life have gone from bad to worse.不可否认的是，他们的生活质量已经每况愈下。.用there be结构转换句型1It often rains in my hometown. in my hometown.2It seems that something is wrong with the computer. something wrong with the computer.There is a lot of rainThere seems to be3Some teachers from other schools visited our school last week._our school last week.4Your daughter is good at English. You neednt worry about her.Your daughter is good at English. _ worry about her.5It is impossible to deny that he is a great man. that he is a great man.There were some teachers from other schools visitingThere is no need for you toThere is no denying.用there be结构翻译句子1操场上碰巧有很多人。 _2有20名学生支持这个观点。 _3山脚下似乎有人在伐树。 _There happened to be a lot of people on the playground.There are twenty students supporting/who support the idea.There seems to be someone cutting down trees at the foot of the mountain.4灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。 _5你来之前就有过很多起这样的事故。 _6(2012江西书面表达)有各种各样(a variety of)的书可供我们选择，像历史书、科学书、文学书等等。 _The lights are on. There must be someone in the office.There had been many such accidents before you came.There are a variety of books for us to choose from, like history books, science books, literary books and so on.7再跟他争论此事没有意义。 _8毫无疑问，他能克服困难。 _There is no sense/point in arguing with him about it again.There is no doubt that he can overcome the difficulty.根据汉语提示完成短文假如你和你的好朋友约翰之间曾经出现误会。请根据以下内容，写一篇短文陈述产生误会的原因、经过和结果。上个月我们进行了一次数学测试。碰巧有一道数学题除了我以外没有人能做出来。我的好朋友约翰想抄我的答案，他扔给我一张纸条，但我不予理睬。这次测试以后我们吵了一架，自此我们之间一直存在很大的隔阂。我们之间一定有误会，我向他解释我为什么拒绝他的原因，我们又成为了好朋友。写作要求 尽可能多地使用there be结构。参考范文： _There used to be some misunderstanding between my best friend John and me. We had a math test last month and there happened to be a very difficult problem in the test but there seemed/appeared to be nobody except me who could work out the problem. My best friend John wanted to copymy answer and he threw me a piece of paper asking me to give my answer to him. There lied his paper of request in front of me, but I ignored it. So after the test we had a quarrel and since then there has been a great distance between us. There must be some misunderstanding between us so I explained to him why I refused to give him my answer in the test and we became good friends again.高考能力层级(二)使用较多的语法结构 用时4课时 第四周并列句和状语从句的写作一 、并列句 并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。1常见并列句的类型及并列连词类型连词并列关系(递进关系)and, both . and ., not only . but also ., neither . nor ., when 转折关系but, yet, whereas选择关系or, otherwise, or else, either . or ., not . but .因果关系for, so, therefore, thus对比关系whileTalents come from diligence, and knowledge is gained by accumulation. 天才在于勤奋，知识在于积累。Not only does he speak English correctly, but also he speaks it fluently. 他不仅能正确地说英语，而且说得很流利。Ms. Li spent a wonderful time with us, but we know that we cannot thank her enough for all her hard work and guidance.(2012陕西书面表达)李老师和我们度过了一段快乐的时光，但我们知道对她所有的付出和指导再怎么感谢也不为过。What he lacks is not intelligence but perseverance.他所缺乏的不是聪明才智而是毅力。I apologized to her, for I had wronged her. 我向她道歉了，因为我错怪了她。Im good at science while my sister prefers arts.我擅长理科而我妹妹更喜欢文科。2并列连词构成的常用句式(1)and构成的句式祈使句and陈述句(祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，and后面的句子相当于一个表示结果的主句)。Work hard and you will succeed.( If you work hard, you will succeed.)努力学习，你就会成功。名词词组and陈述句(名词词组相当于一个条件状语从句，其中常含有more, another等词)。Another try, and youll make a success.再试一次，你就会取得成功。(2)or (else)/otherwise构成的句式祈使句or (else)/otherwise陈述句。Seize the chance, or (else) youll regret.抓住这次机会，否则你会后悔的。名词词组or (else)/otherwise陈述句。More healthy food, or youll break down early or late.多吃健康食品，不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。(3)when构成的句式sb. was doing sth. when . 某人正在做某事，这时We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我们正在开会，这时突然有人闯了进来。sb. was about to do sth. when . 某人正要做某事，这时We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.我们正打算动身，突然下起雨来了。sb. had just done sth. when .某人刚做完某事，这时I had just finished sweeping the floor when the telephone rang.我刚刚拖完地，这时电话铃响了。二、状语从句 在英语写作中，状语从句的运用也是高考英语高分作文的必需条件，所以考生必须学会并熟练运用状语从句。 状语从句修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词，由从属连词引导，可位于句首，也可位于主句后。状语从句在句首时，往往用逗号把从句与主句隔开。1引导状语从句的连词分类状语从句连词时间when, whenever, as, while, before, after, till, until, as soon as, hardly . when, no sooner . than, scarcely . when, each time, every time, the first time, the last time, the moment, the minute, the second, the day, immediately地点where, wherever, everywhere状语从句连词条件if, unless, providing/provided that, supposing/suppose that, as long as, so long as, on condition that, in case, only if, if only原因because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that, in that让步though, although, even if, even though, as, while, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter, whether . or .状语从句连词比较as, than, the same as, not so . as, as . as方式as if, as though目的that, in order that, so that, in case, for fear that, lest结果so that, so . that, such . that, but that在写好简单句的基础上，要写好含状语从句的复合句，掌握引导每种状语从句的连词是关键，因为状语从句内的结构与简单句相同，我们需要什么状语从句，只需在句前加上相应的连词即可。当然我们还需分清复合句中哪是主句，哪是从句。2状语从句的常用句型结构(1)时间状语从句When/While/As从句，主句When he comes, well light the candles and sing “Happy Birthday” together for him.(2012全国卷书面表达)当他到来时，我们将点起蜡烛一起为他唱生日歌。As the world is becoming a global village, English is getting more and more important, so mastering English means we can see the world through a new window.(2012四川书面表达)随着世界逐步变成地球村，英语变得越来越重要，因此掌握英语就意味着通过一个新的窗口看世界。主句after/before从句They hadnt been married for four months before they divorced.他们结婚不到四个月就离婚了。We went home after we finished the work.我们完成工作就回家了。主句until从句I worked until he came back.我一直工作到他回来。I didnt work until he came back.他回来后我才开始工作。No soonerhad主语done . than主语did(注意：其正常语序是：主语hadno soonerdone . than主语did)No sooner had I got to Beijing than I called you. I had no sooner got to Beijing than I called you.我一到北京就给你打电话了。By the time (that)从句主句(注意：主句用完成时态)By the time you came back, I had finished reading this book.到你回来时，我已经读完这本书了。By the time you come back, I will have finished reading this book.到你回来时，我将读完这本书。Each/Every time (that)从句主句(each/every time相当于whenever或no matter when)Each time he comes to Harbin, he always drops in on me.每当他来哈尔滨的时候，他总会顺便来看我。(2)地点状语从句主句where从句Farming is difficult or impossible where there is no rain.在没有雨水的地方种庄稼是很难的或者说是不可能的。Anywhere/Wherever从句主句Anywhere I go, my wife goes, too.无论我去哪儿，我的妻子也都要跟着去。(3)条件状语从句When/So long as/As long as/Once从句主句(从句也可以放在主句之后)As long as you give me some money, I will let you go.只要你给我一些钱，我就让你走。Were/Should/Had主语谓语主句Were I you, I would have gone there yesterday.如果我是你的话，昨天我就去那儿了。主句unless从句(注意：从句谓语动词用肯定形式)I will go there tomorrow unless it rains.如果明天不下雨，我就去那儿。Ifnecessary/impossible/important .主句(从句常用省略句式)If necessary, I will do it.如果有必要的话，我来做此事。(4)原因状语从句主句for fear (that)/considering that/seeing that从句Take your raincoat for fear (that) it may rain.带上你的雨衣，恐怕要下雨。主句because从句He was late for work because he was caught in the traffic.因为堵车，他上班迟到了。As/Since从句主句Since she cant answer this question, i