初中定语从句三部曲及练习附答案.doc

定语从句“三步曲”到目前为止，同学们已经学习了宾语从句、状语从句等。但在英语阅读、写作以及各类考试中，我们几乎离不开另一个重点语法项目，那就是定语从句。既然如此，那么初学定语从句应搞清哪些东西呢？咱们还是一道来看看定语从句“三步曲”是如何解码的：第一曲弄清定语从句的基本概念在复合句（包括主句和从句）中，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句必须放在被修饰的词之后。例如：This is the buildingthat we built last year这就是我们去年建的楼房。The manwho is talking with a group of studentsis our class teacher正在和一群学生谈话的那个人是我们的班主任。第二曲弄清定语从句的先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。例如：The manwho lives next to us sells vegetables住在我们隔壁的那个人是卖蔬菜的。You must doeverythingthat I do你必须做我所做的一切。其中man和everything均为先行词，分别受到其后的定语从句who lives next to us和that I do的修饰。第三曲弄清关系代词所起的作用1连接作用：关系代词whowhomwhichthat等可以连接主句与定语从句，不可随便用其它词来连接定语从句。试比较：正The student who sits next to me is from Anhui坐在我旁边的那个学生来自安徽。误The student he sits next to me is from Anhui析he是人称代词，不是关系代词，因此不可连接主句与定语从句。正The letter whichthat I received yesterday was from a friend of mine我昨天收到的那封信是我的一个朋友寄来的。误The letter what I received yesterday was from a friend of mine析疑问代词what也不能连接主句和定语从句。先行词关系代词指人的who/whom , that指物的which , that2替代作用：关系代词在从句中替代在它前面主句中的先行词；同时，先行词与关系代词在一般的情况下应保持一定的呼应关系。试比较：正The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman误The man which is shaking hands with my father is a policeman析主句中的先行词man指代的是人，因此，关系代词不能使用which。正The girl did not answer these questions which were asked in English误The girl did not answer these questions who were asked in English析主句中的先行词questions指代的是物，因此，关系代词不能使用who。3成分作用：定语从句的关系代词在从句中总是充当一定的句子成分（如：主语、宾语、定语等）。例如：The woman whothat spoke at the meeting is an engineer在会议上发言的那个妇女是位工程师。（关系代词whothat在从句中作主语）I like the boy whowhomthat I met at the party last week我喜欢上周在宴会上见到的那个男孩。（关系代词whowhomthat在从句中作宾语）几点注意：1）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可以省去；但作主语时，则不可以省略。试比较：The film（whichthat）I saw yesterday was very goodI dont like people whothat talk much but do little2）关系代词作从句主语时，应注意从句的主谓一致。例如：正David was talking to the team who were playing football with him误David was talking to the team who was playing football with him析主句中的team指的是“队友、队员”，因此，关系代词who指代复数，其后的谓语应用复数。3）当心定语从句中代词的误用。例如：正The computer（whichthat）I bought last week has not been used yet误The computer（whichthat）I bought it last week has not been used yet析关系代词在从句中作宾语时，无论省略与否，从句中不可再使用如itthemher之类的代词。4）只能使用that引导定语从句的场合：当先行词为alleverythingnothinganythinglittlemuchnone等不定代词或先行词前有一个序数词、形容词最高级、onlyallanyno等词修饰时。例如：The first thing that you could do was to turn off the light你首先要做的就是熄灭灯。All that we have to do for our students is to tell them how to speak English in class我们为学生所要做的一切就是告诉他们如何在课上说英语。另：当先行词是something时，关系代词可用that或which。5）只能使用which引导定语从句的场合：当先行词为that或关系代词（指“物”）在介词之后或在非限制性定语从句（即通常用逗号与主句分开的定语从句）中时。例如：This is the house in which Tom once lived这是汤姆以前住过的房子。Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world世界各地都踢足球，这是一项非常有趣的活动。巩固练习：用whowhomthatwhich填空。1Those are the things _ I lost in the street yesterday2He is the person _ we often talk about3They talked of things and persons _they remembered4They call it Christmas，_comes from the name Christ5They may go to their own library to look up any information _they need单项选择。6People _ study earthquakes think that there will be no big earthquake here awho bwhich cwhom d7The pancake _my aunt cooks is d