2011年安大研究生英语上册英语课后题及答案.doc

第一单元II. VocabularydimensionparadoxsemblancelousyreckonStancevulnerabilityidiosyncrasydisciplinarydebunk1. It was only later that the aesthetic of literary study became emphasized with an accompanying concentration on the fictional genres.2. Some might think this a rather approach to a primarily theoretical topic, but it seems appropriate to this book.3. But we now have to with the fact that the peculiar essence of a human being is rationality, that is, each human essence is some particular form of rationality.4. The that local leaderships had taken had enormous public support, expressed both in the number prepared to take part in public meetings and in opinion polls.5. Sometimes its difficult to separate out the consequences of abuse per se from the consequences of _ emotional environment, or from the consequences of neglect and deprivation.6. It is the ultimate _ of this highly academic school of fiction that it defies all the usual rules of academic scrupulosity, as if fiction were a breaking-out, a holiday from cares.7. There are numerous ways to _ the myths, not the least of which is to simply stop and think carefully about them. 8. A governing, advisory, or _ body of some colleges and universities composed of faculty members and sometimes student representatives.9. In spite of efforts to give some _ of fair treatment to the ordinary sailor, no radical improvement in the methods or rate of payment was made until after the mutinies of 1797.10. People with disabilities and other _ populations should develop their own emergency plans as well as establish support groups at community level. III. Phrasesin more ways than one act in on the take (with) head formay (might) as well arm with to sbs credit put on1. In a well-known British newspaper, a writer argued recently that “industry is caught in a web of bribery” and that everyone is “_”.2. Seconds after his name was called Saturday night, he hugged everyone important in his life coaches and family let out a deep, deep sigh and _ the podium.3. Woods realized the investors were mostly interested in their net worth and that any increase in their net worth would be _ in the eyes of his benefactors.4. The cupboards are useful for _ a reading lamp _, and of course a dressing table is important, with a nice big mirror for doing your hair and _ the make-up.5. Language tests _ involve objective tests as well as subjective tests, which can fully demonstrate testees linguistic competence.6. An Air Force B-52 bomber was reported to fly across the central United States yesterday with six cruise missiles _ nuclear warheads.7. Venice is fragile _; it is so unique that it requires a special kind of protection.8. The new Act also allows a director of a subsidiary to _ the best interests of its holding company even when it may not be in the best interests of the company.V. Cloze expectdriveunimpeachableindustrial evaluate perspectiveshapechieflyobjectivitysponsor affiliationhierarchiesacknowledgmentsupport desperateKnowing who wrote a book helps you judge its quality and understand its full significance. Authors are people. Like anyone else, their views are _1_ by their educations, their jobs, their early lives, and the rest of their experiences. Also like anyone else, they have prejudices, blind spots, _2_ moments, failings, and desires - as well as insights, brilliance, _3_, and successes. All of this comes into play.Most authors belong to organizations: universities, corporations, governments, newspapers, magazines. These organizations each have distinct cultures, _4_ of power, and social norms. Organizations shape both how a work is written and the content of what it says. For example, university professors are _5_ to write books and/or journal articles in order to get tenure. These pieces of writing must meet certain standards of quality, defined _6_ by other professors; for them, content usually matters more than good writing. Journalists, by contrast, are often _7_ by deadlines and the need to please large audiences. Because of this, their standards of quality are often directed more toward clear and engaging writing than toward _8_ content; their sources are usually oral rather than written.The more you know about the author and his/her organization, the better you will be able to _9_ what you read. Try to answer questions like these: what shaped the authors intellectual _10_? What is his or her profession? Is the author an academic, a journalist, a professional (doctor, lawyer, _11_ scientist, etc.)? Expertise? Other books and articles? Intellectual network(s)? Gender? Race? Class? Political _12_? Why did the author decide to write this book? When? For what audience(s)? Who paid for the research work (private foundations, government grant agencies, industrial _13_, etc.)? Who wrote “jacket blurbs” in _14_ of the book?You can often (though not always) learn about much of this from the _15_, the bibliography, and the authors biographical statement.Exercise: Translate the following Chinese into English or English into Chinese. 1. Why are some people argumentative and domineering, while others are shy and hesitant? Why are some people greedy, selfish, and cynical, while others are easy to get along with? 2. From the standpoint of the developing countries, the next decade should see a greatly accelerated program for scientific and technological co-operation, aimed at widespread dissemination of technology for meeting the basic needs of man, such as nutrition, shelter, communications, health and sanitation.(from the United Nations documents)3. While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.4. In his autobiography, Darwin points out modestly that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observation. 当前，正在进行以课程教材改革为核心的教育改革，改革的中心目标是变应试教育为素质教育。随着课程教材改革的深入，原本一纲一本的教材模式已被打破，出现了一纲多本甚至多纲多本的格局。无论是从指导进行素质教育需要来看，还是在多纲多本情况下加强教学管理来看，编制有我国特色、学科特点的教学目标是必须的。当然，编制教学目标是一个科学性强、难度高的大工程，应该由国家有关教育领导部门来组织协调。II. Vocabulary conventional temporary rigorous enroll imperativescenario embark intoxicate vulnerable frenzy 1. Many countries have adopted systems of _ education in order to enhance the average level of education. 2. _ by a sense of its own power, mankind has proceeded further and further with experiments that could destroy itself and the world.3. As nations are able to produce tens of millions of casualties in a matter of hours, peace has become a moral _.4. The grim-looking woman with graying hair, suddenly bursting out in a _, frightened us all away.5. This is the worst-case _: in a few years, output in South-east Asia could be 30 to 40 percent below what it was in 1997, with who knows what consequences.6. They have mortgaged our childrens future for the _ convenience of the present.7. The site features a comprehensive reading list and assignments tailored to graduate students who _ in this class8. Not only did I become a single mother when I left, but my family changed; it became somehow less valuable without a man, less valuable and a lot more _.9. Like any new product entering the food supply, genetically modified foods must be subjected to _ testing.10. Over two thirds of British women _ on a new diet or fitness regime at the start of this year, according to the survey.III. Phrases attach to hold back identify with not so muchas in tune with1. I feel far more _ what is going on when I am in the bush than when I am in London or Nairobi.2. The play was so gripping that the audience quickly _ the actors.3. You feel lost，sick at heart before such unmasked hatred，_ because it threatens you _ because it shows humans in such an inhuman light4. Nevertheless, it is an omission which I am proud to be able to rectify. I hope my presence here tonight is further proof of the importance we in Britain _ relations with your great country.5. Does it pay to _, play it cool and wait until the other half has shown their hand first?V. Clozetolerance worship than deferential implicationpersonal feet demand debt privilegecommunicate on close friend narcissisticUnlike boomers or Gen Xers, most Gen Yers didnt rebel against their parents - with mom and dad slavishly (1)_ at the altar of their childrens feelings, they didnt really need to. As the kids commonly say, their parents are their best (2) _.Partly as a result of such treatment, they are more self-confident, independent and less (3) _ to authority - all products of being brought up to believing that they are special. So, no wonder they see good work as a right, not a (4) _.They also have less (5) _ for unpleasant work environments, which includes micromanagement by their bosses. Older managers, who entered the workplace at a time when people were more intimidated by authority, find their lack of timidity disconcerting (which I suspect is the real reason why managers describe Gen Yers as (6) _).Further, they will not put up with things that their older counterparts might. For example, workers of all generations might think their boss was a jerk if he or she made a request that infringed on their (7) _ time. But while older workers would probably acquiesce, younger workers are more likely to balk, telling themselves their boss has no right to treat them that way.In a buoyant economy, Gen Yers will vote with their (8) _ if they do not like how they are being treated. This is the one generational difference that organizations should pay attention to: Gen Yers are more likely to act (9) _ their values, in part because they have higher expectations about how they should be treated. Supply and (10) _ also play a significant role in promoting worker cockiness. I have been delivering the same workshop with a different crop of twentysomething professionals for almost 20 years. Whenever the job market is hot, managers complain about young peoples sense of entitlement. Hearing a constant refrain of talent wars and pending skills shortages just makes them more so.So what are the management (11) _ of all this?Actually, Gen Ys are rarely treated differently (12) _ other workers. Gen Ys do want to be treated well - but so does everyone else. No one worthy of the title manager is going to treat young workers with sensitivity and everyone else poorly.Managers would be wise to stop wringing their hands over generational thinking and start paying (13) _ attention to the unique personality characteristics and motivations of each and every one of their workers, no matter what their age.That cool electronic media? It is how Gen Yers like to (14) _, but not who they are.And remember: the generational stuff is fleeting. These young workers will soon start families, enter the housing market, become (15) _ slaves - and begin complaining about the next generation of hedonistic workers. Were it ever thus.Exercise: Translate the following Chinese into English or English into Chinese.1. 矛盾不断出现，又不断解决，正是事物发展的辩证规律。2. The 1967 UN document calls for a settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israels withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israelis right to exist. 3. The aggression took many forms: the unilateral denunciation of treaties and international commitments, interference in the internal affairs of other states, the use of threats against weaker neighbors, the imposition of unequal relationships, outright armed attack against the territories of other states and their dismemberment, the subjugation of colonial peoples and the denial of the right to self-determination as well as fundamental human rights.4. Sea gulls are excellent flyers. They can fly many miles without stopping. With a short rest here and there, they can fly from one end of a country to the other. They are good gliders, too. When they glide, they seem to be sliding down invisible slides way up in the air. Sea gulls are good swimmers, too. Their feet are webbedthe little stretches of skin between their toes make paddles. Gulls are floaters. They stay on top of the water like pieces of wood. This is helpful because on long trips over the ocean they will drop down onto the water and float while they take a nap. 5. 对许多生活在小镇和村庄上的人来说，熟人的去世或附近热闹的街口安装了红绿灯有时比远在外国发生的一场灾难更能吸引他们的注意力。这就是为什么英国地方报纸的发行量几乎与全国性报纸相当。这些地方报纸经常不对国家大事发表评论，编辑也很少对政治问题表明立场。它们经常为社区服务，表达公众对地方问题的心声。第三单元II. Vocabulary agonize perplex manipulate mask enchant embody shield console disguise permeate1. If self-treatment is used, the traveler must realize that the treatment may not be complete and may _ the effects of other diseases.2. The traditional family unit, he says, is an irreplaceable form of social capital, _ the “spirit of sacrifice”; teaching traditional morality is a necessary investment in good habits.3. Many guidelines now in place were designed to purchasers from excess fees and unnecessary charges.4. Even city dwellers view enough TV specials, showing carnivores preying on herbivores, to understand that death in the wild can be as and ugly as anywhere else.5. This was a brilliant idea, because mathematicians had been playing with elliptic curves for more than a century, and had developed plenty of ways of them.6. Physically, I found John unattractive and I didnt know how I was going to overcome my initial reaction; but being able to my feelings is a crucial part of my job.7. What the moralists was American societys sudden inability to cope with the poor - or with drugs or lust or any of the thousand and one weaknesses to which human beings have always been susceptible.8. Concern for the wellbeing of our closest relatives, the other primates, increasingly _ debates about the environment, zoos, circuses and laboratory research.9. There will be a woman somewhere who will respect his incredible determination and who will be _ by his own personal magic.10. The figures were below some forecasts, but analysts were by $32 million in unexpected gains from tax credits.III. Phrasesgain advantage over abound in yearn for adjust to deprive of attend to point to by chance1. This means that there are more than 9 million widows living independent lives, _ various stages of grief, making progress, finding their own way in the world.2. Mary speaks English well, but she _ others because her mother lived in Britain for years and had a decent understanding of English.3. She had no intention of leaving Leningrad but she spent the whole of July _ the time when she would be able to sleep in the morning and at last do all the housework she never had time to do because of her job.4. If the poor remain poor, despite the magnificent economic opportunities that _ American society, their own misconduct must be largely to blame.5. When brain cells are oxygen for a few minutes - which can happen during birth - their normal waves of electrical activity stop, and only returning when an oxygen supply is restored.6. My own sense of my role as reader is that of someone the narrator has met _ on a plane or a train; she has a fascinating story to tell, and I am lucky enough to be the listener.7. It the evidence provided in a survey which revealed that 29 per cent of Black men are in the distribution, hotel, catering and repair industries compared to only 16 per cent of White men.8. As his wife, as Mrs. Thompson, her main responsibility was to look after her husband-that is, to his personal life.V. Clozemake sense lie in yield to condolence decease wake up insist on survivors attend to turn out outgrow omnipotence funeral abrupt tempt toI had an experience some years ago which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I had to officiate at two (1) on successive days for two elderly women in my community. Both had died full of years, as the Bible would say; both (2) the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid (3) calls on the two families on the same afternoon.At the first home, the son of the (4) woman said to me, If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. Its my fault that she died. At the second home, the son of the other deceased woman said, If only I hadnt (5) my mothers going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the (6) change of climate, was more than she could take. Its my fault that shes dead.When things dont (7) as we would like them to, it is very (8)_ assume t