反击式破碎机设计课程毕业设计外文文献翻译/中英文翻译/碎矿设备外文翻译

          中国地质大学长城学院  本科毕业设计外文资料翻译  系     别： 工程技术系              专     业： 机械设计制造及其自动化  姓     名：   田东东                  学     号：  05211516           2015年 3月 11日   反击式破碎机 是一种新型高效率的碎矿设备，其特点是体积小， 构造简单，破碎比大（可达 40）  ，能耗少，生产能力大，产品粒度均匀，并有选择性的碎矿作用，是很有发展前途的设备。但它最大的缺点是板锤和反击板特别易磨损，尤其是破碎坚硬的矿石，磨损则更为严重，需要经常更换。目前由于一些耐磨材料的出现，在一些金属选矿厂中已得到应用。  反击式 破碎机 工作原理：  反击式破碎机是一种利用冲击能来破碎物料的破碎机械。本机工作时，在电动机的带动下，转子高 速旋转，物料进入板锤作用区时，与转子上的板锤撞击破碎，后又被抛向反击装置上再次破碎，然后又从反击衬板上弹回到板锤作用区重新破碎，此过程重复进行，物料由大到小进入一、二、三反击腔重复进行破碎，直到物料被破碎至所需粒度，由出料口排出。调整反击架与转子之间的间隙可达到改变物料出料粒度和物料形状的目的。  石料由机器上部直接落入高速旋转的转盘；在高速离心力的作用下，与另一部分以伞型方式分流在转盘四周的飞石产生高速碰撞与高密度的粉碎，石料在互相打击后，又会在转盘和机壳之间形成涡流运动而造成多次的互相打击、摩擦、粉碎，从 下部直通排出。形成闭路多次循环，由 筛分设备 控制达到所要求的粒度。  反击式破碎机主要优点 : 1,反击式破碎机进料口大 ,破碎腔高，适应物料硬度高、块度大，产品石粉少。 2,物料悬空 ,破碎功耗小。 3,新颖锤头，冲击力大。 4,锤轴安装可调，锤头寿命长。 5,栅格尺寸可调，产品粒度可控，颗粒形状好。 6,反击式破碎机的机箱可翻转，检修更方便。 7,方柄螺栓，抗冲击、抗磨损。  反击式破碎机的发展史可以追溯到 19 世纪 50 年 代，当世界上第一 鄂式破碎机 诞生于美国时，不久以后随着生产力的发展，鄂式破碎机已经不能满足破碎技术的需要，于是，在鄂式破碎机的基础上，人们又设计出了反击式破碎机。  1924 年，德国人首先研制出了单、双转子两种型号的反击式破碎机，那时的破碎机的结构类似于现代鼠笼型破碎机，因为无论从结构上，还是从工作原理上分析，它都具备反击式破碎机的特点。由于物料需要反复冲击，破碎过程中可以自 由无阻排料，但是由于受到给料力度和反击式破碎机的能力的限制，其机型渐渐的转化为了鼠笼型破碎机，应用于中硬一下的细碎。  到 1942 年，德国人 Andreson 在总结了鼠笼型破碎机的 锤式破碎机 的结构特性和工作原理基础上，发明了和现代反击式破碎机结构形式类似的 AP 系列反击式破碎机。得益于这种反击式破碎机的生产效率比较高，可以处理比较到的物料，以及它在形式结构上比较简单，移动方便， 所以，这种反击式破碎机得到了迅速发展。伴随着破碎筛分破碎理论的日益完善和技术的进一步发展，各种各样高性能的反击式破碎机也层出不穷，国外生产反击式破碎机的厂家比较知名有美国 Cedar 即 ids 公司 (原 Iowa 机械公司 )、瑞典 Svedala、芬兰 Nordbe 笔公司、法国 Dragon 公司和西班牙 Rover 公司、德国 Hazemag、 KHD、心 upp 公司、日本川崎重工等等。  其中西班牙 Rover 公司的反击式破碎机有非常广泛的系列，从粗碎反击式破碎机到制砂反击式破碎机，共有八个系列，近百种规格。其结构具有独到之处。据 该公司专家介绍 :中碎用硬岩反击式破碎机，打击板锤使用寿命可达 3 一6个月。另外最近德国 Hazemag&EPR公司为其反击式破碎机研制了新型 HazemagSQ型转子。该转子为开盘型，后部的固定板镶嵌在凹槽中。打击板可以从侧面或固定板上方插入，用楔块固定。打击板融合了 S 型打击板和 Q 型打击板的优点，可以调一次头使用，提高了利用率。  同时为了增强破碎机的机动性还开发了轮胎式和履带式移动式的破碎站，其中轮式型的破碎机在美洲比较受欢迎，履带式在欧洲比较受欢迎。其实反击式破碎机在中国的发展比较晚，到上个世纪 50 年代，我 国才真正拥有破碎机，所以说，我国的破碎筛分设备大都是 50 年代问世的。在上个世纪 80 年代之前，我们国产的反击式破碎机局限于处理煤和石灰石之类中硬物料。  直到八十年代末我国引进 KHD 型硬岩反击式破碎机，填补国内空白。但落后国外二十多年。国产的硬岩反击式破碎机，开始时其核心零件板锤依赖进口，国产化板锤在“八五”期间列为部级科研攻关项目，项目成功之后，国产板锤不仅取代进口，而且已大量出口欧美、日本等国。耐磨材料的突破，使硬岩反击式破碎机如虎添翼。例如：交通部为提高我国公路建设质量，曾提出路面混凝土石料破碎站的科 研项目，并列入国家“八五”攻关项目。该项目的试制设备在东北某工地使用中失败。而用户改用硬岩反击式破碎机后生产石料，完全符合高速公路防滑路面混凝土要求。于是硬岩反击式破碎机声誉大振。辽宁省交通厅曾把拥有这种设备，作为投标承接公路建设的必备条件。据统计，在全国各省市的公路建设中都已采用硬岩反击式破碎机作为路面石料备制设备，来破碎抗压强度达300MPa 的玄武岩、安山岩等坚硬物料，并达到 19.6mm 以下的级配石料。其针片状百分比含量小于 10。目前有 400 多台在各地使用中，不仅解决了高速公路建设中的一个难题，而且也 挡住了进口。  总的来说，未来国内外反击式破碎机的发展方向主要表现在以下几个方面 :   第一，需要对现有的反击式破碎机结构进行改进，提高反击式破碎机的对中硬矿石的破碎能力和设备维护的方便性，其主要集中在板锤、转子结构的改进以便于板锤的更换和装卡 ;反击架 (破碎腔形 )的结构优化，提高矿石的一次破碎率和能量的利用率。  第二，研究开发具有高耐磨高韧性的新型板锤材料提高板锤的使用寿命，提高生产率。  第三，应用现代机电一体化技术和现代控制方法（如液压技术、电子技术），不断提高反击式破碎机的自动化程度，减少工人 的劳动强度，提高生产率。例如 :应用现代计算机辅助设计优化反击架的结构参数，提高对能量的利用率和矿石的一次破碎率。  第四，为适应市场和客户的需要，反击式破碎机正向系列化规格化，大型化发展。  第五，坚持技术创新，逐渐摆脱对产品的单一引进和模仿。提高反击式破碎机的自主知识的研发。  Crusher is a new high-efficiency crushing equipment, which is characterized by small size, simple structure, large crushing ratio (up to 40), low energy consumption, production capacity, uniform particle size, and selective crushing effect, it is promising device. But its biggest drawback is that hammer and counter plate special easy to wear, especially crushing hard ore, wear is more serious, need frequent replacement. At present, because some wear-resistant materials, and in some metal concentrator has been applied. Impact Crusher works: Crusher is a use of impact energy to crush materials broken machinery. When the machine work, driven by the motor, the high-speed rotation of the rotor, when the material into the plate hammer area, and the impact on the rotor hammer crusher, then crushing device was thrown on the counter-attack again, and then from the liner counter bounced back plate hammer again crushing area, this process is repeated, the material descending into the one, two, three counter-cavity repeated broken, until the material is broken to the desired size, from the discharge port. Gap adjustment between the impact rack and rotor materials can achieve the change the shape of the expected size and material purposes. Stone from the top of the machine directly into the high-speed rotation of the turntable; the role of the high-speed centrifugal force, and the other part of the Umbrella way shunt produces high-speed collision with a high density of crushed stone fly around the turntable, stone in the fight against each other, will many times against each other and cause friction, crushing, straight from the lower discharge between the wheel and chassis form a vortex motion. Forming a closed loop several times, controlled by the screening equipment to reach the required size. Crusher main advantages: 1, crusher feed opening, high crushing chamber to meet the high material hardness, fragmentation, less product powder. 2, the material dangling, broken power consumption. 3, new hammer, the impact force. 4, the hammer shaft mounted adjustable hammer, long life. 5, the grid size is adjustable, controllable particle size, particle shape well. 6, crusher chassis can be flipped, maintenance more convenient. 7, square shank bolts, impact resistance, abrasion. History of crusher can be traced back to the 1850s, when the world's first jaw crusher was born in the United States, and soon after with the development of productive forces, the jaw crusher crushing technology can not meet the needs, so On the basis of the jaw crusher, it has designed a crusher. In 1924, the German first developed a single, dual-rotor two types of crusher, crusher structure was similar to the modern squirrel cage crusher, because in terms of the structure, or from the analysis works It is capable of providing the crusher. As the material requires repeated shocks, crushing process will be free and unimpeded discharge, but due to limited feed force and the ability of the crusher, the model gradually transform into a squirrel-cage type crusher, used in the hard look of crushing. By 1942, German Andreson summarizing the structural characteristics of squirrel cage crusher hammer crusher and works on the basis of the invention of modern counter-crusher structure similar to the AP series impact crusher. Thanks to the productivity of this crusher is relatively high, relatively to the material can be processed, and it is in the form of relatively simple structure, easy to move, so that the crusher has been developing rapidly. With the further development of the crushing and screening broken theory has improved steadily and technology, a variety of high-performance crusher are endless, foreign production crusher manufacturers of the more well known namely the United States Cedar ids Company (formerly Iowa Machinery companies), Sweden Svedala, Finland Nordbe pens, France and Spain Dragon Rover, Germany Hazemag, KHD, heart upp company, Kawasaki Heavy Industries and so on. The Spanish Rover's crusher has a very broad range, crusher to sand crusher from primary crushing counterattack, a total of eight series, nearly 100 kinds of specifications. The structure has a unique feature. According to the company experts: broken by hard rock crusher against board hammer life of up to three to six months. Another recent German Hazemag & EPR for its crusher developed a new HazemagSQ rotor. The rotor type is opened, the rear fixing plate embedded in the groove. Pads can be fixed from the side or side panel insert, fixing wedges. Pad combines the advantages of S-type pads and Q-type strike plate can be adjusted once head, and raise the utilization rate. Meanwhile, in order to enhance the mobility of the crusher has also developed a tire and crawler mobile crushing station, where the wheel type crusher more popular in America, Crawler more popular in Europe. In fact, the development of crusher in China relatively late, to the 50s of last century, our country really have a shredder, so that China's crushing and screening equipment, mostly 50s came out. Before the 1980s, we made the crusher limited coal and limestone handling classes of hard materials. Until the late Eighties introduced KHD-type hard rock crusher, fill the gaps. But twenty years behind overseas. Domestic hard rock crusher, the beginning of its dependence on imported core parts board hammer, hammer plate localization in "August" period as a ministerial-level scientific research projects, after the success of the project, not only replace imported domestic plate hammer, and has exported to Europe, Japan and other countries. Breakthrough wear-resistant materials, so that even more powerful hard rock crusher. For example: the Ministry of Transportation to improve the quality of highway construction, concrete pavement research projects have been proposed stone crushing plant, and included in the national "eight five" key project. Prototype equipment for the project failed in the Northeastern site use. And users to switch to hard rock crusher counterattack after stone, in full compliance with the requirements of highway concrete pavement skid. So the hard rock crusher boosted reputation. Liaoning Provincial Communications Department once owned such a device, as a prerequisite for bidding to undertake road construction. According to statistics, in road construction in the provinces and cities have adopted a hard rock crusher stone pavement preparation system equipment to breaking strength of 300MPa basalt, andesite and other hard materials, and meet the following gradation 19.6mm stone. Its flakiness percentage content of less than 10%. There are currently more than 400 around the use, not only solved a problem in highway construction, but also blocking imports. Overall, the future direction of domestic and foreign crusher is mainly manifested in the following aspects: First, the need for the existing crusher to improve the structure, enhance crusher for medium hard ore crushing capacit