英语四级阅读.doc

您的位置：原版英语学习网英语四级四级阅读 大学英语四级阅读200篇 口音是英国划分等级阶层的最大依据-大学英语四级阅读200篇rain0 于2012-05-03发布 l 已有 493人浏览玩歪歪博，拯救你的脖子和颈椎 数百名外教任意选，每天陪你练口语 圣诞节英语专题 好听的英文歌曲推荐As regards social conventions, we must say a word about the well-known English class system. This 0As regards social conventions, we must say a word about the well-known English class system. This is an embarrassing subject for English people, and one they tend to be ashamed of, though during the present century class-consciousness has grown less and less, and the class system less rigid. But it still exists below the surface. Broadly speaking, it means there are two classes, the “middle class” and the “working class”. (We shall ignore for a moment the old “upper class”, including the hereditary aristocracy, since it is extremely small in numbers; but some of its members have the right to sit in the House of Lords, and some newspapers take a surprising interest in their private life.) The middle class consists chiefly of well-to-do businessmen and professional people of all kinds. The working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers. The most obvious difference between them is in their accent. Middle-class people use slightly varying kinds of “received pronunciation” which is the kind of English spoken by BBC announcers and taught to overseas pupils. Typical working-class people speak in many different local accents which are generally felt to be rather ugly and uneducated. One of the biggest barriers of social equality in England is the two-class education system. To have been to a so-called “public school” immediately marks you out as one of the middle class. The middle classes tend to live a more formal life than working-class people, and are usually more cultured. Their midday meal is “lunch” and they have a rather formal evening meal called “dinner”, whereas the working mans dinner, if his working hours permit, is at midday, and his smaller, late-evening meal is called supper. As we have said, however, the class system is much less rigid than it was, and for a long time it has been government policy to reduce class distinctions. Working-class students very commonly receive a university education and enter the professions, and working-class incomes have grown so much recently that the distinctions between the two classes are becoming less and less clear. However, regardless of ones social status, certain standards of politeness are expected of everybody, and a well-bred person is polite to everyone he meets, and treats a labourer with the same respect he gives an important businessman. Servility inspires both embarrassment and dislike. Even the word “sir”, except in school and in certain occupations (e.g. commerce, the army etc.) sounds too servile to be commonly used. The middle class mainly refers to people . A. who were born as aristocrat B. who have the right to sit in the House of Lords C. who speak in many different local accents D. who are prosperous businessmen or who work in some professions2. The most obvious difference between the working class and the middle class in English is their . A. dress B. work C. accent D. meal 3. Why isnt the word “sir” commonly used in Britain? A. Because it sounds too servile and is likely to cause embarrassment. B. Because it can only be used in some certain occupations. C. Because it is an impolite word. D. Because it shows that the speaker is not a well-bred person. 4. The “upper class” in England today . A. are extremely small in number so that media pays no attention to them B. still uses old words like “Sir” in their everyday lifeC. includes the hereditary aristocracy D. refers only to the royal family 5. Which of the following is not true about the English class system? A. It is an embarrassing subject for English people.B. Working-class students cannot receive a university education.C. The class system is much less rigid than it was. D. The class system still exists below the surface. Vocabulary 1. convention n. 习俗 2. embarrass v. 使困窘 rigid adj. 严格 4. hereditary adj. 世袭的 manual adj. 体力的 6. accent n. 口音 received pronunciation adj. (英语的)标准发音 well-bred adj. 有教养的 9. servility n. 卑屈 10. occupation n. 职业 长难句解析 【解析】这是一个复合句，主句由“and”引导的两个并列句组成，“though”引导的让步状语从句，也是由两个并列的句子组成。【译文】尽管本世纪等级意识越来越淡，等级制度也越来越不严格，但对于英国人来说它仍是一个尴尬的话题，仍旧引以为耻。 【解析】这是一个复合句，由“and”引导的两个并列句组成，“sothat”作“grown”的状语。 【译文】劳工家庭中的孩子上大学成为非常平常的事情，此后他们也加入各种专业行当。劳工阶层的工资近来也快速增长，使得两个阶层间的界线越来越模糊。答案与详解 【短文大意】本文主要讲述英国等级意识虽然越来越淡，但在表层下，等级仍然存在。而“阶层”的最大区别是他们的口音。 1. D细节题。意为“那些比较富裕的生意人或有一定的职业的人”。见第一段的倒数第二句：中产阶级主要包括富裕的生意人和有一定的职业的人。所以正确答案应该是 D。 2. C细节题。意为“口音”。见第二段的第一句：他们之间最明显的区别是他们的口音。所以正确答案应该是 C。3. 推断题。意为“因为它听起来太过谦卑，很可能会引起尴尬”。见文章的最后两句：谦卑会引起尴尬和不悦。甚至像“先生”这样的词，除了在特定的职业中（如商业、军队）外，也不太常用，因为它听起来太过谦卑。所以正确答案应该是 A。 4. C细节题。A选项前半是对的。上流社会人数很少，后半是错的，媒体还在关注他们，注意一定要看清楚再选。B选项相关内容在文末。D没有提到。B在第一段中间出现，是正确答案。 5. B细节题。意为“来自工人阶级家庭的学生不能接受大学教育”。见第三段第二句的前半句：来自工人阶级家庭的学生接受大学教育并且某种职业的情况已十分普遍。所以选项 B的答案与文章不相符，是正确答案。您的位置：原版英语学习网英语四级四级阅读 大学英语四级阅读200篇 垒球的特征及如何去欣赏垒球比赛-大学英语四级阅读200篇rain0 于2012-05-03发布 l 已有 534人浏览玩歪歪博，拯救你的脖子和颈椎 数百名外教任意选，每天陪你练口语 圣诞节英语专题 好听的英文歌曲推荐There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar sit 0There are people in Italy who cant stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you its a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because theres the sport that glorifies “the hit”. By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still. On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, closeups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV wont do it for you. Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first basemans position. Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.” The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chores and responses. 1. The passage is mainly concerned with . A. the different tastes of people for sports B. the different characteristics of sports C. the attraction of football D. the attraction of baseball 2. Those who dont like baseball may complain that . A. it is only to the taste of the old B. it involves fewer players than football C. it is not exciting enough D. it is pretentious and looks funny The author admits that . A. baseball is too peaceful for the young B. baseball may seem boring when watched on TV C. football is more attracting than baseball D. baseball is more interesting than football 4. By stating “I could have had my eyes closed. ” the author means (4th paragraph last sentence): A. The third baseman would rather sleep than play the game. B. Even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no different to the result. C. The third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well. D. The consequent was too bad he could not bear to see it.5. We can safely conclude that the author.A. likes football B. hates football C. hates baseball D. likes baseballVocabulary1. dugout n.棒球场边供球员休息的地方 2. pitcher n.投手 3. symphony n.交响乐 4. chamber n.室内 5. contemplate vt.沉思，注视 长难句解析 【解析】此句的主干是“Baseballmeanswatching”，其中“in funny tight outfits”用来修饰“grown men”,“standing”和“staring”用来做“grown men”的定语。 【译文】对于他们来说，棒球就是在无聊的几个小时中几个身着紧身衣的大人伫立在场地周围没事可做地东张西望。 【解析】这是一个复合句，“goes up”，“flexes”“takes”，“glances”做“the third baseman”的并列谓语。 【译文】但每当投球手掷出球的那一瞬间，你再看吧，三垒运动员脚尖点地，屈臂或把接球手套直指前方，左右移动步伐，或前或后，或许他还要越过场地盯着一垒球手的动作。答案与详解 【短文大意】本文主要讲述垒球的特征及欣赏。 1. D主旨题。文章第一段简述了人们对垒球所持的偏见认为它毫无活力、从容和缓，不像橄榄球那样(禁止)迭起、令人激动。文章的第二、三、四、五段探讨了垒球的根本特征及欣赏角度，文章的最后一句话用一个比喻概括了垒球的魅力：“如果橄榄球是一曲交响乐的话，那么，垒球中所表现出来的运动恰似一曲优美的室内乐。”可见，本文主要探讨的是垒球的特点及其欣赏。 A不对，第一段也确实提到了不同观众对不同运动形式的偏好，但这只是用以引出对垒球的特征及欣赏的讨论。 2. C细节题。文章第一段指出：许多人不喜欢垒球，一提起垒球这些人就打哈欠甚至皱眉头。对他们来说，看垒球意味着眼巴巴地观望着身着运动装(outfit)的人呆立在球场上，东瞧瞧西望望，很少有什么(激动人心的)事发生没意思透了。他们认为这样的运动更适合上个世纪的人的口味，不像橄榄球那样充满活力。 A意为：“它只适合老年人的口味。”注意：原文说的是适合上个世纪的人的口味，二者意味不一样。 D意为：“它矫揉造作、滑稽可笑。”这与说它gentlemanly(具有绅士风度，矜持，即：没有冲撞或拼抢)不一样。3. B推断题。第三段指出，在电视上，垒球运动被切换成不同角度的画面，而且不断地使用重放、特写等电视制作技术，这破坏了该运动的整体运动感，使观众无法将自己投入(project)到运动中去，以体会到这种寓动于静的运动之美。电视做不到这一点(The TV wont do it for you)，因此，电视上的垒球比赛看上去(seems)孤孤单单、冷冷清清、沉沉静静、慢慢腾腾。C、D不对，作者仅指出了不同运动有不同运动的特征，并未说哪种运动优于哪种。参阅文章最后一句。4. B推断题。第四段整个都在描述垒球场上的一个场景：拿三垒的运动员假设对方全投出好球，作好了一切准备，但是对方投出的并不是好球。所以在那时候他的准备做不做都不会影响比赛结果。他说本来可以闭上眼睛，意思就是B项所写的。A、C、D都不符合作者的意图。这道题需要完整地了解第四段内容才能作好选择。 5. D推断题。在本文中，作者主要探讨了垒球的特征及欣赏，作者着重指出的是：只有根据垒球的特征来欣赏它，才能体会到它的魅力。在他看来，观察到垒球比赛中运动员的各种动作、垒球位之间的关系等是欣赏它的关键(第三段第二句)。只有从整体来把握它，才能看到每一个小的动作、每一个眼神乃至于“静止”的意义，也只有这样，才能全身心地投入比赛中，欣赏到它的魅力。可见，作者对垒球有很深的理解而且非常喜爱垒球。主要参考第三、四、五段。您的位置：原版英语学习网英语四级四级阅读 大学英语四级阅读200篇 文化背景对商业运作的影响-大学英语四级阅读200篇rain0 于2012-05-03发布 l 已有 498人浏览玩歪歪博，拯救你的脖子和颈椎 数百名外教任意选，每天陪你练口语 圣诞节英语专题 好听的英文歌曲推荐Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of l 0Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience. The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn cultureone has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonalds. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging. The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness. Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer. 1. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. All international managers can learn culture. B. Business diversity is not necessary. C. Views differ on how to treat culture in business world. . Most people do not know foreign culture well.2. According to the author, the model of Pepsi . . is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around . is different from the model of McDonalds . shows the reverse of globalization . has converged cultural differences 3. The two schools of thought . . both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures . both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries . admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world . Both and 4. This article is supposed to be most useful for those . A. who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversityB. who have connections to more than one type of culture C. who want to travel abroad D. who want to run business on International Scale 5. According to Fortune, successful international companies . . earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas . all have the quality of patience . will follow the overseas local cultures . adopt the policy of internationalization Vocabulary 1. dynamic adj. 动态的 2. variable n. 变量 aesthetics n. 美学 4. factual adj. 事实的 5. interpretative adj. 解释的 6. converge v. 聚合 7. transplant v. 移植 8. myopia n. 近视 9. adversary n. 对手 长难句解析 【解析】此句虽然很长，但考生只要认清它的主干，就很容易了解本句的意思。这个句子为一个简单句，主语为：“this system”，谓语为“is shaped”。 【译文】特定社会成员特点构成的行为方式体系不断地被一系列动态变量所左右：如语言、信仰、价值与态度、礼仪与风俗、审美、技术、教育及社会体制。 答案与详解 【短文大意】本文主要讲述文化背景对商业运作的影响，文中列举了商界中存在的对于文化多样性的两种观点。 C推断题。意为“对在商业中怎样对待文化有着不同意见”。 文化在商业中是一个很具挑战性的因素。不同的国家与地区可能会有不同的文化体系。在商业中，应该怎样对待不同的文化，商业界存在着不同的看法。 2. 细节题。意为“与同意世界商业一体化的派别的主张是一致的”。 Pepsi采纳的是国际化的商业风格，这与那些主张国际化的派别的意见是相一致的。 3. C推断题。意为“承认商业世界中文化的多元性”。两个派别都承认商业世界中文化的多元性。他们的不同在于，应该对待不同的文化，应该搞国际化还是对不同的文化采取不同的策略。4. D主旨题。由文中的例子可以知道，作者主要关心的并不是研究多种文化形态，而是文化背景对商业运作的影响。所以D是正确答案。 5. 细节题。意为“都具有耐心这一素质”。并非所有成功的国际公司的海外收入都占总收入的20%或以上。它们也不一定全都接纳海外的当地文化，或是采纳国际化策略。您的位置：原版英语学习网英语四级四级阅读 大学英语四级阅读200篇 英语作为一门语言的演变过程-大学英语四级阅读200篇rain0 于2012-05-03发布 l 已有 343人浏览玩歪歪博，拯救你的脖子和颈椎 数百名外教任意选，每天陪你练口语 圣诞节英语专题 好听的英文歌曲推荐When one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the English language, h 0When one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the English language, he should be able to notice a number of significant truths. The history of our language has always been a history of constant changeat times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. Our language has always been a living growing organism, it has never been static. Another significant truth that emerges from such a study is that language at all times has been the possession not of one class or group but of many. At one extreme it has been the property of the common, ignorant folk, who have used it in the daily business of their living, much as they have used their animals or the kitchen pots and pans. At the other extreme it has been the treasure of those who have respected it as an instrument and a sign of civilization, and who have struggled by writing it down to give it some permanence, order, dignity, and if possible, a little beauty. As we consider our changing language, we should note here two developments that are of special and immediate importance to us. One is that since the time of the Anglo-Saxons there has been an almost complete reversal of the different devices for showing the relationship of words in a sentence. Anglo-Saxon (old English) was a language of many inflections. Modern English has few inflections. We must now depend largely on word order and function words to convey the meanings that the older language did by means of changes in the forms of words. Function words, you should understand, are words such as prepositions, conjunctions, and a few others that are used primarily to show relationships among other words. A few inflections, however, have survived. And when some word inflections come into conflict with word order, there may be trouble for the users of the language, as we shall see later when we turn our attention to such maters as WHO or WHOM and ME or I. The second fact we must consider is that as language itself changes, our attitudes toward language forms change also. The eighteenth century, for example, produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write. 1.In contrast to the earlier linguists, modern linguists tend to . A. att